Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research's Books

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089034

ISBN 13

9780309089036

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089034

ISBN 13

9780309089036

Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

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Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.

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181

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908914X

ISBN 13

9780309089142

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Review of the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park

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Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Final Report

This report follows up on an interim report released in February 2004 that focused on immediate needs in the areas of animal care and management, recordkeeping, and pest control. The report finds that the zoo has made good-faith efforts to correct deficiencies noted in the interim report and has made some noticeable improvements in the past year in zoo operations and animal care. However, problems in areas such as staff training, workplace culture, and strategic planning still need to be addressed. Specifically, the report recommends that the zoo immediately develop and implement animal-care training programs to ensure that people who are directly responsible for the well-being of its animal collection are adequately prepared and competent. The report commends a zoo-initiated strategic planning process as a positive step, but recommends it contain a more detailed, comprehensive strategy of how it will meet short-term goals and that it should link plans to upgrade facilities with those to acquire animals. The zoo should also focus on improving communication among keepers, veterinarians, nutritionists, senior managers, and curators.

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304

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095832

ISBN 13

9780309095839

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents

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Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Interim Report

Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants.

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271

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100925

ISBN 13

9780309100922

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

A Vision and a Strategy

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Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

A Vision and a Strategy

Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.

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217

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309151732

ISBN 13

9780309151733

International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders

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International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

Animals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, and to provide models of human disorders and diseases for the development of new treatments. To ensure the humane care and use of animals, numerous laws, policies, and regulations are in place governing the use of animals in research, and certain animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research. To consider animal research regulations from a global perspective, the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the National Research Council and the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, held a workshop in Buckinghamshire, UK, July 26-27, 2011. The workshop brought together neuroscientists, legal scholars, administrators, and other key stakeholders to discuss current and emerging trends in animal regulations as they apply to the neurosciences. This document summarizes the workshop.

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102

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309252113

ISBN 13

9780309252119

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

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113

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038391

ISBN 13

9780309038393

Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. This new book from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) at the National Research Council, Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, focuses on the stress and distress which is experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers, and investigators; animal care staff, as well as animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals focuses specifically on the scientific understanding of the causes and the functions of stress and distress, the transformation of stress to distress, and the identification of principles for the recognition and alleviation of distress. This book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals. It also identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare in order to adhere to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice.

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137

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309108179

ISBN 13

9780309108171

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

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Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons. The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309219094

ISBN 13

9780309219099

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

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Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Eighth Edition

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

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246

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154006

ISBN 13

9780309154000

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

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Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random-Source Dogs and Cats in Research examines the value of random-source animals in biomedical research and the role of Class B dealers who acquire and resell live dogs and cats to research institutions. Findings include that, while some random-source dogs and cats may be necessary and desirable for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, there is no clear need to obtain those animals from Class B dealers. Several options for random-source animal acquisition already exist and additional options are recommended, which would further ensure the welfare of these animals and foster a positive public image for NIH. While the scientific community has recognized and responded to concerns for humane treatment of animals in research, government oversight has thus far been unable to fully enforce the Animal Welfare Act in regard to Class B dealers of live animals. Although the animals acquired by Class B dealers are destined for research-and NIH research in particular-the standard of care while in the possession of some Class B dealers requires an inordinate amount of government enforcement and is not commensurate with the policies of most NIH-funded research laboratories. This dichotomy of standards reflects poorly on public perceptions of NIH and jeopardizes animal welfare. This book will be crucial for NIH and other groups using random-source animals in research, including veterinary schools and research facilities. Animal welfare advocates, policy makers, and concerned pet owners will also find this a vital and informative work for reconciling the needs of research with the welfare of animals.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309138078

ISBN 13

9780309138079

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

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Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

The use of animals in research adheres to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice. Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals, the second of two reports revising the 1992 publication Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), focuses on pain experienced by animals used in research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers and investigators; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee members; and animal care staff and animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with pain in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines for recognizing and alleviating pain in laboratory animals, focusing specifically on the following areas: physiology of pain in commonly used laboratory species; pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic principles to control pain; identification of humane endpoints; and principles for minimizing pain associated with experimental procedures. Finally, the report identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare.

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198

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030912834X

ISBN 13

9780309128346

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,International Workshop on the Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care Program Committee

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The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care is the summary of an international workshop held in Washington, DC, in November 2003 to bring together experts from around the world to discuss the available knowledge that can positively influence current and pending guidelines for laboratory animal care, identify gaps in that knowledge in order to encourage future research endeavors, and discuss the scientific evidence that can be used to assess the benefits and costs of various regulatory approaches affecting facilities, research, and animal welfare.

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262

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309093023

ISBN 13

9780309093026

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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113

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309038391

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9780309038393

International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

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International Animal Research Regulations

Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary

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102

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0309252113

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9780309252119

Book's by Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century

International Animal Research Regulations

International Animal Research Regulations

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

International Animal Research Regulations

International Animal Research Regulations

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