Committee on Guidance for Designing a National Healthcare Disparities Report's Books

Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Guidance for Designing a National Healthcare Disparities Report

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Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Guidance for Designing a National Healthcare Disparities Report

The Agency for Healthcare Research Quality commissioned the Institute of Medicine establish a committee to provide guidance on the National Healthcare Disparities Report is of access to health care, utilization of services, and the services received. The committee was asked to con population characteristics as race and ethnicity, society status, and geographic location. It was also asked to examine factors that included possible data sources and types of measures for the report.

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215

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309085195

ISBN 13

9780309085199

Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Guidance for Designing a National Healthcare Disparities Report

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Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Guidance for Designing a National Healthcare Disparities Report

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215

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309085195

ISBN 13

9780309085199

Eliminating Health Disparities

Measurement and Data Needs

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on DHHS Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data

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Eliminating Health Disparities

Measurement and Data Needs

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on DHHS Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data

Disparities in health and health care across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States are well documented. The reasons for these disparities are, however, not well understood. Current data available on race, ethnicity, SEP, and accumulation and language use are severely limited. The report examines data collection and reporting systems relating to the collection of data on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position and offers recommendations.

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311

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092310

ISBN 13

9780309092319

Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth

Assessing and Improving Child Health

By: Institute of Medicine,National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Evaluation of Children's Health

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Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth

Assessing and Improving Child Health

By: Institute of Medicine,National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Evaluation of Children's Health

Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.

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337

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091187

ISBN 13

9780309091183

A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on a National Surveillance System for Cardiovascular and Select Chronic Diseases

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A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on a National Surveillance System for Cardiovascular and Select Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.

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200

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309212162

ISBN 13

9780309212168

Future Directions for the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Future Directions for the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports

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Future Directions for the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Future Directions for the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports

As the United States devotes extensive resources to health care, evaluating how successfully the U.S. system delivers high-quality, high-value care in an equitable manner is essential. At the request of Congress, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) annually produces the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) and the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR). The reports have revealed areas in which health care performance has improved over time, but they also have identified major shortcomings. After five years of producing the NHQR and NHDR, AHRQ asked the IOM for guidance on how to improve the next generation of reports. The IOM concludes that the NHQR and NHDR can be improved in ways that would make them more influential in promoting change in the health care system. In addition to being sources of data on past trends, the national healthcare reports can provide more detailed insights into current performance, establish the value of closing gaps in quality and equity, and project the time required to bridge those gaps at the current pace of improvement.

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246

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309149851

ISBN 13

9780309149853

Vital Signs

Core Metrics for Health and Health Care Progress

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Core Metrics for Better Health at Lower Cost

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Vital Signs

Core Metrics for Health and Health Care Progress

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Core Metrics for Better Health at Lower Cost

Thousands of measures are in use today to assess health and health care in the United States. Although many of these measures provide useful information, their usefulness in either gauging or guiding performance improvement in health and health care is seriously limited by their sheer number, as well as their lack of consistency, compatibility, reliability, focus, and organization. To achieve better health at lower cost, all stakeholders - including health professionals, payers, policy makers, and members of the public - must be alert to what matters most. What are the core measures that will yield the clearest understanding and focus on better health and well-being for Americans? Vital Signs explores the most important issues - healthier people, better quality care, affordable care, and engaged individuals and communities - and specifies a streamlined set of 15 core measures. These measures, if standardized and applied at national, state, local, and institutional levels across the country, will transform the effectiveness, efficiency, and burden of health measurement and help accelerate focus and progress on our highest health priorities. Vital Signs also describes the leadership and activities necessary to refine, apply, maintain, and revise the measures over time, as well as how they can improve the focus and utility of measures outside the core set. If health care is to become more effective and more efficient, sharper attention is required on the elements most important to health and health care. Vital Signs lays the groundwork for the adoption of core measures that, if systematically applied, will yield better health at a lower cost for all Americans.

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245

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309324963

ISBN 13

9780309324960

Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality

Measuring What Matters

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Pediatric Health and Health Care Quality Measures

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Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality

Measuring What Matters

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Pediatric Health and Health Care Quality Measures

Increasing public investments in health care services for low-income and special needs children and adolescents in the United States have raised questions about whether these efforts improve their health outcomes. Yet it is difficult to assess the general health status and health care quality for younger populations, especially those at risk of poor health outcomes, because the United States has no national information system that can provide timely, comprehensive, and reliable indicators in these areas for children and adolescents. Without such a system in place, it is difficult to know whether and how selected health care initiatives and programs contribute to children's health status. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality identifies key advances in the development of pediatric health and health care quality measures, examines the capacity of existing federal data sets to support these measures, and considers related research activities focused on the development of new measures to address current gaps. This book posits the need for a comprehensive strategy to make better use of existing data, to integrate different data sources, and to develop new data sources and collection methods for unique populations. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality looks closely at three areas: the nature, scope, and quality of existing data sources; gaps in measurement areas; and methodological areas that deserve attention. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality makes recommendations for improving and strengthening the timeliness, quality, public transparency, and accessibility of information on child health and health care quality. This book will be a vital resource for health officials at the local, state, and national levels, as well as private and public health care organizations and researchers.

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281

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309225116

ISBN 13

9780309225113

Best Care at Lower Cost

The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Learning Health Care System in America

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Best Care at Lower Cost

The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Learning Health Care System in America

America's health care system has become too complex and costly to continue business as usual. Best Care at Lower Cost explains that inefficiencies, an overwhelming amount of data, and other economic and quality barriers hinder progress in improving health and threaten the nation's economic stability and global competitiveness. According to this report, the knowledge and tools exist to put the health system on the right course to achieve continuous improvement and better quality care at a lower cost. The costs of the system's current inefficiency underscore the urgent need for a systemwide transformation. About 30 percent of health spending in 2009-roughly $750 billion-was wasted on unnecessary services, excessive administrative costs, fraud, and other problems. Moreover, inefficiencies cause needless suffering. By one estimate, roughly 75,000 deaths might have been averted in 2005 if every state had delivered care at the quality level of the best performing state. This report states that the way health care providers currently train, practice, and learn new information cannot keep pace with the flood of research discoveries and technological advances. About 75 million Americans have more than one chronic condition, requiring coordination among multiple specialists and therapies, which can increase the potential for miscommunication, misdiagnosis, potentially conflicting interventions, and dangerous drug interactions. Best Care at Lower Cost emphasizes that a better use of data is a critical element of a continuously improving health system, such as mobile technologies and electronic health records that offer significant potential to capture and share health data better. In order for this to occur, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, IT developers, and standard-setting organizations should ensure that these systems are robust and interoperable. Clinicians and care organizations should fully adopt these technologies, and patients should be encouraged to use tools, such as personal health information portals, to actively engage in their care. This book is a call to action that will guide health care providers; administrators; caregivers; policy makers; health professionals; federal, state, and local government agencies; private and public health organizations; and educational institutions.

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437

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309282810

ISBN 13

9780309282819

Vibrant and Healthy Kids

Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Applying Neurobiological and Socio-Behavioral Sciences from Prenatal Through Early Childhood Development: A Health Equity Approach

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Vibrant and Healthy Kids

Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity

Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.

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621

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309493382

ISBN 13

9780309493383

Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment

Identifying Social Risk Factors

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Accounting for Socioeconomic Status in Medicare Payment Programs

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Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment

Identifying Social Risk Factors

Recent health care payment reforms aim to improve the alignment of Medicare payment strategies with goals to improve the quality of care provided, patient experiences with health care, and health outcomes, while also controlling costs. These efforts move Medicare away from the volume-based payment of traditional fee-for-service models and toward value-based purchasing, in which cost control is an explicit goal in addition to clinical and quality goals. Specific payment strategies include pay-for-performance and other quality incentive programs that tie financial rewards and sanctions to the quality and efficiency of care provided and accountable care organizations in which health care providers are held accountable for both the quality and cost of the care they deliver. Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment: Identifying Social Risk Factors is the first in a series of five reports commissioned to provide input into whether socioeconomic status (SES) and other social risk factors could be accounted for in Medicare payment and quality programs. This report focuses on defining SES and other social factors for the purposes of application to Medicare quality measurement and payment programs.

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111

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030938124X

ISBN 13

9780309381246

Unequal Treatment

Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (with CD)

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care

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Unequal Treatment

Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (with CD)

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

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781

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908265X

ISBN 13

9780309082655

Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Women in Science and Engineering,Committee on Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

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Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

Based on a 2003 workshop, this study describes current public and private programs and recommends ways to recruit and retain more women and underrepresented minorities into clinical research, especially physician-scientists and nurses. Federal sponsors should improve data collection, evaluate existing training programs, and increase the diversity of study section review panels. Public and private sponsors should create funding mechanisms with flexible career paths, and universities and professional societies should both play enhanced roles in fostering diversity. A significant push is needed to recruit minorities into nursing and provide more clinical research training for nurse-scientists, nursing students, and nursing faculty.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309143888

ISBN 13

9780309143882

Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on Understanding the Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations

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Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations

The increase in prevalence and visibility of sexually gender diverse (SGD) populations illuminates the need for greater understanding of the ways in which current laws, systems, and programs affect their well-being. Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, or intersex, as well as those who express same-sex or -gender attractions or behaviors, will have experiences across their life course that differ from those of cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, and geographic location intersect to play a distinct role in the challenges and opportunities SGD people face. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations reviews the available evidence and identifies future research needs related to the well-being of SDG populations across the life course. This report focuses on eight domains of well-being; the effects of various laws and the legal system on SGD populations; the effects of various public policies and structural stigma; community and civic engagement; families and social relationships; education, including school climate and level of attainment; economic experiences (e.g., employment, compensation, and housing); physical and mental health; and health care access and gender-affirming interventions. The recommendations of Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations aim to identify opportunities to advance understanding of how individuals experience sexuality and gender and how sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status affect SGD people over the life course.

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437

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309680816

ISBN 13

9780309680813

Ethics Manual

By: American College of Physicians (2003- ). Ethics and Human Rights Committee,Lois Snyder

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Ethics Manual

By: American College of Physicians (2003- ). Ethics and Human Rights Committee,Lois Snyder

Examines the issues in medical ethics faced by doctors and their patients. This book also discusses the distinction and potential conflicts between legal and ethical obligations while making clinical decisions. It includes sections on: Genetic testing, Organ donation, Care of patients at the end of life, Health and human rights, and more.

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ACP Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1930513658

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9781930513655

Monitoring HIV Care in the United States

A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care

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Monitoring HIV Care in the United States

A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review Data Systems for Monitoring HIV Care

In September 2010, the White House Office of National AIDS Policy commissioned an Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee to respond to a two-part statement of task concerning how to monitor care for people with HIV. The IOM convened a committee of 17 members with expertise in HIV clinical care and supportive services, epidemiology, biostatistics, health policy, and other areas to respond to this task. The committee's first report, Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: Indicators and Data Systems, was released in March 2012. The report identified 14 core indicators of clinical HIV care and mental health, substance abuse, and supportive services for use by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to monitor the impact of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on improvements in HIV care and identified sources of data to estimate the indicators. The report also addressed a series of questions related to the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data necessary to estimate the indicators. In this second report, Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: A Strategy for Generating National Estimates of HIV Care and Coverage, the committee addresses how to obtain national estimates that characterize the health care of people with HIV within the context of the ACA, both before 2014 and after 2014, when key provisions of the ACA will be implemented. This report focuses on how to monitor the anticipated changes in health care coverage, service utilization, and quality of care for people with HIV within the context of the ACA.

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144

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309257158

ISBN 13

9780309257152

Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research

Saving Lives by Improving the Quality and Quantity of Organs for Transplantation

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Issues in Organ Donor Intervention Research

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Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research

Saving Lives by Improving the Quality and Quantity of Organs for Transplantation

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Issues in Organ Donor Intervention Research

The organ donation and transplantation system strives to honor the gift of donated organs by fully using those organs to save and improve the quality of the lives of their recipients. However, there are not enough donated organs to meet the demand and some donated organs may not be recovered, some recovered organs may not be transplanted, and some transplanted organs may not function adequately. Organ donor intervention research can test and assess interventions (e.g., medications, devices, and donor management protocols) to maintain or improve organ quality prior to, during, and following transplantation. The intervention is administered either while the organ is still in the deceased donor or after it is recovered from the donor but before it is transplanted into a recipient. Organ donor intervention research presents new challenges to the organ donation and transplantation community because of ethical questions about who should be considered a human subject in a research study, whose permission and oversight are needed, and how to ensure that such research does not threaten the equitable distribution of a scarce and valuable resource. Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research focuses on the ethical, legal, regulatory, policy, and organizational issues relevant to the conduct of research in the United States involving deceased organ donors. This report provides recommendations for how to conduct organ donor intervention research in a manner that maintains high ethical standards, that ensures dignity and respect for deceased organ donors and their families, that provides transparency and information for transplant candidates who might receive a research organ, and that supports and sustains the public's trust in the process of organ donation and transplantation.

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171

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309464870

ISBN 13

9780309464871

Improving Racial and Ethnic Data on Health

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on DHHS Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data

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Improving Racial and Ethnic Data on Health

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on DHHS Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data

The panel convened the Workshop on Improving Racial and Ethnic Data in Health to review information about current private-sector and state data collection practices in light of existing federal, state, and local regulations, laws, and requirements. The workshop presentations featured the perspectives of data users, health care providers, insurance plan representatives, state and local public health officials, and regulatory officials. Participants assessed policies, practices, barriers, and opportunities for collecting racial and ethnic data in their settings, and explored ways that private and state systems can be improved to address data needs. In preparation for the workshop, the panel commissioned four background papers to fill gaps in knowledge of private-sector and state government policies and practices and to address the importance of racial and ethnic data collection. The panel is also examining the role of socioeconomic status regarding health and health care disparities. However, the workshop intended to focus only on racial and ethnic data collection. The panel's final report will contain a full consideration of the collection of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic status data.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309090946

ISBN 13

9780309090940

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