Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean's Books

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean remains one of the world's last frontiers. Covering nearly 14 million km² (an area approximately 1.4 times the size of the United States), Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest continent on Earth. While it is challenging to live and work in this extreme environment, this region offers many opportunities for scientific research. Ever since the first humans set foot on Antarctica a little more than a century ago, the discoveries made there have advanced our scientific knowledge of the region, the world, and the Universe-but there is still much more to learn. However, conducting scientific research in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctica is profoundly challenging. Substantial resources are needed to establish and maintain the infrastructure needed to provide heat, light, transportation, and drinking water, while at the same time minimizing pollution of the environment and ensuring the safety of researchers. Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests actions for the United States to achieve success for the next generation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. The report highlights important areas of research by encapsulating each into a single, overarching question. The questions fall into two broad themes: (1) those related to global change, and (2) those related to fundamental discoveries. In addition, the report identified key science questions that will drive research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in coming decades, and highlighted opportunities to be leveraged to sustain and improve the U.S. research efforts in the region.

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212

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309214696

ISBN 13

9780309214698

A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Development of a Strategic Vision for the U.S. Antarctic Program

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A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Development of a Strategic Vision for the U.S. Antarctic Program

Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific research has produced a wide array of important and exciting scientific advances. Spanning oceanography to tectonics, microbiology to astrophysics, the extreme Antarctic environment provides unique opportunities to expand our knowledge about how our planet works and even the very origins of the universe. Research on the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic ice sheets is becoming increasingly urgent not only for understanding the future of the region but also its interconnections with and impacts on many other parts of the globe. The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) provides U.S. researchers with broad access to the continent and its surrounding ocean. A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research identifies priorities and strategic steps forward for Antarctic research and observations for the next decade. This survey presents a decadal vision for strategic investments in compelling research and the infrastructure most critical for supporting this research. This report makes recommendations for high-priority, larger-scale, community-driven research initiatives that address questions poised for significant advance with the next decades. This report also outlines a roadmap through which the vision and these priorities can be met.

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Page Count

161

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309373700

ISBN 13

9780309373708

Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Polar Research Board,Committee on Antarctic Policy and Science

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Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Polar Research Board,Committee on Antarctic Policy and Science

With the negotiation of the International Protocol on Environmental Protection in 1991, those nations conducting scientific research programs in Antarctica face new challenges for stewardship of the southern continent and protection of its environment. Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic examines how the implementation of the 1991 agreement in the United States can be done in such a way to ensure the compatibility of scientific and environmental protection goals in this global laboratory. The book also addresses the potential for the new requirements both to benefit and harm research activities in Antarctica.

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Page Count

122

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309049474

ISBN 13

9780309049474

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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212

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309214726

ISBN 13

9780309214728

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakersâ€"three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

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Page Count

135

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103215

ISBN 13

9780309103213

Polar Icebreaker Roles and U.S. Future Needs

A Preliminary Assessment

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Polar Icebreaker Roles and U.S. Future Needs

A Preliminary Assessment

The age and condition of the U.S. Coast Guard's polar icebreakers are jeopardizing national security and scientific research in the Arctic and Antarctic, according to an interim report from the National Academies. Because of a shortfall in funding for U.S. polar icebreaking activities, long-term maintenance on these icebreakers has been deferred over the past several years, making the ships inefficient to operate and their technological systems outdated. Congress asked the National Academies to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current and future roles of U.S. Coast Guard polar icebreakers in supporting U.S. operations in the Antarctic and the Arctic, including scenarios for continuing those operations and alternative approaches, the changes in roles and missions of polar icebreakers in the support of all national priorities in the polar regions, and potential changes in the roles of U.S Coast Guard icebreakers in the Arctic that may develop due to environmental change. This brief interim report highlights the most urgent and time-dependent issues, and a final report, expected to be released next summer, will examine the type and number of icebreaking ships that the U.S. requires in the long term and other issues.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100690

ISBN 13

9780309100694

Antarctic Communities

Species, Structure and Survival

By: International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

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Antarctic Communities

Species, Structure and Survival

By: International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

The study of Antarctic communities can provide a valuable step forward in investigating the control of community development, the utilization of habitats and the interaction among species in both species rich and species poor communities. This book contains chapters characterizing the present approaches to both aquatic and terrestrial communities in the Antarctic. From biodiversity to trophic flows, from ecophysiological strategies to the impacts of environmental change and the effects of human disturbance, this volume provides an up to the minute overview of community studies in an area covering ten percent of the Earth's surface.

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Page Count

912

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521480337

ISBN 13

9780521480338

Book's by Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research

A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research

Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic

Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

Polar Icebreaker Roles and U.S. Future Needs

Polar Icebreaker Roles and U.S. Future Needs

Antarctic Communities

Antarctic Communities

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