Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water's Books

Fluoride in Drinking Water

A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water

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Fluoride in Drinking Water

A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water

Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

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Page Count

531

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030910128X

ISBN 13

9780309101288

Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes

Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approachâ€"the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. The first volume of Dietary Reference Intakes includes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. The second book in the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age groupâ€"from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.

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Page Count

449

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309063507

ISBN 13

9780309063500

Advancing Oral Health in America

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on an Oral Health Initiative

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Advancing Oral Health in America

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on an Oral Health Initiative

Though it is highly preventable, tooth decay is a common chronic disease both in the United States and worldwide. Evidence shows that decay and other oral diseases may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, individuals and many health care professionals remain unaware of the risk factors and preventive approaches for many oral diseases. They do not fully appreciate how oral health affects overall health and well-being. In Advancing Oral Health in America, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) highlights the vital role that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can play in improving oral health and oral health care in the United States. The IOM recommends that HHS design an oral health initiative which has clearly articulated goals, is coordinated effectively, adequately funded and has high-level accountability. In addition, the IOM stresses three key areas needed for successfully maintaining oral health as a priority issue: strong leadership, sustained interest, and the involvement of multiple stakeholders from both the public and private sectors. Advancing Oral Health in America provides practical recommendations that the Department of Health and Human Services can use to improve oral health care in America. The report will serve as a vital resource for federal health agencies, health care professionals, policy makers, researchers, and public and private health organizations.

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211

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309278775

ISBN 13

9780309278775

Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of the Evolving Science for Dietary Supplements

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Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Examination of the Evolving Science for Dietary Supplements

The Committee on Examination of the Evolving Science for Dietary Supplements of the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board was directed to review, retrospectively, selected case studies of diet and health relationships that were relevant to dietary supplements and identified as important in the National Research Council report, Diet and Health: Implications for Chronic Disease Risk (D&H) (NRC, 1989). It was then to determine the extent to which subsequent scientific evidence from the peerreviewed literature used in published reports from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) series (IOM, 1997, 1998, 2000a, 2001) either agreed with the preliminary evidence used to support the relationship identified originally in the 1989 review or significantly modified the original hypotheses and preliminary conclusions. The committee's analysis was to include characteristics of research with apparent high probability of predicting future confirmation by new science in support of a diet and health relationship. It also was to consider characteristics of information useful to consumers that would allow them to make scientifically informed judgments about the role that a specific food component or nutrient plays in health.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309169496

ISBN 13

9780309169493

Book's by Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water

Fluoride in Drinking Water

Fluoride in Drinking Water

Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

Advancing Oral Health in America

Advancing Oral Health in America

Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships

Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships

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