Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century's Books

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century

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Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century

Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.

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283

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309379482

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9780309379489

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century

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Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century

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0309379482

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9780309379489

Research Universities and the Future of America

Ten Breakthrough Actions Vital to Our Nation's Prosperity and Security

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Research Universities

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Research Universities and the Future of America

Ten Breakthrough Actions Vital to Our Nation's Prosperity and Security

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Research Universities

Research Universities and the Future of America presents critically important strategies for ensuring that our nation's research universities contribute strongly to America's prosperity, security, and national goals. Widely considered the best in the world, our nation's research universities today confront significant financial pressures, important advances in technology, a changing demographic landscape, and increased international competition. This report provides a course of action for ensuring our universities continue to produce the knowledge, ideas, and talent the United States needs to be a global leader in the 21st century. Research Universities and the Future of America focuses on strengthening and expanding the partnership among universities and government, business, and philanthropy that has been central to American prosperity and security. The report focuses on the top 10 actions that Congress, the federal government, state governments, research universities, and others could take to strengthen the research and education missions of our research universities, their relationships with other parts of the national research enterprise, and their ability to transfer new knowledge and ideas to those who productively use them in our society and economy. This report examines trends in university finance, prospects for improving university operations, opportunities for deploying technology, and improvement in the regulation of higher education institutions. It also explores ways to improve pathways to graduate education, take advantage of opportunities to increase student diversity, and realign doctoral education for the careers new doctorates will follow. Research Universities and the Future of America is an important resource for policy makers on the federal and state levels, university administrators, philanthropic organizations, faculty, technology transfer specialists, libraries, and researchers.

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250

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309256399

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9780309256391

Open Science by Design

Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Research Data and Information,Committee on Toward an Open Science Enterprise

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Open Science by Design

Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Research Data and Information,Committee on Toward an Open Science Enterprise

Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps.

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233

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309476240

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9780309476249

Returning Individual Research Results to Participants

Guidance for a New Research Paradigm

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Return of Individual-Specific Research Results Generated in Research Laboratories

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Returning Individual Research Results to Participants

Guidance for a New Research Paradigm

When is it appropriate to return individual research results to participants? The immense interest in this question has been fostered by the growing movement toward greater transparency and participant engagement in the research enterprise. Yet, the risks of returning individual research resultsâ€"such as results with unknown validityâ€"and the associated burdens on the research enterprise are competing considerations. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants reviews the current evidence on the benefits, harms, and costs of returning individual research results, while also considering the ethical, social, operational, and regulatory aspects of the practice. This report includes 12 recommendations directed to various stakeholdersâ€"investigators, sponsors, research institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs), regulators, and participantsâ€"and are designed to help (1) support decision making regarding the return of results on a study-by-study basis, (2) promote high-quality individual research results, (3) foster participant understanding of individual research results, and (4) revise and harmonize current regulations.

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399

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309475171

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9780309475174

Data on Federal Research and Development Investments

A Pathway to Modernization

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Modernizing the Infrastructure of the National Science Foundation Federal Funds Survey

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Data on Federal Research and Development Investments

A Pathway to Modernization

Two surveys of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) provide some of the most significant data available to understand research and development spending and policy in the United States. These are the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development and the Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions. These surveys help reach conclusions about fundamental policy questions, such as whether a given field of research is adequately funded, whether funding is balanced among fields, and whether deficiencies in funding may be contributing to a loss of U.S. scientific or economic competitiveness. However, the survey data are of insufficient quality and timeliness to support many of the demands put on them. In addition the surveys are increasingly difficult to conduct in times of constrained resources, and their technological, procedural, and conceptual infrastructure has not been modernized for procedure or content. Data on Federal Research and Development Investments reviews the uses and collection of data on federal funds and federal support for science and technology and recommends future directions for the program based on an assessment of these uses and the adequacy of the surveys. The book also considers the classification structure, or taxonomy, for the fields of science and engineering.

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121

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309150620

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9780309150620

Fostering Integrity in Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science

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Fostering Integrity in Research

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science

The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

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327

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309391253

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9780309391252

Responsible Research

A Systems Approach to Protecting Research Participants

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing the System for Protecting Human Research Participants

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Responsible Research

A Systems Approach to Protecting Research Participants

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing the System for Protecting Human Research Participants

When 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger died in a gene transfer study at the University of Pennsylvania, the national spotlight focused on the procedures used to ensure research participants' safety and their capacity to safeguard the well-being of those who volunteer for research studies. Responsible Research outlines a three-pronged approach to ensure the protection of every participant through the establishment of effective Human Research Participant Protection Programs (HRPPPs). The approach includes: Improved research review processes, Recognition and integration of research participants' contributions to the system, and Vigilant maintenance of HRPPP performance. Issues addressed in the book include the need for in-depth, complimentary reviews of science, ethics, and conflict of interest reviews; desired qualifications for investigators and reviewers; the process of informed consent; federal and institutional oversight; and the role of accreditation. Recommendations for areas of key interest include suggestions for legislative approaches, compensation for research-related injury, and the refocusing of the mission of institutional review boards. Responsible Research will be important to anyone interested in the issues that are relevant to the practice of using human subjects as research participants, but especially so to policy makers, research administrators, investigators, and research sponsorsâ€"but also including volunteers who may agree to serve as research participants.

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313

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309084881

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9780309084888

Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research

A Status Report

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

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Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research

A Status Report

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

As requested by Congress and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), this report assists federal agencies in crafting plans and reports that are responsive to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), OMB Guidance, and agency missions. Using a case study approach, the report identifies best practices used by individual agencies to evaluate the performance and results of their science and technology programs. The report takes into account individual agencies' missions and how science and technology programs and human resource needs are factored into agency GPRA plans. Specific applications of recommendations are included from COSEPUP's earlier report entitled Evaluating Federal Research Programs: Research and the Government Performance and Results Act.

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209

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ISBN 10

0309170958

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9780309170956

Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Trends in Federal Spending on Scientific and Engineering Research

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Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Trends in Federal Spending on Scientific and Engineering Research

The Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy updated its 1999 analysis (Appendix A, Securing America's Industrial Strength, 1999) of changes since 1990 in the distribution of federal research funding by field of science and engineering) by incorporating FY 1998 and FY 1999 obligations from the NSF Federal Funds survey, with particular attention to the trends in basic research support, changes in research fields' relative dependence on research-sponsoring agencies, and the relationship between changes in research support and changes in enrollment in graduate training in selected fields of research. The Board did not recommend funding levels for any discipline but addressed procedural aspects of R&D budgeting.

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113

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309075890

ISBN 13

9780309075893

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Research and the Government Performance and Results Act

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

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Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Research and the Government Performance and Results Act

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met. The first performance reports are due in March 2000. Measuring the performance of basic research is particularly challenging because major breakthroughs can be unpredictable and difficult to assess in the short term. This book recommends that federal agencies use an "expert review" method to examine the quality of research they support, the relevance of that research to their mission, and whether the research is at the international forefront of scientific and technological knowledge. It also addresses the issues of matching evaluation measurements to the character of the research performed, improving coordination among agencies when research is in the same field, and including a human resource development component in GPRA strategic and performance plans.

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0309173272

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9780309173278

The Arc of the Academic Research Career

Issues and Implications for U.S. Science and Engineering Leadership: Summary of a Workshop

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

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The Arc of the Academic Research Career

Issues and Implications for U.S. Science and Engineering Leadership: Summary of a Workshop

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

America's research universities have undergone striking change in recent decades, as have many aspects of the society that surrounds them. This change has important implications for the heart of every university: the faculty. To sustain their high level of intellectual excellence and their success in preparing young people for the various roles they will play in society, universities need to be aware of how evolving conditions affect their ability to attract the most qualified people and to maximize their effectiveness as teachers and researchers. Gender roles, family life, the demographic makeup of the nation and the faculty, and the economic stability of higher education all have shifted dramatically over the past generation. In addition, strong current trends in technology, funding, and demographics suggest that change will continue and perhaps even accelerate in academe in the years to come. One central element of academic life has remained essentially unchanged for generations, however: the formal structure of the professorial career. Developed in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to suit circumstances quite different from today's, and based on traditions going back even earlier, this customary career path is now a source of strain for both the individuals pursuing it and the institutions where they work. The Arc of the Academic Research Career is the summary of a workshop convened by The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy in September 2013 to examine major points of strain in academic research careers from the point of view of both the faculty members and the institutions. National experts from a variety of disciplines and institutions discussed practices and strategies already in use on various campuses and identified issues as yet not effectively addressed. This workshop summary addresses the challenges universities face, from nurturing the talent of future faculty members to managing their progress through all the stages of their careers to finding the best use of their skills as their work winds down.

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0309298997

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9780309298995

Book's by Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research

Research Universities and the Future of America

Research Universities and the Future of America

Open Science by Design

Open Science by Design

Returning Individual Research Results to Participants

Returning Individual Research Results to Participants

Data on Federal Research and Development Investments

Data on Federal Research and Development Investments

Fostering Integrity in Research

Fostering Integrity in Research

Responsible Research

Responsible Research

Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research

Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research

Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education

Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

Evaluating Federal Research Programs

The Arc of the Academic Research Career

The Arc of the Academic Research Career

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