Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Books

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

A new book from the National Research Council recommends changes in how the federal government evaluates the efficiency of research at EPA and other agencies. Assessing efficiency should be considered only one part of gauging a program's quality, relevance, and effectiveness. The efficiency of research processes and that of investments should be evaluated using different approaches. Investment efficiency should examine whether an agency's R&D portfolio, including the budget, is relevant, of high quality, matches the agency's strategic plan. These evaluations require panels of experts. In contrast, process efficiency should focus on "inputs" (the people, funds, and facilities dedicated to research) and "outputs" (the services, grants, publications, monitoring, and new techniques produced by research), as well as their timelines and should be evaluated using quantitative measures. The committee recommends that the efficiency of EPA's research programs be evaluated according to the same standards used at other agencies. To ensure this, OMB should train and oversee its budget examiners so that the PART questionnaire is implemented consistently and equitably across agencies.

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152

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309178193

ISBN 13

9780309178198

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Strengthening the US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory Enterprise: Phase 1 Priority Needs, Guiding Principles, and Overall Goals

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Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applies scientific results that have been provided by various parts of its own organization and by external organizations. The agency requires substantial high-quality inhouse scientific expertise and laboratory capabilities so that it can answer questions related to regulation, enforcement, and environmental effects of specific chemicals, activities, and processes. It is also usually faced with situations in which research or analytic work is time-critical, so it maintains dedicated laboratory staff and facilities that can respond quickly to such needs. In recent years, EPA has made several changes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its laboratories, such as the designation of national program directors to align the work of research laboratories with the needs of the agency's regulatory program offices. The agency is currently undertaking an integrated evaluation of it laboratories to enhance the management effectiveness and efficiency of its laboratory enterprise and to enhance its capabilities for research and other laboratory-based scientific and technical activities. The results of EPA's evaluation are expected to include options for colocation and consolidation of laboratory facilities. Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories assesses EPA's highest-priority needs for mission-relevant laboratory science and technical support, develops principles for the efficient and effective management of EPA's laboratory enterprise to meet the agency's mission needs and strategic goals, and develops guidance for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness now and during the next 10 years. EPA's laboratories play a vital role in the agency's work. The findings and recommendations of this report will help EPA to develop an implementation plan for the laboratory enterprise.

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247

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030931240X

ISBN 13

9780309312400

A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on the Review of Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Grants Program

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A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program

Environmental research has driven landmark improvements that led to the protection of human and ecosystem health. Recognizing the value of knowledge generated by environmental research and the ingenuity within academic and nonprofit institutions, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created a program known as Science to Achieve Results, or STAR, in 1995. STAR is EPA's primary competitive extramural grants program. A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program assesses the program's scientific merit, public benefits, and overall contributions in the context of other relevant research and recommends ways to enhance those aspects of the program. This report also considers the conclusions and recommendations of a prior National Research Council review of the STAR program (2003), the STAR program's research priorities in light of the nation's environmental challenges, and the effects of recent STAR funding trends on obtaining scientific information needed to protect public health and the environment.

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114

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309458609

ISBN 13

9780309458603

Support for Forensic Science Research

Improving the Scientific Role of the National Institute of Justice

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Strengthening Forensic Science at the National Institute of Justice

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Support for Forensic Science Research

Improving the Scientific Role of the National Institute of Justice

Reliable and valid forensic science analytic techniques are critical to a credible, fair, and evidence-based criminal justice system. There is widespread agreement that the scientific foundation of some currently available forensic science methods needs strengthening and that additional, more efficient techniques are urgently needed. These needs can only be met through sustained research programs explicitly designed to ensure and improve the reliability and validity of current methods and to foster the development and use of new and better techniques. This task is challenging due to the broad nature of the field. Concerns have been raised repeatedly about the ability of the criminal justice system to collect and analyze evidence efficiently and to be fair in its verdicts. Although significant progress has been made in some forensic science disciplines, the forensic science community still faces many challenges. Federal leadership, particularly in regard to research and the scientific validation of forensic science methods, is needed to help meet the pressing issues facing state and local jurisdictions. This report reviews the progress made by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to advance forensic science research since the 2009 report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward and the 2010 report, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice. Support for Forensic Science Research examines the ways in which NIJ develops its forensic science research priorities and communicates those priorities as well as its findings to the scientific and forensic practitioner communities in order to determine the impact of NIJ forensic science research programs and how that impact can be enhanced.

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150

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309376483

ISBN 13

9780309376488

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309178193

ISBN 13

9780309178198

Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee for Review of the Federal Strategy to Address Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials

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Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research

This new book from the National Research Council finds serious weaknesses in the government's plan for research on the potential health and environmental risks posed by nanomaterials, which are increasingly being used in consumer goods and industry. An effective national plan for identifying and managing potential risks is essential to the successful development and public acceptance of nanotechnology-enabled products. The book recommends a robust national strategic plan for addressing nanotechnology-related EHS risks, which will need to focus on promoting research that can assist all stakeholders, including federal agencies, in planning, controlling, and optimizing the use of engineered nanomaterials while minimizing EHS effects of concern to society. Such a plan will ensure the timely development of engineered nanoscale materials that will bring about great improvements in the nation's health, its environmental quality, its economy, and its security.

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130

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309116996

ISBN 13

9780309116992

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

By: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.),National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

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Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Introduction: The government performance and results act, the program assessment rating tool, and the Environmental Protection Agency -- Efficiency metrics used by the Environmental Protection Agency and other federal research and development programs -- Are the efficiency metrics used by the federal research and development programs sufficient and outcome-based? -- A model for evaluating research and development programs -- Findings, principles, and recommendations -- Appendices -- Boxes, figures and tables.

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156

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ISBN 10

0309116848

ISBN 13

9780309116848

Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase Two)

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Prospective Benefits of DOE's Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy R&D Programs (Phase Two)

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Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase Two)

Since its inception in 1977 from an amalgam of federal authorities, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has administered numerous programs aimed at developing applied energy technologies. In recent years, federal oversight of public expenditures has emphasized the integration of performance and budgeting. Notably, the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) was passed in 1993 in response to questions about the value and effectiveness of federal programs. GPRA and other mandates have led agencies to develop indicators of program performance and program outcomes. The development of indicators has been watched with keen interest by Congress, which has requested of the National Research Council (NRC) a series of reports using quantitative indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of applied energy research and development (R&D). The first such report took a retrospective view of the first 3 years of DOE R&D programs on fossil energy and energy efficiency. The report found that DOE-sponsored research had netted large commercial successes, such as advanced refrigerator compressors, electronic lighting ballasts, and emission control technology for flue gas desulfurization. However, some programs were judged to be costly failures in which large R&D expenditures did not result in a commercial energy technology. A follow-up NRC committee was assigned the task of adapting the methodology to the assessment of the future payoff of continuing programs. Evaluating the outcome of R&D expenditures requires an analysis of program costs and benefits. Doing so is not a trivial matter. First, the analysis of costs and benefits must reflect the full range of public benefits that are envisioned, accounting for environmental and energy security impacts as well as economic effects. Second, the analysis must consider how likely the research is to succeed and how valuable the research will be if successful. Finally, the analysis must consider what might happen if the government did not support the project: Would some non-DOE entity undertake it or an equivalent activity that would produce some or all of the benefits of government involvement? This second report continues to investigate the development and use of R&D outcome indicators and applies the benefits evaluation methodology to six DOE R&D activities. It provides further definition for the development of indicators for environmental and security benefits and refines the evaluation process based on its experience with the six DOE R&D case studies.

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233

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030910467X

ISBN 13

9780309104678

Regulating Pesticides

By: Environmental Studies Board,Commission on Natural Resources,Committee on Prototype Explicit Analyses for Pesticides

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Regulating Pesticides

By: Environmental Studies Board,Commission on Natural Resources,Committee on Prototype Explicit Analyses for Pesticides

Selecting and scheduling compounds for assessment. Risk assessment: hazards to human health - risk to structures, materials and crops - overall assessment of risks. Benefit assessment: analysis of pesticide productivity - estimating changes in pest controal costs - economic evaluation of productivity and costs effects. Evaluation of the regulatory options: weighing the risks and benefits. Application to chlorobenzilate.

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303

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309029465

ISBN 13

9780309029469

Science for Environmental Protection

The Road Ahead

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Science for EPA's Future

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Science for Environmental Protection

The Road Ahead

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Science for EPA's Future

In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates.

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188

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309264898

ISBN 13

9780309264891

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

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Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

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030931240X

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9780309312400

Book's by Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program

A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program

Support for Forensic Science Research

Support for Forensic Science Research

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research

Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase Two)

Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase Two)

Regulating Pesticides

Regulating Pesticides

Science for Environmental Protection

Science for Environmental Protection

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories

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