Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health's Books

Emerging Infections

Microbial Threats to Health in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health

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Emerging Infections

Microbial Threats to Health in the United States

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health

The emergence of HIV disease and AIDS, the reemergence of tuberculosis, and the increased opportunity for disease spread through international travel demonstrate the critical importance of global vigilance for infectious diseases. This volume highlights risk factors for the emergence of microbial threats to health, warns against complacency in public health, and promotes early prevention as a cost-effective and crucial strategy for maintaining public health in the United States and worldwide. The volume identifies infectious disease threats posed by bacteria and viruses, as well as protozoans, helminths, and fungi. Rich in information, it includes a historical perspective on infectious disease, with focuses on Lyme disease, peptic ulcer, malaria, dengue, and recent increases in tuberculosis. The panel discusses how "new" diseases arise and how "old" ones resurge and considers the roles of human demographics and behavior, technology and industry, economic development and land use, international travel and commerce, microbial adaptation and change, and breakdown of public health measures in changing patterns of infectious disease. Also included are discussions and recommendations on disease surveillance; vaccine, drug, and pesticide development; vector control; public education and behavioral change; research and training; and strengthening of the U.S. public health system. This volume will be of immediate interest to scientists specializing in all areas of infectious diseases and microbiology, healthy policy specialists, public health officials, physicians, and medical faculty and students, as well as anyone interested in how their health can be threatened by infectious diseases.

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Page Count

309

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309047412

ISBN 13

9780309047418

Microbial Threats to Health

Emergence, Detection, and Response

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century

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Microbial Threats to Health

Emergence, Detection, and Response

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century

Infectious diseases are a global hazard that puts every nation and every person at risk. The recent SARS outbreak is a prime example. Knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, microbial pathogens constitute a grave threat to the health of humans. Indeed, a majority of countries recently identified the spread of infectious disease as the greatest global problem they confront. Throughout history, humans have struggled to control both the causes and consequences of infectious diseases and we will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Following up on a high-profile 1992 report from the Institute of Medicine, Microbial Threats to Health examines the current state of knowledge and policy pertaining to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from around the globe. It examines the spectrum of microbial threats, factors in disease emergence, and the ultimate capacity of the United States to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats to human health. From the impact of war or technology on disease emergence to the development of enhanced disease surveillance and vaccine strategies, Microbial Threats to Health contains valuable information for researchers, students, health care providers, policymakers, public health officials. and the interested public.

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Page Count

398

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309278759

ISBN 13

9780309278751

Microbial Threats to Health

Emergence, Detection, and Response

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century

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Microbial Threats to Health

Emergence, Detection, and Response

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century

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398

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908864X

ISBN 13

9780309088640

Malaria

Obstacles and Opportunities

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control

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Malaria

Obstacles and Opportunities

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control

Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.

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Page Count

312

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309045274

ISBN 13

9780309045278

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

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Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons. The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs.

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Page Count

152

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309219094

ISBN 13

9780309219099

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Current Issues and Controversies

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Current Issues and Controversies

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

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Page Count

115

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309458919

ISBN 13

9780309458917

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

By: Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Institute of Medicine

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Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

By: Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Institute of Medicine

Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

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Page Count

723

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309556961

ISBN 13

9780309556965

Book's by Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health

Emerging Infections

Emerging Infections

Microbial Threats to Health

Microbial Threats to Health

Microbial Threats to Health

Microbial Threats to Health

Malaria

Malaria

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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