Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA's Books

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

By: Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

By: Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are responsible for protecting species that are listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and for protecting habitats that are critical for their survival. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for registering or reregistering pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and must ensure that pesticide use does not cause any unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, which is interpreted to include listed species and their critical habitats. The agencies have developed their own approaches to evaluating environmental risk, and their approaches differ because their legal mandates, responsibilities, institutional cultures, and expertise differ. Over the years, the agencies have tried to resolve their differences but have been unsuccessful in reaching a consensus regarding their assessment approaches. As a result, FWS, NMFS, EPA, and the US Department of Agriculture asked the National Research Council (NRC) to examine scientific and technical issues related to determining risks posed to listed species by pesticides. Specifically, the NRC was asked to evaluate methods for identifying the best scientific data available; to evaluate approaches for developing modeling assumptions; to identify authoritative geospatial information that might be used in risk assessments; to review approaches for characterizing sublethal, indirect, and cumulative effects; to assess the scientific information available for estimating effects of mixtures and inert ingredients; and to consider the use of uncertainty factors to account for gaps in data. Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides, which was prepared by the NRC Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment under FIFRA and ESA, is the response to that request.

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195

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309285844

ISBN 13

9780309285841

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA

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Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA

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195

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309285860

ISBN 13

9780309285865

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades

The Sixth Biennial Review - 2016

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress

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Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades

The Sixth Biennial Review - 2016

The Everglades ecosystem is vast, stretching more than 200 miles from Orlando to Florida Bay, and Everglades National Park is but a part located at the southern end. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the historical Everglades has been reduced to half of its original size, and what remains is not the pristine ecosystem many image it to be, but one that has been highly engineered and otherwise heavily influenced, and is intensely managed by humans. Rather than slowly flowing southward in a broad river of grass, water moves through a maze of canals, levees, pump stations, and hydraulic control structures, and a substantial fraction is diverted from the natural system to meet water supply and flood control needs. The water that remains is polluted by phosphorus and other contaminants originating from agriculture and other human activities. Many components of the natural system are highly degraded and continue to degrade. Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades is the sixth biennial review of progress made in meeting the goals of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). This complex, multibillion-dollar project to protect and restore the remaining Everglades has a 30-40 year timeline. This report assesses progress made in the various separate project components and discusses specific scientific and engineering issues that may impact further progress. According to Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades, a dedicated source of funding could provide ongoing long-term system-wide monitoring and assessment that is critical to meeting restoration objectives. This report examines the implications of knowledge gained and changes in widely accepted scientific understanding regarding pre-drainage hydrology, climate change, and the feasibility of water storage since the CERP was developed.

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Page Count

265

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030945090X

ISBN 13

9780309450904

Issues in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology

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Issues in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology

The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume. The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures. The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

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Page Count

375

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309047862

ISBN 13

9780309047869

Science and Decisions:

Advancing Risk Assessment

By: Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Science and Decisions:

Advancing Risk Assessment

By: Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

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Page Count

424

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309388147

ISBN 13

9780309388146

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

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Page Count

668

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030904894X

ISBN 13

9780309048941

Risk Assessment in the Federal Government

Managing the Process

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health

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Risk Assessment in the Federal Government

Managing the Process

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health

The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.

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Page Count

206

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309033497

ISBN 13

9780309033497

Book's by Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades

Issues in Risk Assessment

Issues in Risk Assessment

Science and Decisions:

Science and Decisions:

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment in the Federal Government

Risk Assessment in the Federal Government

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