Committee on Disability Determination for Individuals with Visual Impairments's Books

Visual Impairments

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Disability Determination for Individuals with Visual Impairments

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Visual Impairments

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

When children and adults apply for disability benefits and claim that a visual impairment has limited their ability to function, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) is required to determine their eligibility. To ensure that these determinations are made fairly and consistently, SSA has developed criteria for eligibility and a process for assessing each claimant against the criteria. Visual Impairments: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits examines SSA's methods of determining disability for people with visual impairments, recommends changes that could be made now to improve the process and the outcomes, and identifies research needed to develop improved methods for the future. The report assesses tests of visual function, including visual acuity and visual fields whether visual impairments could be measured directly through visual task performance or other means of assessing disability. These other means include job analysis databases, which include information on the importance of vision to job tasks or skills, and measures of health-related quality of life, which take a person-centered approach to assessing visual function testing of infants and children, which differs in important ways from standard adult tests.

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Page Count

369

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309083486

ISBN 13

9780309083485

Visual Impairments

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

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Visual Impairments

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

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369

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309083486

ISBN 13

9780309083485

Hearing Loss

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

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Hearing Loss

Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.

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321

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092965

ISBN 13

9780309092968

Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

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Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. To receive SSDI or SSI disability benefits, an individual must meet the statutory definition of disability, which is "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity [SGA] by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." SSA uses a five-step sequential process to determine whether an adult applicant meets this definition. Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities examines ways to collect information about an individual's physical and mental (cognitive and noncognitive) functional abilities relevant to work requirements. This report discusses the types of information that support findings of limitations in functional abilities relevant to work requirements, and provides findings and conclusions regarding the collection of information and assessment of functional abilities relevant to work requirements.

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445

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309489385

ISBN 13

9780309489386

Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with Disabilities

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Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with Disabilities

The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.

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161

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030946921X

ISBN 13

9780309469210

Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury

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Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) provides disability compensation to veterans with a service-connected injury, and to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), a veteran must submit a claim or have a claim submitted on his or her behalf. Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans reviews the process by which the VA assesses impairments resulting from traumatic brain injury for purposes of awarding disability compensation. This report also provides recommendations for legislative or administrative action for improving the adjudication of veterans' claims seeking entitlement to compensation for all impairments arising from a traumatic brain injury.

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211

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309486890

ISBN 13

9780309486897

Currency Features for Visually Impaired People

By: Committee on Currency Features Usable by the Visually Impaired,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,National Materials Advisory Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Currency Features for Visually Impaired People

The Committee on Currency Features for the Visually Impaired evaluated features that could be incorporated in the production of U.S. banknotes that would enable blind and visually disabled people to more easily determine the denomination of a banknote. This volume describes several features and the assessment methodology used to determine which features could be recommended for inclusion in the short term, which could be recommended for research and possible inclusion in future currency redesigns, and which features were impractical for use in U.S. banknotes. Also included is an outline of the various types of visual disabilities that impair an individual's ability to denominate banknotes. Recommended features and areas of research are described in detail. Banknote and other security document producers, and people interested in addressing needs and opportunities for visually disabled people in the United States will find this book useful.

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139

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309587700

ISBN 13

9780309587709

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Psychological Testing, Including Validity Testing, for Social Security Administration Disability Determinations

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Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Psychological Testing, Including Validity Testing, for Social Security Administration Disability Determinations

The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.

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Page Count

233

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309370930

ISBN 13

9780309370936

Improving the Social Security Disability Decision Process

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Improving the Disability Decision Process: SSA's Listing of Impairments and Agency Access to Medical Expertise

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Improving the Social Security Disability Decision Process

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Military and Veterans Health,Committee on Improving the Disability Decision Process: SSA's Listing of Impairments and Agency Access to Medical Expertise

The Social Security Administration (SSA) provides Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits to disabled persons of less than full retirement age and to their dependents. SSA also provides Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments to disabled persons who are under age 65. For both programs, disability is defined as a "medically determinable physical or mental impairment" that prevents an individual from engaging in any substantial gainful activity and is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. Assuming that an applicant meets the nonmedical requirements for eligibility (e.g., quarters of covered employment for SSDI; income and asset limits for SSI), the file is sent to the Disability Determination Services (DDS) agency operated by the state in which he or she lives for a determination of medical eligibility. SSA reimburses the states for the full costs of the DDSs. The DDSs apply a sequential decision process specified by SSA to make an initial decision whether a claim should be allowed or denied. If the claim is denied, the decision can be appealed through several levels of administrative and judicial review. On average, the DDSs allow 37 percent of the claims they adjudicate through the five-step process. A third of those denied decide to appeal, and three-quarters of the appeals result in allowances. Nearly 30 percent of the allowances made each year are made during the appeals process after an initial denial. In 2003, the Commissioner of Social Security announced her intent to develop a "new approach" to disability determination. In late 2004, SSA asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to help in two areas related to its initiatives to improve the disability decision process: 1) Improvements in the criteria for determining the severity of impairments, and 2) Improvements in the use of medical expertise in the disability decision process. This interim report provides preliminary recommendations addressing the three tasks that relate to medical expertise issues, with a special focus on the appropriate qualifications of medical and psychological experts involved in disability decision making. After further information gathering and analyses of the effectiveness of the disability decision process in identifying those who qualify for benefits and those who do not, the committee may refine its recommendations concerning medical and psychological expertise in the final report. The final report will address a number of issues with potential implications for the qualifications of the medical experts involved in the disability decision process.

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Page Count

290

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309178916

ISBN 13

9780309178914

Book's by Committee on Disability Determination for Individuals with Visual Impairments

Visual Impairments

Visual Impairments

Visual Impairments

Visual Impairments

Hearing Loss

Hearing Loss

Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities

Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans

Currency Features for Visually Impaired People

Currency Features for Visually Impaired People

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination

Improving the Social Security Disability Decision Process

Improving the Social Security Disability Decision Process

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