Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams's Books

Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization

Status and Research Needs

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams

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Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization

Status and Research Needs

In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.

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Page Count

257

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309483360

ISBN 13

9780309483360

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

A Research Agenda

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration

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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

A Research Agenda

To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

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Page Count

511

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309484529

ISBN 13

9780309484527

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

A Research Agenda

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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

A Research Agenda

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511

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309484529

ISBN 13

9780309484527

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Methods to Support International Climate Agreements

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Methods to Support International Climate Agreements

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.

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Page Count

124

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309152119

ISBN 13

9780309152112

Book's by Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams

Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization

Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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