Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime's Books

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime

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Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime

Every day, about 1,600 people are released from prisons in the United States. Of these 600,000 new releasees every year, about 480,000 are subject to parole or some other kind of postrelease supervision. Prison releasees represent a challenge, both to themselves and to the communities to which they return. Will the releasees see parole as an opportunity to be reintegrated into society, with jobs and homes and supportive families and friends? Or will they commit new crimes or violate the terms of their parole contracts? If so, will they be returned to prison or placed under more stringent community supervision? Will the communities to which they return see them as people to be reintegrated or people to be avoided? And, the institution of parole itself is challenged with three different functions: to facilitate reintegration for parolees who are ready for rehabilitation; to deter crime; and to apprehend those parolees who commit new crimes and return them to prison. In recent decades, policy makers, researchers, and program administrators have focused almost exclusively on "recidivism," which is essentially the failure of releasees to refrain from crime or stay out of prison. In contrast, for this study the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) of the U.S. Department of Justice asked the National Research Council to focus on "desistance," which broadly covers continued absence of criminal activity and requires reintegration into society. Specifically, the committee was asked (1) to consider the current state of parole practices, new and emerging models of community supervision, and what is necessary for successful reentry and (2) to provide a research agenda on the effects of community supervision on desistance from criminal activity, adherence to conditions of parole, and successful reentry into the community. To carry out its charge, the committee organized and held a workshop focused on traditional and new models of community supervision, the empirical underpinnings of such models, and the infrastructure necessary to support successful reentry. Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration also reviews the literature on desistance from crime, community supervision, and the evaluation research on selected types of intervention.

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114

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309179580

ISBN 13

9780309179584

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime

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Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime

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114

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National Academies Press

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0309179580

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9780309179584

Strengthening the National Institute of Justice

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Assessing the Research Program of the National Institute of Justice

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Strengthening the National Institute of Justice

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Assessing the Research Program of the National Institute of Justice

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the nation's primary resource for advancing scientific research, development, and evaluation on crime and crime control and the administration of justice in the United States. Headed by a presidentially appointed director, it is one of the major units in the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) of the U.S. Department of Justice. Under its authorizing legislation, NIJ awards grants and contracts to a variety of public and private organizations and individuals. At the request of NIJ, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice assesses the operations and quality of the full range of its programs. These include social science research, science and technology research and development, capacity building, and technology assistance. The book concludes that a federal research institute such as NIJ is vital to the nation's continuing efforts to control crime and administer justice. No other federal, state, local, or private organization can do what NIJ was created to do. Forty years ago, Congress envisioned a science agency dedicated to building knowledge to support crime prevention and control by developing a wide range of techniques for dealing with individual offenders, identifying injustices and biases in the administration of justice, and supporting more basic and operational research on crime and the criminal justice system and the involvement of the community in crime control efforts. As the embodiment of that vision, NIJ has accomplished a great deal. It has succeeded in developing a body of knowledge on such important topics as hot spots policing, violence against women, the role of firearms and drugs in crime, drug courts, and forensic DNA analysis. It has helped build the crime and justice research infrastructure. It has also widely disseminated the results of its research programs to help guide practice and policy. But its efforts have been severely hampered by a lack of independence, authority, and discretionary resources to carry out its mission.

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335

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309162947

ISBN 13

9780309162944

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

Opportunities to Improve Identification, Treatment, and Prevention

By: Institute of Medicine,National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Depression, Parenting Practices, and the Healthy Development of Children

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Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

Opportunities to Improve Identification, Treatment, and Prevention

Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

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489

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309145716

ISBN 13

9780309145718

HC 307 - Crime Reduction Policies: A Co-Ordinated Approach?

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee

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HC 307 - Crime Reduction Policies: A Co-Ordinated Approach?

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee

The Justice Committee believes The Treasury should seriously question whether taxpayers' money is used in ways most likely to reduce future crime and victimisation and must develop a longer term strategy for the use of resources tied up currently in the criminal justice system. All parts of the criminal justice system have had to cope with significant spending cuts, yet it appears that the Government has shied away from using the need to make those cuts to re-evaluate how and where money is spent. The Committee welcomes the development of various cross-Government initiatives to deal with the sources of crime, such as the Troubled Families Programme. But resources committed are tiny compared to the costs of crime to society. Each year: violent crime, 44% of which is alcohol related, costs almost £30 billion; crime perpetrated by people who had conduct problems in childhood costs around £60 billion; drug related crime costs £13.3 billion; anti-social behaviour related to alcohol abuse costs £11 billion. The costs of preventative investment further upstream are often relatively small yet the Committee's evidence highlights the clear benefits of collective ownership, pooled funding and joint priorities that have been facilitated by the shift of power in this field from Whitehall to local communities. The greatest problem identified by the Committee is the lack of rigorous assessment of where taxpayers' money can be most effectively spent in cutting crime. A more evidence-based approach is needed.

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220

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The Stationery Office

Published Date

ISBN 10

0215073193

ISBN 13

9780215073198

Draft sentencing guideline

overarching principles - sentencing youths, tenth report of session 2008-09, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee

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Draft sentencing guideline

overarching principles - sentencing youths, tenth report of session 2008-09, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence

By: Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee

The Committee considers that the "Overarching principles - sentencing youths" is a crucial sentencing guideline. It fills a critical gap, setting out for youth courts the basis upon which they should sentence offenders under the age of 18 - guidance which the youth courts have not previously had. The Committee's response highlights the key issues raised in evidence to it, for example, the apparent inconsistency in approaches to sentencing children, and a varied understanding among sentencers of the concept that custody should only ever be a "sentence of last resort" for young people. The Committee also stresses that courts should have access to information about a young offender's mental health, learning difficulties and communication problems to enable the most appropriate sentence to be imposed. The evidence the Committee took on this draft sentencing guideline highlighted key areas in relation to youth justice deserving of further scrutiny, such as the use of remand and provisions for offenders aged 18-24, and it will consider how to pursue these areas further in its work.

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The Stationery Office

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ISBN 10

0215540859

ISBN 13

9780215540850

Cutting Crime

The Case for Justice Reinvestment : First Report of Session 2009-10

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee

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Cutting Crime

The Case for Justice Reinvestment : First Report of Session 2009-10

By: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee

Incorporating HC 425-i-x, session 2007-08 and HC 54-i-iii, session 2008-09. For Vol. 1, see (ISBN 9780215543080)

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336

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The Stationery Office

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ISBN 10

0215543114

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9780215543110

Book's by Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration

Strengthening the National Institute of Justice

Strengthening the National Institute of Justice

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

HC 307 - Crime Reduction Policies: A Co-Ordinated Approach?

HC 307 - Crime Reduction Policies: A Co-Ordinated Approach?

Draft sentencing guideline

Draft sentencing guideline

Cutting Crime

Cutting Crime

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