Committee on Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations's Books

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Final Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

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Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Final Report

To determine whether the air quality inside armored-vehicle cabins can meet exposure guidelines under deployment conditions, the Army assessed possible synergistic toxic effects from potentially harmful substances. This book, the final of two reports on the subject from the National Research Council, addresses whether the approach discussed in the technical context section of the Army's proposed guidance is appropriate, or whether an alternative assessment method should be developed. Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations provides several conclusions and recommendations, including the use of alternative instrumentation for monitoring gas, conducting experiments on human subjects, and seeking advice from additional groups involved with personnel training and field deployment.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309178746

ISBN 13

9780309178747

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Initial Report

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Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Initial Report

In response to a request from the U.S. Army, a committee convened by the National Research Council (NRC) conducted the first in a sequence of studies evaluating the combined health effects of low-level exposure to two chemicals Army personnel are likely to be exposed to in firing tank weapons. The Army sought information on whether the two chemicals, hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, result in similar health impacts and should be assessed together when establishing exposure limits. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report finds that the biochemical health impacts of the chemicals are similar and that the Army's proposed approach to setting exposure limits is appropriate. Because previous research has focused on high exposures, this initial NRC report recommends that futher neurological studies at low concentrations of exposure to the chemicals be conducted.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309178681

ISBN 13

9780309178686

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

By: Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels,Committee on Toxicology,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

By: Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels,Committee on Toxicology,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Volume 15 identifies, reviews, and interprets relevant toxicologic and other scientific data for ethyl mercaptan, methyl mercaptan, phenyl mercaptan, tert-octyl mercaptan, lewisite, methyl isothiocyanate, and selected monoisocyanates in order to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for these high-priority, acutely toxic chemicals. AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits (exposure levels below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur) for the general public and are applicable to emergency exposures ranging from 10 minutes (min) to 8 h. Three level--AEGL-1, AEGL-2, and AEGL-3--are developed for each of five exposure periods (10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 8 h) and are distinguished by varying degrees of severity of toxic effects. This report will inform planning, response, and prevention in the community, the workplace, transportation, the military, and the remediation of Superfund sites.

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229

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309291232

ISBN 13

9780309291231

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 13

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 13

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

At the request of the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Research Council has reviewed the relevant scientific literature compiled by an expert panel and established Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for several chemicals. AEGLs represent exposure levels below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur and are useful in responding to emergencies, such as accidental or intentional chemical releases in community, workplace, transportation, and military settings, and for the remediation of contaminated sites. Three AEGLs are approved for each chemical, representing exposure levels that result in: 1) notable but reversible discomfort; 2) long-lasting health effects; and 3) life-threatening health impacts. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 13 includes AEGLs for boron trifluoride, bromoacetone, chloroacetone, hexafluoroacetone, perchloryl fluoride, piperidine, propargyl alcohol, trimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane, and trimethylbenzenes.

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293

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309290252

ISBN 13

9780309290258

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Volume 3

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Volume 3

U.S. Navy personnel who work on submarines are in an enclosed and isolated environment for days or weeks at a time when at sea. Unlike a typical work environment, they are potentially exposed to air contaminants 24 hours a day. To protect workers from potential adverse health effects due to those conditions, the U.S. Navy has established exposure guidance levels for a number of contaminants. The Navy asked a subcommittee of the National Research Council (NRC) to review, and develop when necessary, exposure guidance levels for specific contaminants. This volume, the third in a series, recommends 1-hour and 24-hour emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and 90-day continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) for acetaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, and propylene glycol dinitrate.

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190

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309143799

ISBN 13

9780309143790

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 20

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Volume 20

Extremely hazardous substances can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where these substances are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Volume 20 reviews and updates the technical support document on acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for selected chloroformates. This update focuses on establishing AEGL-3 values for n-propyl chloroformate and isopropyl chloroformate, but will also consider whether any new data are available that would affect the proposed values for the other 10 chloroformates. AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits (exposure levels below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur) for the general public and are applicable to emergency exposures ranging from 10 minutes (min) to 8 h. Three levels - AEGL-1, AEGL-2, and AEGL-3 - are developed for each of five exposure periods (10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 8 h) and are distinguished by varying degrees of severity of toxic effects. This report will inform planning, response, and prevention in the community, the workplace, transportation, the military, and the remediation of Superfund sites.

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195

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309449189

ISBN 13

9780309449182

Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee for Review of the DOD's Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

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Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Soldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War were exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other airborne pollutants. Their exposures were largely the result of daily windblown dust, dust storms, and smoke from oil fires. On returning from deployment, many veterans complained of persistent respiratory symptoms. With the renewed activity in the Middle East over the last few years, deployed military personnel are again exposed to dust storms and daily windblown dust in addition to other types of PM, such as diesel exhaust and particles from open-pit burning. On the basis of the high concentrations observed and concerns about the potential health effects, DOD designed and implemented a study to characterize and quantify the PM in the ambient environment at 15 sites in the Middle East. The endeavor is known as the DOD Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). The U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review the EPMSP report. In response, the present evaluation considers the potential acute and chronic health implications on the basis of information presented in the report. It also considers epidemiologic and health-surveillance data collected by the USACHPPM, to assess potential health implications for deployed personnel, and recommends methods for reducing or characterizing health risks.

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106

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154138

ISBN 13

9780309154130

Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

By: Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels,Committee on Toxicology,National Research Council

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Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

By: Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels,Committee on Toxicology,National Research Council

The present report is the committee's 19th interim report. It summarizes the committee's conclusions and recommendations for improving NAC's AEGL documents for the following chemicals and chemical classes: acrylonitrile, benzonitrile, boron tribromide, BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate), chloroarsenicals, chloroformates, bis-chloromethylether, chloromethylether, chlorosilanes (26 selected compounds), cyanogen, ethyl mercaptan, hexafluoroacetone, lewisites, mercury vapor, nitric acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetroxide, oleum, phenyl mercaptan, propargyl alcohol, selenium hexafluoride, silane, sulfer trioxide, sulfuric acid, tear gas, tert-octyl mercaptan, tetramethoxy silane, thionyl chloride, trimethoxysilane, trimethylbenzenes (1,2,4-; 1,2,5-;and 1,3,5-TMB), and vinyl chloride.

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218

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309187621

ISBN 13

9780309187626

Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database

By: Committee on the Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix (SEM) Database,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Institute of Medicine

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Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database

By: Committee on the Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix (SEM) Database,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Institute of Medicine

Beginning with the development of the atomic bomb during World War II, the United States continued to build nuclear weapons throughout the Cold War. Thousands of people mined and milled uranium, conducted research on nuclear warfare, or worked in nuclear munitions factories around the country from the 1940s through the 1980s. Such work continues today, albeit to a smaller extent. The Department of Energy (DOE) is now responsible for overseeing those sites and facilities, many of which were, and continue to be, run by government contractors. The materials used at those sites were varied and ranged from the benign to the toxic and highly radioactive. Workers at DOE facilities often did not know the identity of the materials with which they worked and often were unaware of health risks related to their use. In many instances, the work was considered top secret, and employees were cautioned not to reveal any work-related information to family or others. Workers could be exposed to both radioactive and nonradioactive toxic substances for weeks or even years. Consequently, some of the workers have developed health problems and continue to have concerns about potential health effects of their exposures to occupational hazards during their employment in the nuclear weapons industry. In response to the concerns expressed by workers and their representatives, DOL asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review the SEM database and its use of a particular database, Haz-Map, as the source of its toxic substance-occupational disease links. Accordingly, this IOM consensus report reflects careful consideration of its charge by the committee, and describes the strengths and shortcomings of both. To complete its task, IOM formed an ad hoc committee of experts in occupational medicine, toxicology, epidemiology, industrial hygiene, public health, and biostatistics to conduct an 18-month study to review the scientific rigor of the SEM database. The committee held two public meetings at which it heard from DOL Division of Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation (DEEOIC) representatives, the DOL contractor that developed the SEM database, the developer of the Haz-Map database, DOE worker advocacy groups, and several individual workers. The committee also submitted written questions to DOL to seek clarification of specific issues and received written responses from DEEOIC. The committee's report considers both the strengths and weaknesses of the SEM and the Haz-Map databases, recognizing that the latter was developed first and for a different purpose. The committee then discusses its findings and recommends improvements that could be made in both databases with a focus on enhancing the usability of SEM for both DOL claims examiners and for former DOE workers and their representatives. Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database summarizes the committee's findings.

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135

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309268702

ISBN 13

9780309268707

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

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Cities and Their Vital Systems

Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future

By: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society

Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.

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1298

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037867

ISBN 13

9780309037860

Book's by Committee on Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Combined Exposures to Hydrogen Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide in Army Operations

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals

Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report

Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database

Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database

Cities and Their Vital Systems

Cities and Their Vital Systems

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