Committee on Cesium Processing Alternatives for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site's Books

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

By: National Research Council,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on Cesium Processing Alternatives for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

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Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

The Second World War introduced the world to nuclear weapons and their consequences. Behind the scene of these nuclear weapons and an aspect of their consequences is radioactive waste. Radioactive waste has varying degrees of harmfulness and poses a problem when it comes to storage and disposal. Radioactive waste is usually kept below ground in varying containers, which depend on how radioactive the waste it. High-level radioactive waste (HLW) can be stored in underground carbon-steel tanks. However, radioactive waste must also be further immobilized to ensure our safety. There are several sites in the United States where high-level radioactive waste (HLW) are stored; including the Savannah River Site (SRS), established in 1950 to produce plutonium and tritium isotopes for defense purposes. In order to further immobilize the radioactive waste at this site an in-tank precipitation (ITP) process is utilized. Through this method, the sludge portion of the tank wastes is being removed and immobilized in borosilicate glass for eventual disposal in a geological repository. As a result, a highly alkaline salt, present in both liquid and solid forms, is produced. The salt contains cesium, strontium, actinides such as plutonium and neptunium, and other radionuclides. But is this the best method? The National Research Council (NRC) has empanelled a committee, at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), to provide an independent technical review of alternatives to the discontinued in-tank precipitation (ITP) process for treating the HLW stored in tanks at the SRS. Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah RIver Site summarizes the finding of the committee which sought to answer 4 questions including: "Was an appropriately comprehensive set of cesium partitioning alternatives identified and are there other alternatives that should be explored?" and "Are there significant barriers to the implementation of any of the preferred alternatives, taking into account their state of development and their ability to be integrated into the existing SRS HLW system?

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154

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309071941

ISBN 13

9780309071949

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Committee on Radionuclide Separation Processes for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

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Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is nearing a decision on how to process 30 million gallons of high-level radioactive waste salt solutions at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina to remove strontium, actinides, and cesium for immobilization in glass and eventual shipment to a geologic repository. The department is sponsoring research and development (R&D) work on four alternative processes and plans to use the results to make a downselection decision in a June 2001 time frame. The DOE requested that the National Research Council help inform this decision by addressing the following charge: evaluate the adequacy of the criteria that will be used by the department to select from among the candidate processes under consideration; evaluate the progress and results of the research and development work that is being undertaken on these candidate processes; and assess whether the technical uncertainties have been sufficiently resolved to proceed with downsizing the list of candidate processes. Responses to the last two points are provided in this report. Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site focuses exclusively on the technical issues related to the candidate processes for radionuclide removal from high-level waste salt solutions at SRS. The committee's interim report served as a response to the first point of this charge, and may be read in Appendix B. In that report, the committee found that DOE's proposed criteria are an acceptable basis for selecting among the candidate processes under consideration, but that the criteria should not be implemented in a way that relies on a single numerical "total score.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309075939

ISBN 13

9780309075930

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

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Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

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National Academies Press

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0309071941

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9780309071949

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

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Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

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National Academies Press

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0309075939

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9780309075930

Tank Wastes Planned for On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

The Savannah River Site: Interim Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Management of Certain Radioactive Waste Streams Stored in Tanks at Three Department of Energy Sites

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Tank Wastes Planned for On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

The Savannah River Site: Interim Report

In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) asked the National Academies to evaluate its plans for managing radioactive wastes from spent nuclear fuel at sites in Idaho, South Carolina, and Washington. This interim report evaluates storage facilities at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, with a particular focus on plans to seal the tanks with grouting. The report finds that tanks at the site do not necessarily need to be sealed shut as soon as the bulk of the waste has been removed. Postponing permanent closure buys more time for the development and application of emerging technologies to remove and better immobilize residual waste, without increasing risks to the environment or delaying final closure of the "tank farms." The report also recommends alternatives to address the lack of tank space at the site, as well as the need for focused R&D activities to reduce the amount and improve the immobilization of residual waste in the tanks and to test some of the assumptions used in evaulating long-term risks at the site.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309181747

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9780309181747

Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Defense Environmental Cleanup Program

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Defense Environmental Cleanup Program

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Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Defense Environmental Cleanup Program

The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2017 contained a request for a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine review and assessment of science and technology development efforts within the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM). This technical report is the result of the review and presents findings and recommendations.

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123

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309487781

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9780309487788

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Final Report

DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.

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214

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309101700

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9780309101707

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

By: Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.

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105

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309592259

ISBN 13

9780309592253

Book's by Committee on Cesium Processing Alternatives for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site

Tank Wastes Planned for On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Tank Wastes Planned for On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Defense Environmental Cleanup Program

Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Defense Environmental Cleanup Program

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

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