Committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas's Books

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

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Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

The regulation of carbon monoxide has been one of the great success stories in air pollution control. While more than 90 percent of the locations with carbon monoxide monitors were in violation in 1971, today the number of monitors showing violations has fallen to only a few, on a small number of days and mainly in areas with unique meteorological and topographical conditions.

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218

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089239

ISBN 13

9780309089234

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

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Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

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218

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089239

ISBN 13

9780309089234

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Interim Report

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The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Interim Report

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic air pollutant produced largely from vehicle emissions. Breathing CO at high concentrations leads to reduced oxygen transport by hemoglobin, which has health effects that include impaired reaction timing, headaches, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, clouding of consciousness, coma, and, at high enough concentrations and long enough exposure, death. In recognition of those health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as directed by the Clean Air Act, established the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO in 1971. Most areas that were previously designated as "nonattainment" areas have come into compliance with the NAAQS for CO, but some locations still have difficulty in attaining the CO standards. Those locations tend to have topographical or meteorological characteristics that exacerbate pollution. In view of the challenges posed for some areas to attain compliance with the NAAQS for CO, congress asked the National Research Council to investigate the problem of CO in areas with meteorological and topographical problems. This interim report deals specifically with Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks was chosen as a case study because its meteorological and topographical characteristics make it susceptible to severe winter inversions that trap CO and other pollutants at ground level.

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158

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309182751

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9780309182751

Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earth's history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.

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223

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309095069

ISBN 13

9780309095068

Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2008

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Seventh Biennial Update)

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Veterans and Agent Orange

Update 2008

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Seventh Biennial Update)

From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of U.S. base camps and outlying fire-support bases. In response to concerns and continuing uncertainty about the long-term health effects of the sprayed herbicides on Vietnam veterans, Veterans and Agent Orange provides a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam. The 2008 report is the eighth volume in this series of biennial updates. It will be of interest to policy makers and physicians in the federal government, veterans and their families, veterans' organizations, researchers, and health professionals.

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707

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309147921

ISBN 13

9780309147927

Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

Workshop Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

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Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

Workshop Report

It is widely understood that stem cell treatments have the potential to revolutionize medicine. Because of this potential, in 2004 California voters approved Proposition 71 to set up a 10-year, $3 billion program to fund research on stem cells. Under the direction of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, this program will pay to build facilities for stem cell research and will fund doctors and scientists to carry out research with the ultimate goal of helping to develop therapies based on stem cells. For this research to move forward, however, will require a steady supply of stem cells, particularly human embryonic stem cells. Those stem cells are collected from developing human embryos created from eggs-or oocytes-harvested from the ovaries of female donors. Thus much of the promise of stem cells depends on women choosing to donate oocytes to the research effort. The oocyte donation process is not without risk, however. Donors are given doses of hormones to trigger the production of more eggs than would normally be produced, and this hormone treatment can have various side effects. Once the eggs have matured in the ovary, they must be retrieved via a surgical procedure that is typically performed under anesthesia, and both the surgery and the anesthesia carry their own risks. Furthermore, given the very personal nature of egg donation, the experience may carry psychological risks for some women as well. With this in mind, in 2006 the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine contracted with the National Academies to organize a workshop that would bring together experts from various areas to speak about the potential risks of oocyte donation and to summarize what is known and what needs to be known about this topic. The Committee on Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research was formed to plan the workshop, which was held in San Francisco on September 28, 2006. This report is a summary and synthesis of that workshop.

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112

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030910355X

ISBN 13

9780309103558

Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Transportation Research Board,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Childhood Obesity Prevention Actions for Local Governments

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Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity

The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.

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107

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309139279

ISBN 13

9780309139274

Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

A Review of the Final U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee to Review the U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

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Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

A Review of the Final U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

The report reviews a draft strategic plan from the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, a program formed in 2002 to coordinate and direct U.S. efforts in climate change and global change research. The U.S. Climate Change Science Program incorporates the decade-old Global Change Research Program and adds a new component -the Climate Change Research Initiative-whose primary goal is to "measurably improve the integration of scientific knowledge, including measures of uncertainty, into effective decision support systems and resources.

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109

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088658

ISBN 13

9780309088657

Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry

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Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry

Military operations produce a great deal of trash in an environment where standard waste management practices may be subordinated to more pressing concerns. As a result, ground forces have long relied on incineration in open-air pits as a means of getting rid of refuse. Concerns over possible adverse effects of exposure to smoke from trash burning in the theater were first expressed in the wake of the 1990â€"1991 Gulf War and stimulated a series of studies that indicated that exposures to smoke from oil-well fires and from other combustion sources, including waste burning, were stressors for troops. In January 2013, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain a registry for service members who may have been exposed to toxic airborne chemicals and fumes generated by open burn pits. Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry analyzes the initial months of data collected by the registry and offers recommendations on ways to improve the instrument and best use the information it collects. This report assesses the effectiveness of the VA's information gathering efforts and provides recommendations for addressing the future medical needs of the affected groups, and provides recommendations on collecting, maintaining, and monitoring information collected by the VA's Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry.

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253

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309451205

ISBN 13

9780309451208

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Interim Report

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The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Interim Report

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Page Count

158

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National Academies Press

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0309182751

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9780309182751

Book's by Committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

Veterans and Agent Orange

Veterans and Agent Orange

Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research

Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity

Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity

Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry

Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

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