Committee on Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology Research and Development Ecosystem's Books

Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem

Retaining Leadership in an Increasingly Global Environment

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology Research and Development Ecosystem

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Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem

Retaining Leadership in an Increasingly Global Environment

The U.S. information technology (IT) research and development (R&D) ecosystem was the envy of the world in 1995. However, this position of leadership is not a birthright, and it is now under pressure. In recent years, the rapid globalization of markets, labor pools, and capital flows have encouraged many strong national competitors. During the same period, national policies have not sufficiently buttressed the ecosystem, or have generated side effects that have reduced its effectiveness. As a result, the U.S. position in IT leadership today has materially eroded compared with that of prior decades, and the nation risks ceding IT leadership to other nations within a generation. Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem calls for a recommitment to providing the resources needed to fuel U.S. IT innovation, to removing important roadblocks that reduce the ecosystem's effectiveness in generating innovation and the fruits of innovation, and to becoming a lead innovator and user of IT. The book examines these issues and makes recommendations to strengthen the U.S. IT R&D ecosystem.

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204

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309118824

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9780309118828

Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)-continue to grow in size and importance. In 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the "tire tracks" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue. Used in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. Continuing Innovation in Information Technology includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports.

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0309259622

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9780309259620

Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem

Retaining Leadership in an Increasingly Global Environment

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Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem

Retaining Leadership in an Increasingly Global Environment

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0309118824

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9780309118828

Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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0309259622

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9780309259620

Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Panel on Artificial Intelligence,Committee on Depicting Innovation in Information Technology

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Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow in size and importance. ITâ€™s impacts on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow. IT enabled innovation and advances in IT products and services draw on a deep tradition of research and rely on sustained investment and a uniquely strong partnership in the United States among government, industry, and universities. Past returns on federal investments in IT research have been extraordinary for both U.S. society and the U.S. economy. This IT innovation ecosystem fuels a virtuous cycle of innovation with growing economic impact. Building on previous National Academies work, this report describes key features of the IT research ecosystem that fuel IT innovation and foster widespread and longstanding impact across the U.S. economy. In addition to presenting established computing research areas and industry sectors, it also considers emerging candidates in both categories.

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148

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309684234

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9780309684231

Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

Workshop Report

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

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Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

Workshop Report

The 2012 National Research Council report Continuing Innovation in Information Technology illustrates how fundamental research in information technology (IT), conducted at industry and universities, has led to the introduction of entirely new product categories that ultimately became billion-dollar industries. The central graphic from that report portrays and connects areas of major investment in basic research, university-based research, and industry research and development; the introduction of important commercial products resulting from this research; billion-dollar-plus industries stemming from it; and present-day IT market segments and representative U.S. firms whose creation was stimulated by the decades-long research. At a workshop hosted by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board on March 5, 2015, leading academic and industry researchers and industrial technologists described key research and development results and their contributions and connections to new IT products and industries, and illustrated these developments as overlays to the 2012 "tire tracks" graphic. The principal goal of the workshop was to collect and make available to policy makers and members of the IT community first-person narratives that illustrate the link between government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new IT industries. This report provides summaries of the workshop presentations organized into five broad themes - (1) fueling the innovation pipeline, (2) building a connected world, (3) advancing the hardware foundation, (4) developing smart machines, and (5) people and computers - and ends with a summary of remarks from the concluding panel discussion.

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101

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030943727X

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9780309437271

Summary of a Workshop on Software-Intensive Systems and Uncertainty at Scale

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Advancing Software-Intensive Systems Producibility

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Summary of a Workshop on Software-Intensive Systems and Uncertainty at Scale

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Advancing Software-Intensive Systems Producibility

The growing scale and complexity of software-intensive systems are introducing fundamental new challenges of uncertainty and scale that are particularly demanding for defense systems. To assist in meeting these challenges, the Department of Defense asked the NRC to assess the nature of U.S. national investment in software research. As part of this study, a workshop was held to examine uncertainty at scale in current and future software-intensive systems. This report presents a summary of the workshop discussions that centered on process, architecture, and the grand scale; DoD software challenges for future systems; agility at scale; quality and assurance with scale and uncertainty; and enterprise scale and beyond. The report also offers a summary of key themes emerging from the workshop: architectural challenges in large-scale systems; the need for software engineering capability; and open questions and research opportunities.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309108446

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9780309108447

Critical Code

Software Producibility for Defense

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee for Advancing Software-Intensive Systems Producibility

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Critical Code

Software Producibility for Defense

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee for Advancing Software-Intensive Systems Producibility

Critical Code contemplates Department of Defense (DoD) needs and priorities for software research and suggests a research agenda and related actions. Building on two prior booksâ€"Summary of a Workshop on Software Intensive Systems and Uncertainty at Scale and Preliminary Observations on DoD Software Research Needs and Prioritiesâ€"the present volume assesses the nature of the national investment in software research and, in particular, considers ways to revitalize the knowledge base needed to design, produce, and employ software-intensive systems for tomorrow's defense needs. Critical Code discusses four sets of questions: To what extent is software capability significant for the DoD? Is it becoming more or less significant and strategic in systems development? Will the advances in software producibility needed by the DoD emerge unaided from industry at a pace sufficient to meet evolving defense requirements? What are the opportunities for the DoD to make more effective use of emerging technology to improve software capability and software producibility? In which technology areas should the DoD invest in research to advance defense software capability and producibility?

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160

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309159482

ISBN 13

9780309159487

Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

By: Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology

The tremendous growth in use of information technology (IT) has led to an increased interest in understanding its social and economic impacts. This book presents examples of crosscutting research that has been conducted to understand the impact of information technology on personal, community, and business activities. It explores ways in which the use of methodology from economics and social sciences contributes to important advances in understanding these impacts. The book discusses significant research issues and concerns and suggests approaches for fostering increased interdisciplinary research on the impacts of information technology and making the results of this research more accessible to the public and policymakers. This volume is expected to influence funding priorities and levels of support for interdisciplinary research of this kind.

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227

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309521750

ISBN 13

9780309521758

Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-Government

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Computing and Communications Research to Enable Better Use of Information Technology in Government

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Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-Government

Governments have done much to leverage information technology to deploy e-government services, but much work remains before the vision of e-government can be fully realized. Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-government examines the emerging visions for e-government, the technologies required to implement them, and approaches that can be taken to accelerate innovation and the transition of innovative information technologies from the laboratory to operational government systems. In many cases, government can follow the private sector in designing and implementing IT-based services. But there are a number of areas where government requirements differ from those in the commercial world, and in these areas government will need to act on its role as a "demand leader." Although researchers and government agencies may appear to by unlikely allies in this endeavor, both groups have a shared interest in innovation and meeting future needs. E-government innovation will require addressing a broad array of issues, including organization and policy as well as engineering practice and technology research and development, and each of these issues is considered in the book.

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166

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309169623

ISBN 13

9780309169622

Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

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Information Technology Innovation

Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact

Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow in size and importance. ITâ€™s impacts on the U.S. economyâ€"both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)â€"continue to grow. IT enabled innovation and advances in IT products and services draw on a deep tradition of research and rely on sustained investment and a uniquely strong partnership in the United States among government, industry, and universities. Past returns on federal investments in IT research have been extraordinary for both U.S. society and the U.S. economy. This IT innovation ecosystem fuels a virtuous cycle of innovation with growing economic impact. Building on previous National Academies work, this report describes key features of the IT research ecosystem that fuel IT innovation and foster widespread and longstanding impact across the U.S. economy. In addition to presenting established computing research areas and industry sectors, it also considers emerging candidates in both categories.

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148

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National Academies Press

Published Date

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0309684234

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9780309684231

Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

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Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

Information technology has been touted as a boon for productivity, but measuring the benefits has been difficult. This volume examines what macroeconomic data do and do not show about the impact of information technology on service-sector productivity. This book assesses the ways in which different service firms have selected and implemented information technology, examining the impact of different management actions and styles on the perceived benefits of information technology in services.

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286

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048761

ISBN 13

9780309048767

Computing Research for Sustainability

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability

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Computing Research for Sustainability

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability

A broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT. The focus of Computing Research for Sustainability is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. Computing Research for Sustainability focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability.

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172

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309257611

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9780309257619

Making IT Better

Expanding Information Technology Research to Meet Society's Needs

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Information Technology Research in a Competitive World

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Making IT Better

Expanding Information Technology Research to Meet Society's Needs

The flood of information technology (I.T.) products and services entering the market place often obscures the need to nurture the research enterprise. But as I.T. becomes integrated into all aspects of society, the need for research is even greater. And the range of issues that need to be addressed is broader than ever. This new book highlights the fundamental importance of research to ensure that I.T. meets society's expanding needs. Against the background of dramatic change in the I.T. landscape, the committee examines four key questions: Is the scope of I.T. research broad enough-particularly in the arena of large-scale systems-to address government, business, and social applications? Are government and industrial sponsors providing sufficient funding for I.T. research? Is the research net big both big and diverse enough to capture sufficient financial and intellectual resources to advance the field? Are structures and mechanisms for funding and conducting research suited to the new sets of research challenges?

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276

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309069912

ISBN 13

9780309069915

Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

Workshop Report

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Continuing Innovation in Information Technology

Workshop Report

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101

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309437245

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9780309437240

Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce

Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Information Technology, Automation, and the U.S. Workforce

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Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce

Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

Recent years have yielded significant advances in computing and communication technologies, with profound impacts on society. Technology is transforming the way we work, play, and interact with others. From these technological capabilities, new industries, organizational forms, and business models are emerging. Technological advances can create enormous economic and other benefits, but can also lead to significant changes for workers. IT and automation can change the way work is conducted, by augmenting or replacing workers in specific tasks. This can shift the demand for some types of human labor, eliminating some jobs and creating new ones. Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce explores the interactions between technological, economic, and societal trends and identifies possible near-term developments for work. This report emphasizes the need to understand and track these trends and develop strategies to inform, prepare for, and respond to changes in the labor market. It offers evaluations of what is known, notes open questions to be addressed, and identifies promising research pathways moving forward.

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199

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309454050

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9780309454056

The Science of Regional and Global Change

Putting Knowledge to Work

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Policy Division,Committee on Global Change Research

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The Science of Regional and Global Change

Putting Knowledge to Work

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Policy Division,Committee on Global Change Research

This report is intended to promote a dialogue between the scientific community and the government officials who will lead our nation in the coming years on global change research. The first section of the report is a brief description of the challenges and proposed responses needed from the highest levels of the government and the second provides more detailed discussion and is directed to agency-level issues and responses. The last section is a detailed bibliography that lists many of the specific reports on which the views outlined here are ultimately based.

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0309073278

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9780309073271

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