Committee on Advancing Social and Behavioral Science Research and Application Within the Weather Enterprise's Books

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Advancing Social and Behavioral Science Research and Application Within the Weather Enterprise

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Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Our ability to observe and forecast severe weather events has improved markedly over the past few decades. Forecasts of snow and ice storms, hurricanes and storm surge, extreme heat, and other severe weather events are made with greater accuracy, geographic specificity, and lead time to allow people and communities to take appropriate protective measures. Yet hazardous weather continues to cause loss of life and result in other preventable social costs. There is growing recognition that a host of social and behavioral factors affect how we prepare for, observe, predict, respond to, and are impacted by weather hazards. For example, an individual's response to a severe weather event may depend on their understanding of the forecast, prior experience with severe weather, concerns about their other family members or property, their capacity to take the recommended protective actions, and numerous other factors. Indeed, it is these factors that can determine whether or not a potential hazard becomes an actual disaster. Thus, it is essential to bring to bear expertise in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS)â€"including disciplines such as anthropology, communication, demography, economics, geography, political science, psychology, and sociologyâ€"to understand how people's knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and attitudes shape their responses to weather risks and to understand how human cognitive and social dynamics affect the forecast process itself. Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise explores and provides guidance on the challenges of integrating social and behavioral sciences within the weather enterprise. It assesses current SBS activities, describes the potential value of improved integration of SBS and barriers that impede this integration, develops a research agenda, and identifies infrastructural and institutional arrangements for successfully pursuing SBS-weather research and the transfer of relevant findings to operational settings.

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199

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309464250

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9780309464253

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

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Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

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National Academies Press

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0309464250

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9780309464253

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.): Committee on Advancing Social and Behavioral Research and Application Within the Weather Enterprise,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Advancing Social and Behavioral Science Research and Application within the Weather Enterprise,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Board on Environmental Change and Society

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Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

How production and dissemination of weather forecasts weaves through and interacts with our cultural values and behavioral norms, with numerous sectors of our economy (e.g., agriculture, commerce, energy, and water management), with a wide array of public policies. The Committee was charged to offer guidance to government agencies and other institutions in the weather enterprise, on strategies for effectively integrating social and behavorial science knowledge and it application into meteorology, weather forecasting, and hazard preparedness.

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182

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ISBN 10

0309464234

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9780309464239

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule

Perspectives of Social and Behavioral Scientists: Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

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Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule

Perspectives of Social and Behavioral Scientists: Workshop Summary

On July 26, 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) with the purpose of soliciting comments on how current regulations for protecting research participants could be modernized and revised. The rationale for revising the regulations was as follows: this ANPRM seeks comment on how to better protect human subjects who are involved in research, while facilitating valuable research and reducing burden, delay, and ambiguity for investigators. The current regulations governing human subjects research were developed years ago when research was predominantly conducted at universities, colleges, and medical institutions, and each study generally took place at only a single site. Although the regulations have been amended over the years, they have not kept pace with the evolving human research enterprise, the proliferation of multisite clinical trials and observational studies, the expansion of health services research, research in the social and behavioral sciences, and research involving databases, the Internet, and biological specimen repositories, and the use of advanced technologies, such as genomics. Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule: Perspectives of Social and Behavioral Scientists: Workshop Summary focuses on six broad topic areas: 1. Evidence on the functioning of the Common Rule and of institutional review boards (IRBs), to provide context for the proposed revisions. 2. The types and levels of risks and harms encountered in social and behavioral sciences, and issues related to the severity and probability of harm, because the ANPRM asks for input on calibration of levels of review to levels of risk. 3. The consent process and special populations, because new rules have been proposed to improve informed consent (e.g., standard consent form, consent for future uses of biospecimens, and re-consenting for further use of existing research data). 4. Issues related to the protection of research participants in studies that involve use of existing data and data sharing, because the ANPRM proposed applying standards for protecting the privacy of healthcare data to research data. 5. Multidisciplinary and multisite studies, because the ANPRM proposed a revision to the regulations that would allow multisite studies to be covered by a single IRB. 6. The purview and roles of IRBs, because the ANPRM included possible revisions to categories of research that could entail changes in IRB oversight.

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111

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309288266

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9780309288262

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

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Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences examines how to update human subjects protections regulations so that they effectively respond to current research contexts and methods. With a specific focus on social and behavioral sciences, this consensus report aims to address the dramatic alterations in the research landscapes that institutional review boards (IRBs) have come to inhabit during the past 40 years. The report aims to balance respect for the individual persons whose consent to participate makes research possible and respect for the social benefits that productive research communities make possible. The ethics of human subjects research has captured scientific and regulatory attention for half a century. To keep abreast of the universe of changes that factor into the ethical conduct of research today, the Department of Health and Human Services published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) in July 2011. Recognizing that widespread technological and societal transformations have occurred in the contexts for and conduct of human research since the passage of the National Research Act of 1974, the ANPRM revisits the regulations mandated by the Act in a correspondingly comprehensive manner. Its proposals aim to modernize the Common Rule and to improve the efficiency of the work conducted under its auspices. Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences identifies issues raised in the ANPRM that are critical and feasible for the federal government to address for the protection of participants and for the advancement of the social and behavioral sciences. For each identified issue, this report provides guidance for IRBs on techniques to address it, with specific examples and best practice models to illustrate how the techniques would be applied to different behavioral and social sciences research procedures.

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204

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309298091

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9780309298094

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Research Agenda for Advancing Intelligence Analysis

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on a Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security

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A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Research Agenda for Advancing Intelligence Analysis

The primary function of the intelligence analyst is to make sense of information about the world, but the way analysts do that work will look profoundly different a decade from now. Technological changes will bring both new advances in conducting analysis and new risks related to technologically based activities and communications around the world. Because these changes are virtually inevitable, the Intelligence Community will need to make sustained collaboration with researchers in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) a key priority if it is to adapt to these changes in the most productive ways. A Decadal Survey Of The Social and Behavioral Sciences provides guidance for a 10-year research agenda. This report identifies key opportunities in SBS research for strengthening intelligence analysis and offers ideas for integrating the knowledge and perspectives of researchers from these fields into the planning and design of efforts to support intelligence analysis.

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401

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309487617

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9780309487610

Weather Services for the Nation

Becoming Second to None

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Assessment of the National Weather Service's Modernization Program

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Weather Services for the Nation

Becoming Second to None

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Assessment of the National Weather Service's Modernization Program

During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Weather Service (NWS) undertook a major program called the Modernization and Associated Restructuring (MAR). The MAR was officially completed in 2000. No comprehensive assessment of the execution of the MAR plan, or comparison of the promised benefits of the MAR to its actual impact, had ever been conducted. Therefore, Congress asked the National Academy of Sciences to conduct an end-to-end assessment. That report, The National Weather Service Modernization and Associated Restructuring: A Retrospective Assessment, concluded that the MAR was a success. Now, twelve years after the official completion of the MAR, the challenges faced by the NWS are no less important than those of the pre-MAR era. The three key challenges are: 1) Keeping Pace with accelerating scientific and technological advancement, 2) Meeting Expanding and Evolving User Needs in an increasingly information centric society, and 3) Partnering with an Increasingly Capable Enterprise that has grown considerably since the time of the MAR. Weather Services for the Nation presents three main recommendations for responding to these challenges. These recommendations will help the NWS address these challenges, making it more agile and effective. This will put it on a path to becoming second to none at integrating advances in science and technology into its operations and at meeting user needs, leading in some areas and keeping pace in others. It will have the highest quality core capabilities among national weather services. It will have a more agile organizational structure and workforce that allow it to directly or indirectly reach more end-users, save more lives, and help more businesses. And it will have leveraged these capabilities through the broader enterprise. This approach will make possible societal benefits beyond what the NWS budget alone allows.

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110

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309259754

ISBN 13

9780309259750

Fair Weather

Effective Partnership in Weather and Climate Services

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geophysical and Environmental Data,Committee on Partnerships in Weather and Climate Services

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Fair Weather

Effective Partnership in Weather and Climate Services

Decades of evolving U.S. policy have led to three sectors providing weather servicesâ€"NOAA (primarily the National Weather Service [NWS]), academic institutions, and private companies. This three-sector system has produced a scope and diversity of weather services in the United States second to none. However, rapid scientific and technological change is changing the capabilities of the sectors and creating occasional friction. Fair Weather: Effective Partnerships in Weather and Climate Services examines the roles of the three sectors in providing weather and climate services, the barriers to interaction among the sectors, and the impact of scientific and technological advances on the weather enterprise. Readers from all three sectors will be interested in the analysis and recommendations provided in Fair Weather.

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238

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030916852X

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9780309168526

The Behavioral and Social Sciences

Achievements and Opportunities

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

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The Behavioral and Social Sciences

Achievements and Opportunities

This volume explores the scientific frontiers and leading edges of research across the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, history, business, education, geography, law, and psychiatry, as well as the newer, more specialized areas of artificial intelligence, child development, cognitive science, communications, demography, linguistics, and management and decision science. It includes recommendations concerning new resources, facilities, and programs that may be needed over the next several years to ensure rapid progress and provide a high level of returns to basic research.

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301

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037492

ISBN 13

9780309037495

Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research

By: National Research Council,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Institutional Review Boards, Surveys, and Social Science Research

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Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are the linchpins of the protection systems that govern human participation in research. In recent years, high-profile cases have focused attention on the weaknesses of the procedures for protecting participants in medical research. The issues surrounding participants protection in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences may be less visible to the public eye, but they are no less important in ensuring ethical and responsible research. This report examines three key issues related to human participation in social, behavioral, and economic sciences research: (1) obtaining informed, voluntary consent from prospective participants: (2) guaranteeing the confidentiality of information collected from participants, which is a particularly challenging problem in social sciences research; and (3) using appropriate review procedures for "minimal-risk" research. Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research will be important to policy makers, research administrators, research sponsors, IRB members, and investigators. More generally, it contains important information for all who want to ensure the best protectionâ€"for participants and researchers alikeâ€"in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences.

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277

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088526

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9780309088527

International Collaborations in Behavioral and Social Sciences

Report of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on International Scientific Organizations,U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Psychological Science,Committee on International Collaborations in Social and Behavioral Sciences Research

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International Collaborations in Behavioral and Social Sciences

Report of a Workshop

Based on the outcomes of a workshop convened by the U.S. National Committee for Psychological Science and informed by a survey of social scientists who have led cross-national projects, this National Science Foundation-funded report addresses the multiple benefits of research extending across national boundaries and describes factors common among successful collaborations. Workshop participants identified the obstacles frequently encountered and suggested ways of dealing with these challenges to enhance international collaborative research in the behavioral and social sciences. Several dimensions of collaborative processes, such as research planning, methodological issues, organizational concerns, varied training approaches, and funding needs receive critical attention in this book.

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102

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309114152

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9780309114158

Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making

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Decision Making for the Environment

Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities

With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.

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296

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0309165393

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9780309165396

Book's by Committee on Advancing Social and Behavioral Science Research and Application Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

Weather Services for the Nation

Weather Services for the Nation

Fair Weather

Fair Weather

The Behavioral and Social Sciences

The Behavioral and Social Sciences

Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research

Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research

International Collaborations in Behavioral and Social Sciences

International Collaborations in Behavioral and Social Sciences

Decision Making for the Environment

Decision Making for the Environment

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