Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control's Books

Malaria

Obstacles and Opportunities

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control

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Malaria

Obstacles and Opportunities

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control

Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.

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Page Count

312

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309045274

ISBN 13

9780309045278

Climate Stabilization Targets

Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations

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Climate Stabilization Targets

Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations

Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.

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Page Count

298

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309208939

ISBN 13

9780309208932

Saving Lives, Buying Time

Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs

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Saving Lives, Buying Time

Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs

For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

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Page Count

385

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092183

ISBN 13

9780309092180

Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Evaluation of Strengthening Human Resources for Health Capacity in the Republic of Rwanda Under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)

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Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program

Since 2004, the U.S. government has supported the global response to HIV/AIDS through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The Republic of Rwanda, a PEPFAR partner country since the initiative began, has made gains in its HIV response, including increased access to and coverage of antiretroviral therapy and decreased HIV prevalence. However, a persistent shortage in human resources for health (HRH) affects the health of people living with HIV and the entire Rwandan population. Recognizing HRH capabilities as a foundational challenge for the health system and the response to HIV, the Government of Rwanda worked with PEPFAR and other partners to develop a program to strengthen institutional capacity in health professional education and thereby increase the production of high-quality health workers. The Program was fully managed by the Government of Rwanda and was designed to run from 2011 through 2019. PEPFAR initiated funding in 2012. In 2015, PEPFAR adopted a new strategy focused on high-burden geographic areas and key populations, resulting in a reconfiguration of its HIV portfolio in Rwanda and a decision to cease funding the Program, which was determined no longer core to its programming strategy. The last disbursement for the Program from PEPFAR was in 2017. Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program describes PEPFAR-supported HRH activities in Rwanda in relation to programmatic priorities, outputs, and outcomes and examines, to the extent feasible, the impact on HRH and HIV-related outcomes. The HRH Program more than tripled the country's physician specialist workforce and produced major increases in the numbers and qualifications of nurses and midwives. Partnerships between U.S. institutions and the University of Rwanda introduced new programs, upgraded curricula, and improved the quality of teaching and training for health professionals. Growing the number, skills, and competencies of health workers contributed to direct and indirect improvements in the quality of HIV care. Based on the successes and challenges of the HRH program, the report recommends that future investments in health professional education be designed within a more comprehensive approach to human resources for health and institutional capacity building, which would strengthen the health system to meet both HIV-specific and more general health needs. The recommendations offer an aspirational framework to reimagine how partnerships are formed, how investments are made, and how the effects of those investments are documented.

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Page Count

299

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309672058

ISBN 13

9780309672054

Book's by Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control

Malaria

Malaria

Climate Stabilization Targets

Climate Stabilization Targets

Saving Lives, Buying Time

Saving Lives, Buying Time

Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program

Evaluation of PEPFAR's Contribution (2012-2017) to Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program

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