The Local Langlands Conjecture for GL(2) contributes an unprecedented text to the so-called Langlands theory. It is an ambitious research program of already 40 years and gives a complete and self-contained proof of the Langlands conjecture in the case n=2. It is aimed at graduate students and at researchers in related fields. It presupposes no special knowledge beyond the beginnings of the representation theory of finite groups and the structure theory of local fields.
This work gives a full description of a method for analyzing the admissible complex representations of the general linear group G = Gl(N,F) of a non-Archimedean local field F in terms of the structure of these representations when they are restricted to certain compact open subgroups of G. The authors define a family of representations of these compact open subgroups, which they call simple types. The first example of a simple type, the "trivial type," is the trivial character of an Iwahori subgroup of G. The irreducible representations of G containing the trivial simple type are classified by the simple modules over a classical affine Hecke algebra. Via an isomorphism of Hecke algebras, this classification is transferred to the irreducible representations of G containing a given simple type. This leads to a complete classification of the irreduc-ible smooth representations of G, including an explicit description of the supercuspidal representations as induced representations. A special feature of this work is its virtually complete reliance on algebraic methods of a ring-theoretic kind. A full and accessible account of these methods is given here.
Let F be a non-Archimedean local field. Let \mathcal{W}_{F} be the Weil group of F and \mathcal{P}_{F} the wild inertia subgroup of \mathcal{W}_{F}. Let \widehat {\mathcal{W}}_{F} be the set of equivalence classes of irreducible smooth representations of \mathcal{W}_{F}. Let \mathcal{A}^{0}_{n}(F) denote the set of equivalence classes of irreducible cuspidal representations of \mathrm{GL}_{n}(F) and set \widehat {\mathrm{GL}}_{F} = \bigcup _{n\ge 1} \mathcal{A}^{0}_{n}(F). If \sigma \in \widehat {\mathcal{W}}_{F}, let ^{L}{\sigma }\in \widehat {\mathrm{GL}}_{F} be the cuspidal representation matched with \sigma by the Langlands Correspondence. If \sigma is totally wildly ramified, in that its restriction to \mathcal{P}_{F} is irreducible, the authors treat ^{L}{\sigma} as known. From that starting point, the authors construct an explicit bijection \mathbb{N}:\widehat {\mathcal{W}}_{F} \to \widehat {\mathrm{GL}}_{F}, sending \sigma to ^{N}{\sigma}. The authors compare this "naïve correspondence" with the Langlands correspondence and so achieve an effective description of the latter, modulo the totally wildly ramified case. A key tool is a novel operation of "internal twisting" of a suitable representation \pi (of \mathcal{W}_{F} or \mathrm{GL}_{n}(F)) by tame characters of a tamely ramified field extension of F, canonically associated to \pi. The authors show this operation is preserved by the Langlands correspondence.
This book attempts to explain what went wrong in California’s restructured energy markets and what must be done to restore California’s economy and build new electricity systems. The intention here is to reconcile the principles of competition and regulation. California had a severe electricity crisis for about thirteen months beginning in May of 2000. The economic consequences and political fallout that arose from this crisis persist. California’s economy continues to suffer and the state’s treasury is deeply in debt. The state’s three investor-owned utilities were nearly financially decimated. San Diego Gas & Electric has recovered to a greater degree than the other two only because its retail prices are about three times the national average and, for a time, well above the other two IOUs in California. Southern California Edison has recently been restored to investment grade and was granted a rate increase. Pacific Gas & Electric is emerging from bankruptcy. This book discusses all of this in greater detail. The problems and consequences arising from California’s ill-fated foray into electricity market restructuring could damage the state for years to come. Challenges of this nature are not new to the Golden State. In the past, as we explain here, pragmatic, not entrenched, approaches have worked best in California. If California is to relatively quickly restore its previous enviable economic vitality and recover from the damage done to tarnish its luster, pragmatic approaches must again be used.
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