A historical analysis of the warfare during the Norman Conquest of England, and a look at the truth behind the legendary victor, King William I. The reality of war, in any period, is its totality. Warfare affects everyone in a society. Here, for the first time, is a comprehensive analysis of eleventh century warfare as exposed in the record of the Norman Conquest of England. King William I experienced a lifetime of conflict on and off so many battlefields. In English Collusion and the Norman Conquest, Arthur Wright’s second book on the Norman Conquest, he argues that this monarch has received an undeserved reputation bestowed on him by clerics ignorant alike of warfare, politics, economics and of the secular world, men writing half a century after events reported to them by doubtful sources. How much of this popular legend was actually created by an avaricious Church? Was he just a lucky, brutal soldier, or was he instead a gifted English King who could meld cultures and talents? This is a tale of blood, deceit, ambition and power politics which pieces together the self-interested distortion of events, brutalizing conflict and superb strategic acumen by using and analyzing contemporary evidence the like of which is not to be found elsewhere in Europe. By 1072 King William should have been secure upon the English throne, so what went wrong? How did a Norman Duke and a few thousand mercenaries take and hold such a wealthy and populous Kingdom? Even in the “Harrowing of the North,” which probably saw the death of tens of thousands, who was really to blame and why did it happen? Praise for English Collusion and the Norman Conquest “Arthur C Wright’s fresh look at how things panned out before and after the invasion provides new and fresh evidence that should not be overlooked. Brilliant.” —Books Monthly (UK)
This book fulfils a keenly-felt need for a modern, comprehensive dictionary of Scottish Gaelic into English. The numerous examples of usage and idiom in this work have been modelled on examples culled from modern literature, and encompass many registers ranging from modern colloquial speech, to more elaborate literary constructions. The main contemporary terms and idiomatic phraseology, often not available in other dictionaries, provide excellent models for easier language learning. In addition to the main dictionary, the volume contains introductory material, providing guidance on using the dictionary, spelling and pronunciation. There are also twelve useful appendices which cover not only the various parts of speech, lenition and proper nouns, but also address the more difficult issues of expressing time, direction and numerals. The clarity of the design and layout of the volume will greatly ease the process of attaining mastery of the Gaelic language.
Originally published in 1990. This practical guide to the basic skills of teaching and class management will help both experience and beginning teachers to identify and evaluate their classroom skills. Suitable for teaching programmes at all levels, the book covers goal-setting, the directive, discursive, problem-solving, and activity modes of teaching, and the skills of explaining and effective questioning.
English Homework for Key Stage 2 is a unique resource for busy teachers - a selection of ‘pencil-free’, hands-on activities, aligned with the National Curriculum Programmes of Study and with clear links to the topics set out in the PNS Framework for English, that teachers can use as extension activities or give to pupils as homework to do with members of their family or friends. Each of the activities encourages the pupils to learn through discussion and through practical activities utilising everyday resources. Each activity is quick and easy for pupils and teachers to manage, and includes: a learning aim, full, clear instructions and discussion points tasks to foster collaboration and partnership between pupils, parents and teachers photocopiable resources. A refreshing approach for teachers and pupils, these activities will foster enthusiasm for learning and inspire pupils' interest in English.
Much of the scholarship on twentieth-century Canadian literature has argued that English-Canadian fiction was plagued by backwardness and an inability to engage fully with the movement of modernism that was so prevalent in British and American fiction and poetry. Modern Realism in English-Canadian Fiction re-evaluates Canadian literary culture to posit that it has been misunderstood because it is a distinct genre, a regional form of the larger international modernist movement. Examining literary magazines, manifestos, archival documents, and major writers such as Frederick Philip Grove, Morley Callaghan, and Raymond Knister, Colin Hill identifies a 'modern realism' that crosses regions as well as urban and rural divides. A bold reading of the modern-realist aesthetic and an articulate challenge to several enduring and limiting myths about Canadian writing, Modern Realism in English- Canadian Fiction will stimulate important debate in literary circles everywhere.
This book is an expanded version of an essay by the author published in Texas Wesleyan Law Review "English Common Law, Slavery, and Human Rights" 13 Tex. Wesleyan L. Rev. 659 (2007), which was developed from a paper presented by the author at a conference in Gloucester, England in 2006 "Too Pure an Air: Law and the Quest for Freedom, Justice, and Equality"; it discusses villeinage in England and the regal age of African history, with particular reference to Kemet (Ancient Egypt), its influence on Greek and Roman law and consequently on European and English Law; the legal aspects of "human chattel" African enslavement as it applied to English plantations in the Americas, with examples from Guyana, South America; the way in which English Common Law dealt with the issue of African enslavement when faced with court applications by Africans who sought emancipation on English soil; the African holocaust e.g. the Zong maritime genocide and insurance claim; the development of human rights in England and on the plantations in Guyana, notably the 1763 Berbice Revolutionary War of Independence led by Kofi against the Dutch colonists, during which an African revolutionary government was formed, believed to be the first of its kind in the region, preceding the American Revolutionary War of Independence (1775-1783), The French Revolution (1789-1802) and the Haitian Revolutionary War of Independence (1791-1804); the Demerara Uprising in 1823, led by Jack Gladstone, son of Quamina, during which 13,000 enslaved Africans sought unconditional emancipation from the British, greatly influencing the abolition cause in England; the Essequibo protest led by Damon in 1834 against the apprenticeship system which was introduced by law in most of the British colonies on emancipation; and the incorporation of several Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights in the domestic law of the UK in 2000.
Seventh-century Gaelic law-tracts delineate professional poets (filid) who earned high social status through formal training. These poets cooperated with the Church to create an innovative bilingual intellectual culture in Old Gaelic and Latin. Bede described Anglo-Saxon students who availed themselves of free education in Ireland at this culturally dynamic time. Gaelic scholars called sapientes (“wise ones”) produced texts in Old Gaelic and Latin that demonstrate how Anglo-Saxon students were influenced by contact with Gaelic ecclesiastical and secular scholarship. Seventh-century Northumbria was ruled for over 50 years by Gaelic-speaking kings who could access Gaelic traditions. Gaelic literary traditions provide the closest analogues for Bede’s description of Cædmon’s production of Old English poetry. This ground-breaking study displays the transformations created by the growth of vernacular literatures and bilingual intellectual cultures. Gaelic missionaries and educational opportunities helped shape the Northumbrian “Golden Age”, its manuscripts, hagiography, and writings of Aldhelm and Bede.
Bonwick brings together related elements that have been treated separately on previous occasions--English radicals as personalities, their relations with one another, their connections with Americans; the imperial controversy between England and the colonies; the movement for parliamentary reform in England; and the campaign for civil rights for Dissenters. The study brings fresh meaning to English radicalism and ideas about liberty during the revolutionary era. Originally published 1977. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
This book traces the development of a fully marketised higher education system in England over a 30-year period, and identifies five distinct stages of market reforms culminating in the Higher Education and Research Act. It employs a critical policy discourse analysis and addresses several key aspects of the current higher education landscape.
Practise for your SQA exams with three specially-commissioned Hodder Gibson Practice Exam Papers. - Practise with model papers written and checked by experienced markers and examiners - Get extra advice with specially-written study-skills guidance sections - Gain vital extra marks and avoid common mistakes with examiner tips
Stretch your students to achieve their best grade with this year-round course companion; providing clear and concise explanations of all syllabus requirements and topics, and exam practice questions to support and strengthen learning. - Practice and revise skills - exam practice boxes throughout with questions for paper 1 and paper 2 with genuine example answers. - Achieve the best grades - expert advice on how to approach and explore a topic for the IA and HL essay plus Learner Portfolio activities and tips on how to present work. - Build confidence and strengthen skills - guidance on how to encompass the areas of exploration, concept connections and global issues from the new course structure into answers. Focus revision - key terms and definitions listed for each topic/subtopic.
How To Pass Flash Revise Higher English helps you revise, provides exam tips and gets you better grades in the Close Reading paper - and it's easy to use anywhere! How To Pass Flash Revise titles are ideal for quick revision. Written by a subject expert for instant practice in Paper 1 Close Reading techniques, this handy pocketbook provides quick-fire questions and answers with exam tips to help students achieve the very best grades. With 70 short extracts, plus questions and answers, Flash Revise is the answer to instant revision anytime, anywhere!
Exam Board: SQA Level: National 5 Subject: English First Teaching: September 2013 First Exam: Summer 2014 Practise for your SQA exams with three specially commissioned Hodder Gibson Practice Exam Papers with fully worked answers. - Practise with model papers written and checked by experienced markers and examiners - Worked answers show how solutions are arrived at and where marks are gained - Get extra advice with study-skills guidance sections - Avoid common mistakes with examiner tips - A revision grid allows students to revise by topic
The fifth edition of this bestselling book provides a comprehensive introduction to bilingualism and bilingual education. In a compact and clear style, its 19 chapters cover all the crucial issues in bilingualism at individual, group and national levels. These include: • defining who is bilingual and multilingual • testing language abilities and language use • languages in communities and minority groups • endangered languages • language planning, language revival • the development of bilingualism in infancy and childhood • bilingualism in the family • age and language learning • adult language learning • bilinguals' thinking skills • bilingualism and the brain • theories of bilingualism • types of bilingual education • heritage language education • evaluations of bilingual education • minority language literacy • biliteracy and multiliteracies • effective teaching and learning methods in bilingual classrooms • the effectiveness of bilingual education in the United States • the history of bilingual education in the United States • language minority underachievement • bilingual special education • the assessment of language minority children • Deaf bilinguals • the spread of English as a global language • learning English as a second or third language • language identity and multiple identities • the politics surrounding language minorities and bilingual education • assimilation and pluralism • bilingualism and employment • bilingualism and the internet
Written as an introductory text from a crossdisciplinary perspective, this book covers individual and societal concepts in minority and majority languages.
The book looks at world-wide evidence on issues surrounding bilingualism and bilingual education. These issues include the relationship between bilingualism and intelligence, the advantages and disadvantages of bilingual education and the role of attitude and motivation in bilingualism.
Before European incursions began in the seventeenth century, the Western Abenaki Indians inhabited present-day Vermont and New Hampshire, particularly the Lake Champlain and Connecticut River valleys. This history of their coexistence and conflicts with whites on the northern New England frontier documents their survival as a people-recently at issue in the courts-and their wars and migrations, as far north as Quebec, during the first two centuries of white contacts. Written clearly and authoritatively, with sympathy for this long-neglected tribe, Colin G. Calloway's account of the Western Abenaki diaspora adds to the growing interest in remnant Indian groups of North America. This history of an Algonquian group on the periphery of the Iroquois Confederacy is also a major contribution to general Indian historiography and to studies of Indian white interactions, cultural persistence, and ethnic identity in North America Colin G. Calloway, Assistant Professor of History in the University of Wyoming, is the author of Crown and Calumet: British-Indian Relations, 1783-181S, and the editor of New Directions in American Indian History, both published by the University of Oklahoma Press. "Colin Calloway shows how Western Abenaki history, like all Indian history, has been hidden, ignored, or purposely obscured. Although his work focuses on Euro-American military interactions with these important eastern Indians, Calloway provides valuable insights into why Indians and Indian identity have survived in Vermont despite their lack of recognition for centuries."-Laurence M. Hauptman, State University of New York, New Paltz. "Far from being an empty no-man's-land in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the western Abenaki homeland is shown in this excellent synthesis to have been an active part of the stage on which the events of the colonial period were acted out. -Dean R. Snow, State University of New York, Albany. "At last the western Abenakis have a proper history. Colin Calloway has made their difficultly accessible literature his own and has written what will surely remain the standard reference for a long time."-Gordon M. Day, Canadian Ethnology Service. "Although they played a central role in the colonial history of New England and southern Quebec, the western Abenakis have been all but ignored by historians and poorly known to anthropologists. Therefore, publication of a careful study of western Abenaki history ranks as a major event.... Calloway's book is a gold mine of useful data."-William A. Haviland, senior author, The Original Vermonters.
The book aims to establish the concept of attitudes as more central to the study of minority and majority languages. The strong tradition of attitude theory and research from social psychology is made relevant to language restoration and decay. Original research shows how attitude to bilingualism is conceptually distinct from attitude to a specific language. A piece of research in Wales investigates the origins of language attitudes in individual differences and in environmental attributes.
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