Claus Gerhardt's Books

The Quantization of Gravity

By: Claus Gerhardt

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A unified quantum theory incorporating the four fundamental forces of nature is one of the major open problems in physics. The Standard Model combines electro-magnetism, the strong force and the weak force, but ignores gravity. The quantization of gravity is therefore a necessary first step to achieve a unified quantum theory. In this monograph a canonical quantization of gravity has been achieved by quantizing a geometric evolution equation resulting in a gravitational wave equation in a globally hyperbolic spacetime. Applying the technique of separation of variables we obtain eigenvalue problems for temporal and spatial self-adjoint operators where the temporal operator has a pure point spectrum with eigenvalues $\lambda_i$ and related eigenfunctions, while, for the spatial operator, it is possible to find corresponding eigendistributions for each of the eigenvalues $\lambda_i$, if the Cauchy hypersurface is asymptotically Euclidean or if the quantized spacetime is a black hole with a negative cosmological constant. The hyperbolic equation then has a sequence of smooth solutions which are products of temporal eigenfunctions and spatial eigendistributions. Due to this "spectral resolution" of the wave equation quantum statistics can also be applied to the quantized systems. These quantum statistical results could help to explain the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

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Page Count

206

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319773712

ISBN 13

9783319773711

Qualitative Freedom - Autonomy in Cosmopolitan Responsibility

By: Claus Dierksmeier

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Qualitative Freedom - Autonomy in Cosmopolitan Responsibility

By: Claus Dierksmeier

In the light of growing political and religious fundamentalism, this open access book defends the idea of freedom as paramount for the attempt to find common ethical ground in the age of globality. The book sets out to examine as yet unexhausted ways to boost the resilience of the principle of liberalism. Critically reviewing the last 200 years of the philosophy of freedom, it revises the principle of liberty in order to revive it. It discusses many different aspects that fall under its three main topics: the metaphysics of freedom, quantitative freedom and qualitative freedom. Open societies worldwide have come under increasing pressure in the last decades. The belief that politics and markets fare best when guided by the principle of liberty presently faces multiple challenges such as terrorism, climate warming, inequality, populism, and financial crises. In the view of its critics, the idea of freedom no longer offers adequate guidance to meet these challenges and should be partially corrected or even entirely replaced by countervailing values. Against the reduction of freedom to the merely quantitative question as to how much liberties individuals call their own, this book draws attention to the qualitative concerns which and whose opportunities society should foster. It argues that, correctly understood, the idea of liberty commits us to defend as well as advance the freedom of each and every world citizen.

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Page Count

371

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3030047237

ISBN 13

9783030047238

Owls of the World

By: Claus König,Friedhelm Weick,Jan-Hendrik Becking

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Owls of the World

By: Claus König,Friedhelm Weick,Jan-Hendrik Becking

The definitive book on owls. Owls are enduringly popular birds, but due to their nocturnal habits most species are difficult to see well. The plumages of many species are cryptic and difficult to separate by plumage alone. This problem is compounded by the different morphs that many adopt. This book fully describes every known species and subspecies of owl, as well as presenting the latest evidence on owl taxonomy, based on DNA work and vocalisations. Because voice is vital in owl identification, much emphasis is placed on it in the book and sonograms are provided for many species. A CD of owl vocalisations accompanies the book.

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Page Count

529

Publisher

A&C Black

Published Date

ISBN 10

1408108844

ISBN 13

9781408108840

Semiconductor Optics

By: Claus F. Klingshirn

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Semiconductor Optics

By: Claus F. Klingshirn

The updated and enlarged new edition of this book provides an introduction to and an overview of semiconductor optics from the IR through the visible to the UV. It includes coverage of linear and nonlinear optical properties, dynamics, magneto- and electrooptics, high-excitation effects, some applications, experimental techniques and group theory. The mathematics is kept as elementary as possible. The subjects covered extend from physics to materials science and optoelectronics. New or updated chapters add coverage of current topics, while the chapters on bulk materials have been revised and updated.

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Page Count

867

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3642283624

ISBN 13

9783642283628

Varieties of Transition

The East European and East German Experience

By: Claus Offe

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Varieties of Transition

The East European and East German Experience

By: Claus Offe

The nine essays in this volume explore such topics as the characteristics and shortcomings of state socialist societies and of democratic capitalism, the role of ethnic politics in East European transitions, issues of retribution and restitution in the transition to a democratic society based on a private economy, and the effects the collapse of Communism have had on Western democracies and on the Left in particular.

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Page Count

268

Publisher

MIT Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0262650487

ISBN 13

9780262650489

Alaska

A History

By: Claus M. Naske,Herman E. Slotnick

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Alaska

A History

By: Claus M. Naske,Herman E. Slotnick

The largest by far of the fifty states, Alaska is also the state of greatest mystery and diversity. And, as Claus-M. Naske and Herman E. Slotnick show in this comprehensive survey, the history of Alaska’s peoples and the development of its economy have matched the diversity of its land- and seascapes. Alaska: A History begins by examining the region’s geography and the Native peoples who inhabited it for thousands of years before the first Europeans arrived. The Russians claimed northern North America by right of discovery in 1741. During their occupation of “Russian America” the region was little more than an outpost for fur hunters and traders. When the czar sold the territory to the United States in 1867, nobody knew what to do with “Seward’s Folly.” Mainland America paid little attention to the new acquisition until a rush of gold seekers flooded into the Yukon Territory. In 1906 Congress granted Alaska Territory a voteless delegate and in 1912 gave it a territorial legislature. Not until 1959, however, was Alaska’s long-sought goal of statehood realized. During World War II, Alaska’s place along the great circle route from the United States to Asia firmly established its military importance, which was underscored during the Cold War. The developing military garrison brought federal money and many new residents. Then the discovery of huge oil and natural-gas deposits gave a measure of economic security to the state. Alaska: A History provides a full chronological survey of the region’s and state’s history, including the precedent-setting Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, which compensated Native Americans for their losses; the effect of the oil industry and the trans-Alaska pipeline on the economy; the Exxon Valdez oil spill; and Alaska politics through the early 2000s.

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Page Count

519

Publisher

University of Oklahoma Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0806186135

ISBN 13

9780806186139

Quantum Gravity

Third Edition

By: Claus Kiefer

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Quantum Gravity

Third Edition

By: Claus Kiefer

Quantum theory and Einstein's theory of relativity are at the centre of modern theoretical physics, yet, the consistent unification of both theories is still elusive. This book offers an up-to-date introduction into the attempts to construct a unified theory of "quantum gravity".

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Page Count

406

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199585202

ISBN 13

9780199585205

Design in Nature

Learning from Trees

By: Claus Mattheck

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Design in Nature

Learning from Trees

By: Claus Mattheck

The chicken bone you nibbled yesterday and threw away was a high-tech product! Not only that: it was a superlative light-weight design, functionally adapted to its mechanical requirements. No engineer in the world has, as yet, been able to copy this structural member, which is excellently optimized in its external shape and its internal architecture as regards minimum weight and maximum strength. The tree stem on which you recently carved your initials has also, by life-long care for its body, steadily improved its internal and external structure and adapted optimally to new loads. In the course of its biomechanical self-optimization it will heal up the notch you cut as speedily as possible, in order to repair even the smallest weak point, which might otherwise cost it its life in the next storm. This book is dedicated to the understanding of this biomechanical optimization of shape. It is the synthesis of many years of extensive research using the latest computer methods at the Karlsruhe Research Centre to help understand the mechanism of biological self-optimization (adaptive growth) and to simulate it by computer. The method newly developed for this purpose was called CAO (Computer-Aided Optimization). With this method, it is possible to predict the growth of trees, bones and other biological structures from the tiger's claw to the sea urchin's skeleton.

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Page Count

281

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

364258747X

ISBN 13

9783642587474

Roots of Wisdom

The Oldest Proverbs of Israel and Other Peoples

By: Claus Westermann

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Roots of Wisdom

The Oldest Proverbs of Israel and Other Peoples

By: Claus Westermann

Dealing primarily with Proverbs 10-31, Westermann demonstrates how the wisdom literature evolved into a form of poetry that had greater universal appeal as the people of Israel became more urbanized. He also uses other wisdom sayings, particularly those from ancient Africa, to illustrate the logical progression of wisdom poetry from being simply observational in character to becoming more universal in character.

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192

Publisher

Westminster John Knox Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0664255590

ISBN 13

9780664255596

Primary Bone Tumors and Tumorous Conditions in Children

Pathologic and Radiologic Diagnosis

By: Claus-Peter Adler,Kazimierz Kozlowski

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Primary Bone Tumors and Tumorous Conditions in Children

Pathologic and Radiologic Diagnosis

By: Claus-Peter Adler,Kazimierz Kozlowski

We welcome the publication of this volume, which discusses the diagnosis of bone tumours with particular reference to children and adolescents. As founder members of the International Skeletal Society we are delighted to learn that the book had its inception at one of the Society's meetings. It reflects, moreover, the combined presentation of radiological and pathological diagnostic information which has been such a feature of the meetings of the International Skeletal Society. We commend it to all readers with an interest in tumours of the skeleton. Hubert A. Sissons Ronald O. Murray Preface The diagnosis of primary bone tumors is often difficult. There are several reasons for this. As primary bone tumors are rare in childhood, practitioners in a number of pediatric subspecialties are not familiar with them. The clinical symptoms and signs are often elusive, the biochemical investigations usually normal and the radio graphic features often uncharacteristic. Even the pathologist, who is the final step in arriving at the proper diagnosis and who has all the available clinical, biochemical and radiographic data, may encounter difficulties. A good tissue sample is the basis for microscopic investigation. However, bone tumors often show an extreme variety of structures which confuse even experienced bone pathologists. Therefore, histo pathologic analysis must take into account all available clinical, biochemical and radiographic data. The close cooperation of the pathologist with clinicians and, especially, radiologists is of the utmost importance.

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272

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1447119517

ISBN 13

9781447119517

Bone Diseases

Macroscopic, Histological, and Radiological Diagnosis of Structural Changes in the Skeleton

By: Claus-Peter Adler

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Bone Diseases

Macroscopic, Histological, and Radiological Diagnosis of Structural Changes in the Skeleton

By: Claus-Peter Adler

A comprehensive description of macroscopic, microscopic, and radiological methods for the diagnosis of bone diseases. The book presents all the procedures involved in diagnosis, using not only radiological and histological techniques, but also modern immunohistochemical and scintigraphic methods. Succinct and well-structured therapeutic recommendations are provided for an array of bone diseases, making this a practice-oriented reference work for pathologists, radiologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedists.

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Page Count

600

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3662040883

ISBN 13

9783662040881

Semiconductor Optics 1

Linear Optical Properties of Semiconductors

By: Heinz Kalt,Claus F. Klingshirn

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Semiconductor Optics 1

Linear Optical Properties of Semiconductors

By: Heinz Kalt,Claus F. Klingshirn

This revised and updated edition of the well-received book by C. Klingshirn provides an introduction to and an overview of all aspects of semiconductor optics, from IR to visible and UV. It has been split into two volumes and rearranged to offer a clearer structure of the course content. Inserts on important experimental techniques as well as sections on topical research have been added to support research-oriented teaching and learning. Volume 1 provides an introduction to the linear optical properties of semiconductors. The mathematical treatment has been kept as elementary as possible to allow an intuitive approach to the understanding of results of semiconductor spectroscopy. Building on the phenomenological model of the Lorentz oscillator, the book describes the interaction of light with fundamental optical excitations in semiconductors (phonons, free carriers, excitons). It also offers a broad review of seminal research results augmented by concise descriptions of the relevant experimental techniques, e.g., Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, ellipsometry, modulation spectroscopy and spatially resolved methods, to name a few. Further, it picks up on hot topics in current research, like quantum structures, mono-layer semiconductors or Perovskites. The experimental aspects of semiconductor optics are complemented by an in-depth discussion of group theory in solid-state optics. Covering subjects ranging from physics to materials science and optoelectronics, this book provides a lively and comprehensive introduction to semiconductor optics. With over 120 problems, more than 480 figures, abstracts to each chapter, as well as boxed inserts and a detailed index, it is intended for use in graduate courses in physics and neighboring sciences like material science and electrical engineering. It is also a valuable reference resource for doctoral and advanced researchers.

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Page Count

559

Publisher

Springer Nature

Published Date

ISBN 10

3030241521

ISBN 13

9783030241520

Book's by Claus Gerhardt

The Quantization of Gravity

The Quantization of Gravity

Qualitative Freedom - Autonomy in Cosmopolitan Responsibility

Qualitative Freedom - Autonomy in Cosmopolitan Responsibility

Owls of the World

Owls of the World

Semiconductor Optics

Semiconductor Optics

Varieties of Transition

Varieties of Transition

Alaska

Alaska

Quantum Gravity

Quantum Gravity

Design in Nature

Design in Nature

Roots of Wisdom

Roots of Wisdom

Primary Bone Tumors and Tumorous Conditions in Children

Primary Bone Tumors and Tumorous Conditions in Children

Bone Diseases

Bone Diseases

Semiconductor Optics 1

Semiconductor Optics 1

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