Scarcity hypothesis is the cornerstone of traditional economic theory. However, in the digital era, new products such as Windows, Android, and Wechat have been introduced to the market. Traditional economic theory may not be able to explain various nez economic phenomena in the digital era. This book creatively proposes the concept of limitless supply and then discusses its implications for economy at both macro and micro-levels.It analyses and summarizes the basic features of limitless supply products, and compares the differences and similarities of how limited supply and limitless supply products are manufactured and marketed. The book also provides reasons for why manufacturers of limitless supply products create intangible assets. It argues that the scale of an enterprise producing limitless supply products depends on the number of users, whereas the scale of an enterprise producing limited supply products depends on the production capacity.This book is mainly written to construct a preliminary, simple, yet relatively comprehensive economic theory framework for limitless supply, and to interpret the phenomena and corporate behaviour. It further explores how enterprises providing limitless supply products grow financially. It also proposes the fundamental difference in growth models between enterprises providing limitless supply products and those providing limited supply products. The book also looks at how growth models can achieve fission growth.
Chinese Sociolinguistics examines the ways in which language contributes to shaping social, cultural, and ethnic identities in Greater China. This book is the first textbook to be exclusively devoted to the issues of language, society, and identity in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and overseas Chinese communities (the Greater China). The book includes topics on the role of language in Chinese culture; the linguistic indexing of socioeconomic class; dialects and regional language variation; the impacts of state policies; linguistic borrowings; bilingualism and bicultural identity; and language shift and attrition. The emergence of new forms of language as influenced by modern technologies and possible future developments is also discussed in this book. This book will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in Chinese sociolinguistics, particularly with a focus on language, identity, and society in Greater China. This book will also be of interest to members of the Chinese Language Teachers Association and the American Council of Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL).
17th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2004, Ottawa, Canada, May 17-20, 2004. Proceedings
17th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2004, Ottawa, Canada, May 17-20, 2004. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2004, held in Ottawa, Canada, in May 2004. The 129 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 208 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on neural networks, bioinformatics, data mining, general applications, autonomous agents, intelligent systems, knowledge processing and NLP, intelligent user interfaces, evolutionary computing, fuzzy logic, human-roboter interaction, computer vision and image processing, machine learning and case-based reasoning, heuristic search, security, Internet applications, planning and scheduling, constraint satisfaction, e-learning, expert systems, applications to design, machine learning, and image processing.
This SpringerBrief presents intelligent spectrum sharing technologies for future wireless communication systems. It explains the widely used opportunistic spectrum access and TV white space sharing, which has been approved by the FCC. Four new technologies to significantly increase the efficiency of spectrum sharing are also introduced. The four technologies presented are Dynamic Spectrum Co-Access, Incentivized Cooperative Spectrum Sharing, On-Demand Spectrum Sharing and Licensed Shared Spectrum Access. These technologies shed light on future wireless communication systems and pave the way for innovative spectrum sharing with increased spectrum utilization. Increased utilization will allow networks to meet the demand for radio spectrum and promote the growth of wireless industry and national economy. Spectrum Sharing is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in wireless communications. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science will also find this content helpful as a study guide.
This SpringerBrief presents intelligent spectrum sharing technologies for future wireless communication systems. It explains the widely used opportunistic spectrum access and TV white space sharing, which has been approved by the FCC. Four new technologies to significantly increase the efficiency of spectrum sharing are also introduced. The four technologies presented are Dynamic Spectrum Co-Access, Incentivized Cooperative Spectrum Sharing, On-Demand Spectrum Sharing and Licensed Shared Spectrum Access. These technologies shed light on future wireless communication systems and pave the way for innovative spectrum sharing with increased spectrum utilization. Increased utilization will allow networks to meet the demand for radio spectrum and promote the growth of wireless industry and national economy. Spectrum Sharing is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in wireless communications. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science will also find this content helpful as a study guide.
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