The free and open source software movement, from its origins in hacker culture, through the development of GNU and Linux, to its commercial use today. In the 1980s, there was a revolution with far-reaching consequences—a revolution to restore software freedom. In the early 1980s, after decades of making source code available with programs, most programmers ceased sharing code freely. A band of revolutionaries, self-described “hackers,” challenged this new norm by building operating systems with source code that could be freely shared. In For Fun and Profit, Christopher Tozzi offers an account of the free and open source software (FOSS) revolution, from its origins as an obscure, marginal effort by a small group of programmers to the widespread commercial use of open source software today. Tozzi explains FOSS's historical trajectory, shaped by eccentric personalities—including Richard Stallman and Linus Torvalds—and driven both by ideology and pragmatism, by fun and profit. Tozzi examines hacker culture and its influence on the Unix operating system, the reaction to Unix's commercialization, and the history of early Linux development. He describes the commercial boom that followed, when companies invested billions of dollars in products using FOSS operating systems; the subsequent tensions within the FOSS movement; and the battles with closed source software companies (especially Microsoft) that saw FOSS as a threat. Finally, Tozzi describes FOSS's current dominance in embedded computing, mobile devices, and the cloud, as well as its cultural and intellectual influence.
“A life-changing story that digs deep into the psychological, and tells us that through all trials and tribulations, there’s a chance for a positive outlook.” –Maxy Awards Is Allan Vickery alive, or is he dead? After a blow to the head from a golf ball, Vic isn’t certain himself. As it turns out, he’s comatose and the things he learns while unconscious are life-changing when he reawakens. But for a man in mid-life crisis—struggling to keep his marriage alive while attempting to become a recognized painter and still succeed at teaching high school art—his new understanding becomes a volatile accelerant for issues that merely smoldered in the past. In the resulting inferno, Vic finds passion in the arms of a lover and riches in the world of high-stakes golf matches. Whether or not you play golf, you cannot avoid difficult lies in your quest to find the fairway to happiness.
The predictions of the war 'being over by Christmas' turned out to be far from the truth. By January 1915 the British Expeditionary Force found themselves trapped in the murderous stalemate of trench warfare. British troops had suffered badly in the early campaigns and by January 1915 were holding some 30 miles of trench. The year 1915 was to witness some of the bloodiest and bitter battles of the Great War, including the first blooding at Neuve Chapelle, the Second Battle of Ypres and the appalling failure of Loos. By the end of the summer almost 50,000 men of Kitchener's Army had been killed. This book tells the story of the 67 VC winners from this period on the Western Front. Each of their stories are different and 20 medals were awarded posthumously. However, they all have one thing in common - acts of extraordinary bravery under fire.
Updated annually, the 31st edition of Mayson, French and Ryan on Company Law provides the most current and comprehensive treatment of this area. This textbook continues to deliver, with clarity, accurate technical detail balanced with theoretical discussion and quotes from important cases.
The first edition established itself as one of the leading books to situate the issue of intellectual property within the discipline of International Political Economy (IPE). Since its publication, intellectual property has continued to rise up the global agenda, reflecting expanding interest in the area among policy-makers and advocacy groups, linked to the increasingly fraught politics of the global governance of IPRs. Significantly revised and updated to take account of developments within the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization, this edition incorporate.
In this historical and comparative study, Christopher McGrory Klyza explores why land-management policies in mining, forestry, and grazing have followed different paths and explains why public-lands policy in general has remained virtually static over time. According to Klyza, understanding the different philosophies that gave rise to each policy regime is crucial to reforming public-lands policy in the future. Klyza begins by delineating how prevailing policy philosophies over the course of the last century have shaped each of the three land-use patterns he discusses. In mining, the model was economic liberalism, which mandated privatization of public lands; in forestry, it was technocratic utilitarianism, which called for government ownership and management of land; and in grazing, it was interest-group liberalism, in which private interests determined government policy. Each of these philosophies held sway in the years during which policy for that particular resource was formed, says Klyza, and continues to animate it even today.
The first edition established itself as one of the leading books to situate the issue of intellectual property within the discipline of International Political Economy (IPE). Since its publication, intellectual property has continued to rise up the global agenda, reflecting expanding interest in the area among policy-makers and advocacy groups, linked to the increasingly fraught politics of the global governance of IPRs. Significantly revised and updated to take account of developments within the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization, this edition incorporates the author’s recent research on IPRs. It retains the theoretical and analytical elements of the first edition, whilst offering students and researchers a detailed analysis of how intellectual property is politically constructed, and how it is linked to the economics of knowledge and information in the contemporary global political economy. Rapidly-developing issues addressed in the work include: arguments around the implementation of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of IPRs (TRIPs) the WIPO Development agenda and the ‘resistance’ to socialization programmes the AIDS crisis and the pharmaceutical industry Digital Rights Management This book will be of interest to students and researchers of international political economy, international relations and intellectual property law.
The allure of Great Britain's natural beauty, famously refined culture, and storied history has long held sway over visitors. The country is the number one destination for Americans traveling to Europe. Annually, more than 4,000,000 tourists cross the Atlantic to enjoy the island's myriad charms, including the rolling moors of Devon and Yorkshire, some of the world's finest museums, dining, and theater in the fabled streets of London. Travelers are able to soak in the rich history and stunning scenery of Scotland's islands and highlands, as well as the stately aristocratic mansions and castles that dot the countryside. Illustrated with more than 150 vivid photographs and 30 detailed, full-color maps, National Geographic Traveler: Great Britain, 3rd Edition brings you everything you need to know to plan a trip to this most enticing of regions. Veteran travel author Christopher Somerville, a native Englishman, guides you shire by shire through the fascinating landscape that is 21st-century Britain, beginning with a detailed introduction to the island's history, food, land, and culture--factors that have clearly shaped the distinctive tongue-in-cheek character of the British people. The book provides an in-depth exploration of the area's individual regions, including the very distinct countries of Scotland and Wales, covering in detail every corner of this diverse and beguiling land. From venerable Westminster Abbey and the cutting edge art at the Tate Modern museum in London to Shakespeare's scenic hometown of Stratford-Upon-Avon to John Lennon's boyhood home in Liverpool, it's all here. In addition, special detailed features give comprehensive information on many diverse topics such as the relaxing parks of London, Wedgewood and the potteries, Thomas Hardy's Dorset, and golfing in Scotland. The book also offers seventeen guided walks and drives through many of Britain's most scenic and historic regions, including tours of the ancient cities of Oxford and Bath and drives around Snowdonia National Park in Wales and Wordsworth's beautiful Windermere in the hugely popular Lake District. A thorough Travelwise section provides recommendations for hotels and restaurants in all price ranges and in all areas. Whether you're birdwatching on the islands of Scotland's Inner Hebrides, visiting the famous and impressive Bronze-Age monument at Stonehenge, or gazing upon the famous portraits of storybook kings and queens in the National Portrait Gallery in London, National Geographic Traveler: Great Britain has every tool you need to make your trip a memorable one.
This new edition offers the latest information on historic sites, city highlights, scenic drives, walking tours, and more--from London's venerable Westminster Abbey to John Lennon's boyhood home in Liverpool as well as the distinctive countries of Scotland and Wales.
Key Cases is the essential series for anyone studying law, including A Level, LLB, ILEX and post-graduate conversion courses. Understanding and memorising leading cases fully is a vital part of the study of law - the clear format, style and explanations of Key Cases will ensure you achieve this. Key Cases provides the simplest and most effective way for you to memorise and absorb the essential cases needed to pass your exams. Key Features: * All essential and leading cases explained * User-friendly layout and style * Cases broken down into key components by use of a clear symbol system Additional high-quality revision material is provided on the interactive website: www.unlockingthelaw.co.uk
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