This book explores the processes through which European solidarity is constructed. More specifically, it investigates how the media's framing of European identity can facilitate and/or impede the emergence of European solidarity on the individual level. Through an online experiment that tested the effect of two different media identity frames on individual solidarity during the European debt crisis, the author argues that the exposure to news articles using a value-based identity frame boosts solidarity compared to an economic identity frame. This interdisciplinary work will be of interest to scholars of political sociology, political communication and political psychology, as well as any researchers who study European integration.
From Reagan's regular invocation of America as "a city on a hill" to Obama's use of spiritual language in describing social policy, religious rhetoric is a regular part of how candidates communicate with voters. Although the Constitution explicitly forbids a religious test as a qualification to public office, many citizens base their decisions about candidates on their expressed religious beliefs and values. In Religious Rhetoric and American Politics, Christopher B. Chapp shows that Americans often make political choices because they identify with a "civil religion," not because they think of themselves as cultural warriors. Chapp examines the role of religious political rhetoric in American elections by analyzing both how political elites use religious language and how voters respond to different expressions of religion in the public sphere. Chapp analyzes the content and context of political speeches and draws on survey data, historical evidence, and controlled experiments to evaluate how citizens respond to religious stumping. Effective religious rhetoric, he finds, is characterized by two factors—emotive cues and invocations of collective identity—and these factors regularly shape the outcomes of American presidential elections and the dynamics of political representation. While we tend to think that certain issues (e.g., abortion) are invoked to appeal to specific religious constituencies who vote solely on such issues, Chapp shows that religious rhetoric is often more encompassing and less issue-specific. He concludes that voter identification with an American civic religion remains a driving force in American elections, despite its potentially divisive undercurrents.
The six-volume Encyclopedia of Journalism covers all significant dimensions of journalism including: print, broadcast and Internet journalism; US and international perspectives; history; technology; legal issues and court cases; ownership; and economics.
My name is Chris Fox, and I was born with Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the past, I constantly battled getting bullied in school, which eventually led to substance abuse and a life that was out of control. I wasn't living anymore; I was trying to survive. My life was filled with turmoil and I almost lost it numerous times, until I met the woman of my dreams. She accepted my Tourette's and OCD, but I almost lost her due to my out of control lifestyle. I was in too deep and I had to choose to walk alone or walk with God. I surrendered to God and encountered the Holy Spirit. The Spirit revealed that I had a special gift to make others laugh, and I needed to put all of my trust in God to pursue my dreams. After living such a painful past, I knew I had made the biggest decision of my life.
Despite all the hype surrounding the "New Atheism," the United States remains one of the most religious nations on Earth. In fact, 95% of Americans believe in God--a level of agreement rarely seen in American life. The greatest divisions in America are not between atheists and believers, or even between people of different faiths. What divides us, this groundbreaking book shows, is how we conceive of God and the role He plays in our daily lives. America's Four Gods draws on the most wide-ranging, comprehensive, and illuminating survey of American's religious beliefs ever conducted to offer a systematic exploration of how Americans view God. Paul Froese and Christopher Bader argue that many of America's most intractable social and political divisions emerge from religious convictions that are deeply held but rarely openly discussed. Drawing upon original survey data from thousands of Americans and a wealth of in-depth interviews from all parts of the country, Froese and Bader trace America's cultural and political diversity to its ultimate source--differing opinions about God. They show that regardless of our religious tradition (or lack thereof), Americans worship four distinct types of God: The Authoritative God--who is both engaged in the world and judgmental; The Benevolent God--who loves and helps us in spite of our failings; The Critical God--who catalogs our sins but does not punish them (at least not in this life); and The Distant God--who stands apart from the world He created. The authors show that these four conceptions of God form the basis of our worldviews and are among the most powerful predictors of how we feel about the most contentious issues in American life. Accessible, insightful, and filled with the voices of ordinary Americans discussing their most personal religious beliefs, America's Four Gods provides an invaluable portrait of how we view God and therefore how we view virtually everything else.
The world continues to be threatened by non-state, religiously-rationalized violence. While some fail to the see the connections between the United States’ intervention in the Middle East and this ongoing threat, the non-state perpetrators of terror consistently identify American meddling as one of their principle motivating grievances. What are the social and cultural roots of different religious positions on the war in Iraq? Christianity and American State Violence in Iraq returns to a critical moment in U.S. foreign policy, during which American Christians publicly debated war in Iraq. It examines the religious precepts that were used to argue both for and against the United States’ military engagement in Iraq. To capture this behavior, Christopher A. Morrissey delves into the distinct social and cultural origins of both war-supporting and war-challenging positions. His analysis represents an improved understanding of the public role of religion in important foreign policy debates and helps us better understand how religious culture can legitimate or challenge state violence. An original and timely resource on the social sources of religion’s ambivalence towards violence and peace in the US and abroad.
From a National Jewish Book Award–winning author: The “revelatory and shocking” investigation into the CIA’s liberation of Nazi war criminals (Kirkus Reviews). How did Gen, Karl Wolff, one of the highest-ranking members of the Nazi Party’s Waffen-SS, who personally oversaw the deportation of three hundred thousand Jews to the Treblinka extermination camps, escape prosecution at the Nuremberg trials? As revealed in this groundbreaking investigation—culled from recently uncovered archival documents—the answer lies within the US government, which buried reports on the Final Solution and was complicit in the recruitment of Nazi war criminals, all to protect the world economy. Among the key players was CIA director Allen Dulles, who was not only instrumental in Wolff’s exoneration but also responsible for installing former slave-labor specialists into positions of power in postwar Germany. In this damning exposé of American government malfeasance, author Christopher Simpson traces the roots of mass murder as an instrument of financial gain and state power, from the Armenian genocide during World War I to Hitler’s Holocaust through the practice of genocide today. Detailing how the existing structures of international law and commerce have encouraged mass killings, corporate looting, and profiteering at the expense of innocent victims, The Splendid Blond Beast is a disturbing and profound book about the success of evil in our time. The award-winning author of Blowback and Science of Coercion, Simpson also served as research director for Marcel Ophüls’s Oscar-winning documentary, Hôtel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie.
The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, which has been called the most significant arbitral body in history, celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2006. As of mid-2005, the Tribunal had issued over 800 awards and decisions--a total of 600 awards (including partial awards and awards on agreed terms), 83 interlocutory and interim awards, and 133 decisions--in resolving almost 3000 cases. The Tribunal's awards have been described as the most important body of international arbitration jurisprudence. The significance of these decisions as persuasive authority is second to none. In this volume, experts in the field identify and comment on the Tribunal awards that are most important for international arbitration; i.e., the cases that everyone needs to know for investor-state and international commercial arbitration. The book approaches the Tribunal's work from a forward-looking perspective with emphasis on the continuing usefulness of awards and decisions issued by the Tribunal in international arbitration practice. In addition to original contributions from an array of eminent authors (all of whom have extensive experience at the Tribunal and/or in investor-State and international arbitration), this book includes excerpts of key awards discussed in the contributions, as well as appendices with foundational documents for the Tribunal. CONTRIBUTORS INCLUDE: · Roger P. Alford, Pepperdine University School of Law, former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · David J. Bederman, Emory Law School, former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · David D. Caron, C. William Maxeiner Distinguished Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Jack J. Coe, Jr. Pepperdine University School of Law, former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Christopher R. Drahozal, John M. Rounds Professor of Law, University of Kansas School of Law; former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Christopher S. Gibson, Suffolk University Law School; former Legal Assistant, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Mark R. Joelson, Law Office of Mark R. Joelson · Lucinda A. Low, Steptoe & Johnson · Andrea J. Menaker, Office of the Legal Advisor, U.S. Department of State · Sean D. Murphy, George Washington University Law School, former U.S. Agent to the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Daniel M. Price, Sidley Austin, former Deputy U.S. Agent to the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal · Jeffrey F. Pryce, Steptoe & Johnson
A broad-ranging and ambitious study of the changing relationships between countries and their nationals abroad, and the impact that mass migration played in shaping modern international law and politics.
Three provocative exposés from a National Jewish Book Award–winning journalist address the CIA’s recruitment of Nazis and use of psychological warfare. The Splendid Blond Beast: This groundbreaking investigation into the CIA’s post–World War II liberation and recruitment of Nazi war criminals—including the pivotal role played by CIA director Allen Dulles—traces the roots not only of US government malfeasance, but of mass murder as an instrument of financial gain and state power, from the Armenian genocide during World War I to Hitler’s Holocaust through the practice of genocide today. “Revelatory and shocking.” —Kirkus Reviews Blowback: The true story of how US intelligence organizations employed Nazi war criminals in clandestine warfare and propaganda against the USSR, anticolonial revolutionaries, and progressive movements worldwide that were claimed to be Soviet pawns. “The story is one that needs to be told, and Blowback makes a major contribution to its telling, supplementing a thorough collation of known cases with ample new research.” —The New York Times Science of Coercion: Drawing on long-classified documents from the Pentagon, the CIA, and other national security agencies, Simpson exposes secret government-funded research into psychological warfare and reveals that many of the most respected pioneers in the field of communication science were knowingly complicit as their findings were employed for the purposes of propaganda, subversion, intimidation, and counterinsurgency during the Cold War era. “An intriguing picture of the relations between state power and the intellectual community.” —Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Investor-State Arbitration describes the increasing importance of international investment and the necessary development of a new field of international law that defines the obligations of host states and creates procedures for resolving disputes. The authors examine the international treaties that allow investors to proceed with the arbitration of their claims, describe the most-commonly employed arbitration rules, and set forth the most important elements of investor-State arbitration procedure - including tribunal composition, jurisdiction, evidence, award, and challenge of annulment. The authors trace the evolution and rapid development of the field of international investment, including the formation of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), and the more than 2,000 bilateral investment treaties, most of which were entered into in the last twenty years. The authors explain how this development has led to far greater certainty for foreign investors in dealing with their host countries, as well as how it has incentivized growth in international trade and commerce.
There has been an exponential rise in the use of ICA for resolving international business disputes, yet international arbitration is a scarcely regulated, specialty industry. International Commercial Arbitration: An Asia Pacific Perspective is the first book to explain ICA topic by topic with an Asia Pacific focus. Written for students and practising lawyers alike, this authoritative book covers the principles of ICA thoroughly and comparatively. For each issue it utilises academic writings from Asia, Europe and elsewhere, and draws on examples of legislation, arbitration procedural rules and case law from the major Asian jurisdictions. Each principle is explained with a simple statement before proceeding to more technical, theoretical or comparative content. Real-world scenarios are employed to demonstrate actual application to practice. International Commercial Arbitration is an invaluable resource that provides unique insight into real arbitral practice specific to the Asia Pacific region, within a global context.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Note: 1,7, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (Fachbereich 05 Department of English and Linguistics), Veranstaltung: Variation in the Verb Phrase, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In the following term paper I will briefly outline the development of the Simple Past and the Present Perfect throughout the years and then I will shortly summarize the modern use of these two tenses of both speakers of British and American English. In Present-Day English, references to the past can be expressed either by the Present Perfect or the Simple Past and for each tense there are specific temporal adverbials. Some of them as yesterday, ago and last grammatically call for the Simple Past, while other temporal adverbials such as since and yet require the use of the Present Perfect. Recent corpus-based studies of Present-Day English have shown that the Present Perfect is more often used in British English than in American English.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Fachbereich 05 Department of English and Linguistics), course: Seminar: British Literature I – Adapting Hamlet, language: English, abstract: Ever since Hamlet was written in 1599 it has been adapted countless times. Shakespeare’s plot, as it was written over 400 years ago is still relevant for modern directors all over the world. It offers a great variety of different themes. In his Hamlet adaption Yorick, Salman Rushdie concentrates on the background and context of the main characters, criticizing the lack of logic in the original plot. His adaption also introduces the element of comedy into the original play. A fairly recent production of Shakespeare’s tragedy is Suleyman Al-Bassam’s "The Al-Hamlet Summit".
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Fachbereich 05 Department of English and Linguistics), course: English Linguistics (Master): Adjectives and Adverbs, language: English, abstract: The usage of "-wise" as a suffix within adverbial constructions such as in "crabwise" or "weatherwise" has clearly increased over the last decades and became progressively more popular in the mid-twentieth century. Although it is mostly used in spoken discourse, its usage is not restricted to speech but expands to the written word as for example in newspapers or scholarly journals. This stems from the fact that this kind of genre quickly picks up new trends. However, while -wise has been accepted in the adverbial sense, "-wise" as a suffix for new words with the meaning 'with regard to' is criticized.
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