This book offers practical solutions to achieving sustainable urbandesign and development, and helps designers communicate thesesolutions effectively to planners, developers and policy makers. Addressing sustainability issues in relation to the design andplanning of the urban environment is a complex, multi-disciplinaryissue and solutions never arrive from a single perspective. Theauthors use design as a facilitating factor to consider when and bywhom decisions that contribute to sustainability are made, andthrough three major city-centre case studies - London, Manchesterand Sheffield – they consider social, environmental andeconomic factors and examine their relationship to thedecision-making process. Designing Sustainable Cities begins by identifying thekey processes and lead decision-makers. The following chaptersdevelop an understanding of the dimensions of sustainability,presenting the tools by which the dimensions can be analysed. Laterchapters illustrate the trade-offs and the relationships betweenthe dimensions of sustainability - with case study examples - aswell as the use of IT in making design decisions. Finally, the bookmakes recommendations for future approaches to the design,development and on-going management of urban environments. Designing Sustainable Cities covers: latest research data on the urban environment and theinteraction between social, economic and environmental issues methods of understanding the context in which urban designtakes place guidance on the codes of practice process maps to help understand the context, make trade-offsand develop design solutions that allow for change methods for testing the consequences of design proposals andmonitoring outcomes.
This book provides a coherent description of the main concepts and statistical methods used to analyse economic performance. The focus is on measures of performance that are of practical relevance to policy makers. Most, if not all, of these measures can be viewed as measures of productivity and/or efficiency. Linking fields as diverse as index number theory, data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis, the book explains how to compute measures of input and output quantity change that are consistent with measurement theory. It then discusses ways in which meaningful measures of productivity change can be decomposed into measures of technical progress, environmental change, and different types of efficiency change. The book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, statisticians, accountants and economists working in universities, regulatory authorities, government departments and private firms. The book contains many numerical examples. Computer codes and datasets are available on a companion website.
North Carolina represents a perfect distillation of the promise and peril of modern American democracy: hyperpartisanship, gerrymandering, dissatisfaction with the two-party system, the urban-rural divide—these issues are all brought into sharp relief in the Tar Heel State. For that reason, North Carolina politics and government are increasingly of interest not just to North Carolina citizens but to journalists, political observers, and people across the country. Political scientist Christopher A. Cooper, to whom the national media go when they need a quote about North Carolina politics, offers a primer made for all people, no matter their political leanings. Readers will be introduced to everything that has made North Carolina the most purple of purple states—from the state constitution and the influence of think tanks to the growing racial diversity of the state and the limitations on the governor's power. By explaining how we came to be in the political situation we are in, Cooper shows us where we might go next. And, as many have said, "As North Carolina goes, so goes the nation.
A critical, quantitative look at the future supply and demand of surgical specialists that may foretell rationing of surgical services. The Coming Shortage of Surgeons: Why They Are Disappearing and What That Means for Our Health is the only quantitative analysis of the workforce in orthopedic and thoracic surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, neurosurgery, and urology. It analyzes the demand and supply for these surgeons and gives the causes and remedies for these shortages. The Coming Shortage of Surgeons quantifies the demand for the surgical workforce, then examines the constraints to supply, which include soaring tuition and medical students' debts, the demand for a controllable or scheduled lifestyle, malpractice premium expenses, early retirement, and perhaps the most difficult hurdle to overcome: the provision in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 that caps all medical and surgical residencies at 1996 levels.
A treasure trove of fascinating trivia about the city that never sleeps Did you know: • Grand Central Terminal is the largest railway station in the world. • Columbus Circle is the point from which all official distances to and from New York are measured • When Queen Elizabeth II visited Trinity Church in 1976, she was presented with 279 peppercorns in back rent • Macy’s owns almost a full city block…but not the real estate its famous sign featuring its signature red bag is on. Take a delightful journey from the bottom of the island of Manhattan to the top and discover extraordinary facts about New York along the way. You’ll find yourself saying, “I never knew that about New York!”
A Powerful Window into Cosmic EvolutionTerahertz (THz) observations of interstellar atoms, molecules, and dust serve as powerful probes of the conditions within the interstellar medium that permeates our galaxy, providing insights into the origins of stars, planets, galaxies, and the Universe. Taking a cross-disciplinary approach to the subject, Te
American independence was inevitable by 1780, but British writers spent the several decades following the American Revolution transforming their former colonists into something other than estranged British subjects. Christopher Flynn's engaging and timely book systematically examines for the first time the ways in which British writers depicted America and Americans in the decades immediately following the revolutionary war. Flynn documents the evolution of what he regards as an essentially anthropological, if also in some ways familial, interest in the former colonies and their citizens on the part of British writers. Whether Americans are idealized as the embodiments of sincerity and virtue or anathematized as intolerable and ungrateful louts, Flynn argues that the intervals between the acts of observing and writing, and between writing and reading, have the effect of distancing Britain and America temporally as well as geographically. Flynn examines a range of canonical and noncanonical works-sentimental novels of the 1780s and 1790s, prose and poetry by Wollstonecraft, Blake, Coleridge, and Wordsworth; and novels and travel accounts by Smollett, Lennox, Frances Trollope, and Basil Hall. Together, they offer a complex and revealing portrait of Americans as a breed apart, which still resonates today.
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