What kind of people are suicide bombers? How do they justify their actions? In this meticulously researched and sensitively written book, journalist Christoph Reuter argues that popular views of these young men and women--as crazed fanatics or brainwashed automatons--fall short of the mark. In many cases these modern-day martyrs are well-educated young adults who turn themselves into human bombs willingly and eagerly--to exact revenge on a more powerful enemy, perceived as both unjust and oppressive. Suicide assassins are determined to make a difference, for once in their lives, no matter what the cost. As Reuter's many interviews with would-be martyrs, their trainers, friends, and relatives reveal, the bombers are motivated more by how they expect to be remembered--as heroic figures--than by religion-infused visions of a blissful life to come. Reuter, who spent eight years researching the book, moves from the broken survivors of the childrens' suicide brigades in the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, to the war-torn Lebanon of Hezbollah, to Israeli-occupied Palestinian land, and to regions as disparate as Sri Lanka, Chechnya, and Kurdistan. He tells a disturbing story of the modern globalization of suicide bombing--orchestrated, as his own investigations have helped to establish, by the shadowy Al Qaeda network and unintentionally enabled by wrong-headed policies of Western governments. In a final, hopeful chapter, Reuter points to today's postrevolutionary, post-Khomeini Iran, where a new social environment renounces the horrific practice in the very place where it was enthusiastically embraced just decades ago.
Religion in Liberal Democracy as a Form of Life advances a theory to deal with the challenges connected to the liberal democratic ideal that all people are free to codetermine the future of their society and equally entitled to their religion and beliefs, given the historical bias towards Christianity in politics and culture within many European societies. Religious diversity and social and political participation are in fact fiercely contested issues. Critical scholars from philosophy and cultural theory contest that liberal political theories of freedom of religion can adequately deal with issues connected to an increasingly diversified and secularized religious field in historically Christian societies. Consequently, they claim that politics based on such theories cannot deliver on the promise to ensure conditions that allow all members of society equal religious freedom and political participation. By outlining historical developments, and by closely examining case studies of recent controversies about religious diversity in Germany and the Netherlands, this book identifies shortcomings of the currently predominant liberal account of freedom of religion or belief. Based on this analysis, the author proposes a more complex theory of liberal democracy as a form of life, with religion and religious freedom as components of it. This takes into account that informal norms, social structures, and predominant notions of belonging can function as powerful obstacles to freedom and equality, even if formal legal and political institutions prohibit discrimination based on religion. Construing liberal democracy as a “form of life”—that is, as a set of social practices, attitudes, and their institutional manifestations and material expressions—shifts the focus of critical analysis from the law to informal structures and components. This provides an understanding of the dynamics of (culturalized) religion in society, which has often been missing in political philosophical theories. The theory proposed in this book provides normative criteria for building liberal democracies that are tolerant with respect to religious differences and solidaric in terms of ensuring conditions that allow all members of society to codetermine, as equals, the future of society, irrespective of their religion or beliefs. This book will appeal to scholars of political theory, social and political philosophy, religious studies, sociology, and anthropology.
Business-to-business (B2B) integration is a buzzword which has been used a lot in recent years, with a variety of meanings. Starting with a clear technical definition of this term and its relation to topics like A2A (Application-to-Application), ASP (Application Service Provider), A2A, and B2C (Business-to-Consumer), Christoph Bussler outlines a complete and consistent B2B integration architecture based on a coherent conceptual model. He shows that B2B integration not only requires the exchange of business events between distributed trading partners across networks like the Internet, but also demands back-end application integration within business processes, and thus goes far beyond traditional approaches to enterprise application integration approaches. His detailed presentation describes how B2B integration standards like RosettaNet or SWIFT, the application integration standard J2EE Connector Architecture and basic standards like XML act together in order to enable business process integration. The book is the first of its kind that discusses B2B concepts and architectures independent of specific and short-term industrial or academic approaches and thus provides solid and long-lasting knowledge for researchers, students, and professionals interested in the field of B2B integration.
Despite high degrees of cultural and ethnic diversity as well as prevailing political instability, Guinea-Bissau’s population has developed a strong sense of national belonging. By examining both contemporary and historical perspectives, A Creole Nation explores how creole identity, culture, and political leaders have influenced postcolonial nation-building processes in Guinea-Bissau, and the ways in which the phenomenon of cultural creolization results in the emergence of new identities.
What defines the social practices we currently call norms? They make theft forbidden, eating with a fork advisable, and paintings beautiful. Norms are commonly thought of as moral justifications for doing one thing and not doing another. They are also described in terms of their outcomes or effects, serving as mere causal explanations. The Possibility of Norms proposes a broader view of how norms function, how they are articulated, and how they are realized. It may be asking too much if we expect norms to be effective or morally right. Many norms are simply ineffective and many are at most ineffectively justifiable. Drawing upon a rich array of texts - from law and jurisprudence to philosophy, aesthetics, and the social sciences - Möllers argues for conceiving of social norms as positively marked possibilities. Positively marking a possibility indicates that it should be realized. Normativity thus hinges on judging the world from a distance and acknowledging the possibility of divergent states of the world. Hence, it is no longer theoretically problematic that there are morally unjustified norms, nor that norms can be broken. On the contrary, allowing for breaches may be an important feature of normativity. Möllers's conceptual study sheds new light on a range of paradigms in the humanities, social sciences, and cultural studies, reframing several aspects of norm theory and questioning the theoretical assumptions underlying existing empirical work on normativity.
This is a practice-oriented guide, including text, commentary, tables and index, for anyone dealing with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
Christoph Henning writes a concise history of misreadings of Marx in the 20th century. Focussing on German philosophy from Heidegger to Habermas, he also addresses the influence of Rawls and Neopragmatism, subsequently scrutinizing a previous history of Marx-interpretations that had served as the premises upon which these later works were based. Henning sketches a historical trajectory in which a theory of socialist politics enters the fields of economics, sociology, critical theory and theology, before finally – overloaded with intellectually dead freight – entering into philosophy. In so doing, he takes a hermeneutic approach to how misreadings in a specific field proliferate into further misreadings across a variety of fields, leading to an accumulation of questionable preconceptions. With the recent resurgence of interest in Marx, Henning's historical recursions make evident where and how academic Anti-Marxism had previously got it wrong. English translation of Philosophie nach Marx. 100 Jahre Marxrezeption und die normative Sozialphilosophie der Gegenwart in der Kritik, Transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld, 2005.
In his portrait of Duke George of Saxony (1471–1539) Christoph Volkmar offers a fresh perspective on the early Reformation in Germany. Long before the Council of Trent, this book traces the origins of Catholic Reform to the very neighborhood of Wittenberg. The Dresden duke, cousin of Frederick the Wise, was one of Luther's most prominent opponents. Not only did he fight the Reformation, he also promoted ideas for renewal of the church. Based on thousands of archival records, many of them considered for the first time, Christoph Volkmar is mapping the church politics of a German prince who used the power of the territorial state to boost Catholic Reform, marking a third way apart from both Luther and Trent. This book was orginally published in German as Reform statt Reformation. Die Kirchenpolitik Herzog Georgs von Sachsen, 1488-1525.
Assertion is the central vehicle for the sharing of knowledge. Whether knowledge is shared successfully often depends on the quality of assertions: good assertions lead to successful knowledge sharing, while bad ones don't. In Sharing Knowledge, Christoph Kelp and Mona Simion investigate the relation between knowledge sharing and assertion, and develop an account of what it is to assert well. More specifically, they argue that the function of assertion is to share knowledge with others. It is this function that supports a central norm of assertion according to which a good assertion is one that has the disposition to generate knowledge in others. The book uses this functionalist approach to motivate further norms of assertion on both the speaker and the hearer side and investigates ramifications of this view for other questions about assertion.
Via Claudia Augusta by car, camper, bus, ... "Altinate" and "Padana" in one book + GPX track on www.viaclaudia.org Donauwörth - Lech - Augsburg - Landsberg am Lech - Schongau - Allgäu - Füssen - Reutte - Tyrolean Zugspitz - Fernpass - Gurgltal - Imst - Inntal - Landeck - Tyrolean Oberland - Reschenpass - Vischgau - Merano - Burgrafenamt - Bolzano - South Tyrolean Wine Road - Piana Rotaliana - Trento Varinate "ALTINATE": - Valsugana - Tesino High Valley - Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park - Feltre - Valbelluna - Prosecco Wine Road - Montello and Colli Asolani Wine Road - Treviso - Sile Nature Park - Altino - Venetian Lagoon - Venice - Jesolo Varinate "PADANA": - Vallagarina - Rovereto - Lake Garda - Valpolicella - Verona - Po Valley - Ostiglia on the Po River Guide for a successful discovery trip PREMIUM = all pages except city maps and text pages in color (alternatively there is also ECONOMY = maps in color, city maps and other pages in black and white, BUDGET = black and white) The heart of the guide is the 62 color maps in 1:50:000 format and 14 even more detailed maps of the cities with an ideal itinerary. The short historical introduction and over 500 photos and other illustrations serve to set the mood for the trip. In the appendix of the cycling tour book there is a compilation of 200 selected hosts, with indication of the map where you can find them as well. The route for car, camper, bus, etc. leads along picturesque country roads and romantic mountain roads, through interesting places and towns with many sights, and impresses with its great variety: Every few kilometers a new landscape 3 countries, 2 languages a variety of different cultures 3 climatic zones At the end of April, beginning of May you can even experience 3 seasons: A last snowfield in a shady spot at the Fernpass, sunbathing in the very south and all the shades of spring on the way. In autumn you can discover the freshly harvested delicacies, which grow in great variety along the route and are processed into specialties https://www.viaclaudia.org/radtour/detaillierte-routen-beschreibung-padana.html The Via Claudia Augusta follows the first Europe-connecting road across the Alps, to which the Romans added the paths of the Etruscans, Venetians, Councillors
The current work provides CIOs, software architects, project managers, developers, and cloud strategy initiatives with a set of architectural patterns that offer nuggets of advice on how to achieve common cloud computing-related goals. The cloud computing patterns capture knowledge and experience in an abstract format that is independent of concrete vendor products. Readers are provided with a toolbox to structure cloud computing strategies and design cloud application architectures. By using this book cloud-native applications can be implemented and best suited cloud vendors and tooling for individual usage scenarios can be selected. The cloud computing patterns offer a unique blend of academic knowledge and practical experience due to the mix of authors. Academic knowledge is brought in by Christoph Fehling and Professor Dr. Frank Leymann who work on cloud research at the University of Stuttgart. Practical experience in building cloud applications, selecting cloud vendors, and designing enterprise architecture as a cloud customer is brought in by Dr. Ralph Retter who works as an IT architect at T‐Systems, Walter Schupeck, who works as a Technology Manager in the field of Enterprise Architecture at Daimler AG,and Peter Arbitter, the former head of T Systems’ cloud architecture and IT portfolio team and now working for Microsoft. Voices on Cloud Computing Patterns Cloud computing is especially beneficial for large companies such as Daimler AG. Prerequisite is a thorough analysis of its impact on the existing applications and the IT architectures. During our collaborative research with the University of Stuttgart, we identified a vendor-neutral and structured approach to describe properties of cloud offerings and requirements on cloud environments. The resulting Cloud Computing Patterns have profoundly impacted our corporate IT strategy regarding the adoption of cloud computing. They help our architects, project managers and developers in the refinement of architectural guidelines and communicate requirements to our integration partners and software suppliers. Dr. Michael Gorriz – CIO Daimler AG Ever since 2005 T-Systems has provided a flexible and reliable cloud platform with its “Dynamic Services”. Today these cloud services cover a huge variety of corporate applications, especially enterprise resource planning, business intelligence, video, voice communication, collaboration, messaging and mobility services. The book was written by senior cloud pioneers sharing their technology foresight combining essential information and practical experiences. This valuable compilation helps both practitioners and clients to really understand which new types of services are readily available, how they really work and importantly how to benefit from the cloud. Dr. Marcus Hacke – Senior Vice President, T-Systems International GmbH This book provides a conceptual framework and very timely guidance for people and organizations building applications for the cloud. Patterns are a proven approach to building robust and sustainable applications and systems. The authors adapt and extend it to cloud computing, drawing on their own experience and deep contributions to the field. Each pattern includes an extensive discussion of the state of the art, with implementation considerations and practical examples that the reader can apply to their own projects. By capturing our collective knowledge about building good cloud applications and by providing a format to integrate new insights, this book provides an important tool not just for individual practitioners and teams, but for the cloud computing community at large. Kristof Kloeckner – General Manager,Rational Software, IBMSoftware Group
Seit dem Ausbruch der jüngsten Finanzkrise sind Credit Default Swaps (CDS) ins Rampenlicht des akademischen und medialen Interesses gerückt und bilden seitdem den Gegenstand einer kontroversen Diskussion. Auf Europäischer Ebene werden zudem neue regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen eingeführt, die weitreichende Auswirkungen auf den CDS Markt haben werden. Die angesprochenen Kontroversen sowie die bevorstehenden regulatorischen Veränderungen machen den CDS Markt daher zu einem spannenden und wichtigen Forschungsgegenstand. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich in vier Forschungsarbeiten mit den Implikationen des Einsatzes von CDS auf Marktteilnehmer und gibt im speziellen Antworten auf offene Fragen hinsichtlich der Anwendung von Kreditrisikomodellen, des Nutzens und der Risiken von CDS und den Auswirkungen neuer Regulierungen auf den CDS Markt. In Kapitel I werden die theoretischen Grundlagen zur Messung des Kreditrisikos gelegt, wobei der Fokus auf der praktischen Anwendung von Kreditrisikomodellen liegt. Hierbei untersuche ich die zwei gängigsten Kreditrisikomodelle: den firmenwertbasierten sowie den intensitätsbasierten Ansatz. Dabei gewinne ich wichtige Einblicke in den Einsatz von Kreditrisikomodellen im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von Kreditderivaten. In Kapitel II werden der Nutzen und die Risiken von CDS unter theoretischen und empirischen Gesichtspunkten einer Analyse unterzogen. Basierend auf der Analyse werden nachfolgend regulatorische Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeitigen eine Reihe von Risiken, die sich insbesondere in Krisenzeiten verstärken und daher effektivere zukünftige Regulierungen verlangen. Kapitel III konzentriert sich auf neue regulatorische Anforderungen im CDS Markt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Ausgestaltung der Zentralen Gegenparteien und den Auswirkungen deren Einführung auf die Marktteilnehmer. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Zentrale Gegenparteien ein.
The diversity of interconnected cultures on a bounded planet requires more shared orientations. The humanities and politics have to face fundamental questions. What does a humanism look like that does not move too rapidly to universalize the views and historical experiences of the European or American world? How can we conceive of globality as a new entity without playing unity and diversity off against one another? Does a world culture that is becoming ever closely related in fact need common values or only rules of human exchange? How can we succeed at civilizing an ever-present ethnocentrism? How do we keep the terms "culture" and "humanity" from being misused as weapons in identity wars? Any realistic cosmopolitanism must proceed from an understanding of humankind as one entity without requiring us to re-design cultures to fit on with some sort of global template. Answers can be gained by deploying shared characteristics of humans as well as pan-cultural commonalities. This book offers an anthropologically informed foundation for addressing pertinent questions of intercultural exchange.
This unique compendium offers an article-by-article commentary to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. Providing a comprehensive explanation of the functioning of this important mechanism for the settlement of investor–host State disputes, it incorporates the preparatory work, the Convention's text, various rules and regulations adopted under the Convention, the practice of arbitral tribunals under the Convention and academic writings on the subject. The first edition of this work has been relied upon by numerous arbitral tribunals. This second edition follows the same system and approach, but extensive updates reflect the vast increase in arbitral practice since the publication of the first edition. A number of novel issues that have emerged through this practice are now addressed, making this practice-oriented guide an indispensable tool for anyone dealing with the ICSID Convention.
With the present issue of Topics in Current Chemistry, the fourth and final volume concluding the mini-series on dendrimer chemistry has appeared. With a focus on the interdisciplinary bridges to neighboring fields, the contributions to this volume focus on coordination, catalysis and self-assembly, nicely balanced by a synthesis-based article on dendritic oligoethers.
When Grimmelshausen's The Singular Life Story of Heedless Hopalong (Der seltzame Springinsfeld) first appeared in 1670 or 1671, it was as nearly guaranteed of commercial success as any work of fiction can be. Its titular hero and primary narrator was already familiar to the German-reading public as a minor character in the most popular novel of the age, Simplicissimus, and a major character in its sequel, The Runagate Courage. The Singular Life Story of Heedless Hopalong is the third of the five novels by Hans Jacob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen which make up the so-called Simplician cycle. The first novel, Simplicissimus, has long been available in English translation; the second appeared fifteen years ago. This publication makes a complete and annotated English version of the third novel available to English readers for the first time. Like it predecessors, Heedless Hopalong is full of earthy humor and penetrating observations about man's foibles and the human dilemma. In it Grimmelshausen vividly portrays the most important Simplician characters, Courage and Hopalong, as they are in their old age. In the remaining two-thirds of the novel Hopalong tells the story of his life, describing his experience as a juggler boy, as a member of various armies during the Thirty Years' War, as an innkeeper, a beggar, etc., in language refreshingly direct, forthright, and lively. In his characterization of Hopalong, Grimmelshausen created one of German literature's finest portraits of the common soldier. The Singular Life Story of Heedless Hopalong is the recipient of the First Basilius Award in Germanics.
Based on their ability to facilitate interdependencies across the borders of national and regional markets, multinationals enterprises (MNEs) act as the key drivers of world trade and investment activities. While recent global challenges additionally highlight the need to explain and assess the status and progress of internationality/-regionality, previous research renders the concept of firm-level globalization as a special but not the general case. Christoph Czychon dedicates specific attention to the research on regional and global MNEs based on an extensive and rigorous review of the existing academic literature as well as the analysis of 2005-2015 empirical data from the European context with a focus on CAC40- and DAX30-listed firms. In doing so, the author offers insights and results that stand in contrast to the original narrative of the debate and presents a comprehensive and updated perspective on regional and global MNEs.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of identity-based brand management based on current research. The authors focus on the design of the brand identity, which covers the internal perspective of brand management, and the resulting external brand image perceived by consumers and other audiences. The book covers topics such as brand positioning, the design of the brand architecture and brand elements, the management of brand touchpoints and the customer journey, as well as multi-sensory brand management and brand management in a digital environment. Further topics covered are international brand management, brand management in the retail sector, in social media and on digital brand platforms (electronic marketplaces). Numerous practical examples illustrate the applicability of the concept of identity-based brand management. The authors show that the concept of identity-based brand management is a valuable management model to make brands successful. In the 2nd edition, all chapters were fundamentally revised and up-to-date practical examples as well as latest research findings were added. Additional material is available via an app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards App and use exclusive content to test your knowledge.
Human behaviour is infinitely complex, the result of thousands of interactions between predispositions, external factors and physical and cognitive processes. It is also highly unpredictable, which makes meaningful social engagement difficult without the aid of some external framework such as that offered by an institution. Both formal and informal institutions can provide the element of predictability necessary for successful, complex interactions, a factor which is often overlooked by institutional analysts and designers. Drawing on a wide range of disciplines including psychology, economics, and sociological and political studies, this book develops a coherent and accessible theory for explaining the unpredictability of individual behaviour. The author then highlights the danger of institutional reforms undermining the very capacity to generate predictability which is so central to their success. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and professionals in many fields including management studies, behavioural economics and the new, interdisciplinary field of institutional design.
Via Claudia Augusta with car, camper, bus, ... "Altinate" and "Padana" in one book + GPX track on www.viaclaudia.org Donauwörth - Lech - Augsburg - Landsberg am Lech - Schongau - Allgäu - Füssen - Reutte - Tyrolean Zugspitz - Fernpass - Gurgltal - Imst - Inntal - Landeck - Tyrolean Oberland - Reschenpass - Vischgau - Merano - Burgrafenamt - Bolzano - South Tyrolean Wine Route - Piana Rotaliana - Trento Varinate "ALTINATE": - Valsugana - Tesino High Valley - Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park - Feltre - Valbelluna - Prosecco Wine Road - Montello and Colli Asolani Wine Road - Treviso - Sile Nature Park - Altino - Venetian Lagoon - Venice - Jesolo Varinate "PADANA": - Vallagarina - Rovereto - Lake Garda - Valpolicella - Verona - Po Valley - Ostiglia on the Po River Guide for a successful discovery trip BUDGET = black and white (alternatively there is also PREMIUM = all pages except city maps and text pages in color, ECONOMY = maps in color, city maps and other pages in black and white) The heart of the guide is the 62 maps in 1:50:000 format and 14 even more detailed maps of the cities with an ideal circular route. The short historical introduction and over 500 photos and other illustrations serve to set the mood for the trip. In the appendix of the cycling tour book you will find a compilation of 200 selected hosts, with indication of the map where you can find them as well. The route for car, camper, bus, etc. leads along picturesque country roads and romantic mountain roads, through interesting places and towns with many sights, and impresses with its great variety: Every few kilometers a new landscape 3 countries, 2 languages a variety of different cultures 3 climatic zones At the end of April, beginning of May you can even experience 3 seasons: A last snowfield in a shady spot at the Fernpass, sunbathing in the very south and all the shades of spring on the way. In autumn you can discover the freshly harvested delicacies, which grow in great variety along the route and are processed into specialties https://www.viaclaudia.org/radtour/detaillierte-routen-beschreibung-padana.html The Via Claudia Augusta follows the first road across the Alps that connected Europe, to which the Romans added the paths of the Etruscans, Venetians, Councils
The Second World War affected the lives and shaped the experience of millions of individuals in Germany - soldiers at the front, women, children and the elderly sheltering in cellars, slave labourers toiling in factories, and concentration-camp prisoners and POWs clearing rubble in the Reich's devastated cities. Taking a 'history from below' approach, the volume examines how the minds and behaviour of individuals were moulded by the Party as the Reich took the road to Total War. The ever-increasing numbers of German workers conscripted into the Wehrmacht were replaced with forced foreign workers and slave labourers and concentration camp prisoners. The interaction in everyday life between German civilian society and these coerced groups is explored, as is that society's relationship to the Holocaust. From early 1943, the war on the home front was increasingly dominated by attack from the air. The role of the Party, administration, police, and courts in providing for the vast numbers of those rendered homeless, in bolstering civilian morale with 'miracle revenge weapons' propaganda, and in maintaining order in a society in disintegration is reviewed in detail. For society in uniform, the war in the east was one of ideology and annihilation, with intensified indoctrination of the troops after Stalingrad. The social profile of this army is analysed through study of a typical infantry division. The volume concludes with an account of the various forms of resistance to Hitler's regime, in society and the military, culminating in the failed attempt on his life in July 1944.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Technologies for E-Services held in September 2005. The nine revised full papers presented together with one keynote article were carefully reviewed and selected from forty submissions for inclusion in the book. Their common purpose is to identify the technical issues, models and infrastructures that enable enterprises to provide e-services to other businesses and individual customers.
This advanced textbook is tailored for an introductory course in Systems Biology and is well-suited for biologists as well as engineers and computer scientists. It comes with student-friendly reading lists and a companion website featuring a short exam prep version of the book and educational modeling programs. The text is written in an easily accessible style and includes numerous worked examples and study questions in each chapter. For this edition, a section on medical systems biology has been included.
Given the complexity of education, educational science can only focus on a limited number of research areas. This book suggests a few new research topics, all of which have not received adequate attention. In the first part of the book, these topics are related to the rhetoric of education, in the second to rituals in education.
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