Kings throughout medieval and early modern Europe had extraconjugal sexual partners. Only in France, however, did the royal mistress become a quasi-institutionalized political position. This study explores the emergence and development of the position of French royal mistress through detailed portraits of nine of its most significant incumbents: Agnès Sorel, Anne de Pisseleu d’Heilly, Diane de Poitiers, Gabrielle d’Estrées, Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Françoise d’Aubigné, Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, and Jeanne Bécu. Beginning in the fifteenth century, key structures converged to create a space at court for the royal mistress. The first was an idea of gender already in place: that while women were legally inferior to men, they were men’s equals in competence. Because of their legal subordinacy, queens were considered to be the safest regents for their husbands, and, subsequently, the royal mistress was the surest counterpoint to the royal favorite. Second, the Renaissance was a period during which people began to experience space as theatrical. This shift to a theatrical world opened up new ways of imagining political guile, which came to be positively associated with the royal mistress. Still, the role had to be activated by an intelligent, charismatic woman associated with a king who sought women as advisors. The fascinating particulars of each case are covered in the chapters of this book. Thoroughly researched and compellingly narrated, this important study explains why the tradition of a politically powerful royal mistress materialized at the French court, but nowhere else in Europe. It will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the French monarchy, women and royalty, and gender studies.
French women have always been very serious about their skin. From a young age – following their mothers' and grandmothers' advice – they establish good skincare routines and rituals. In French Complexion, Christine Clais presents her unique skincare philosophy based on more than twenty years of hands-on professional experience and the beauty secrets of her countrywomen. Through easy-to-follow expert tips, product recommendations and French beauty insights, Clais guides women through the stages of their lives and shows how to have healthy, glowing skin at any age. This is the perfect resource for all women wanting to learn about their skin's needs, improve their complexion and delay skin ageing without resorting to surgery.
Urban sprawl is one of the key planning issues today. This book compares Western Europe and the USA, focusing on anti-sprawl policies. The USA is known for its settlement patterns that emphasize low-density suburban development and extreme automobile dependence, whereas European countries emphasize higher densities, pro-transit policies and more compact urban growth. Yet, on closer inspection, the differences are not as wide as first appears. A key feature of the book is the attention given to France; its experience is little known in the English-speaking world. The book concludes that both continents can offer each other useful insights and perhaps policy guidance.
Translation of Christine's autobiographical "Vision", both dealing with her own life and career, and offering a possible solution to the troubled state of France at the time.
VOLUME 12 (2022): COMMENTING AND COMMENTARY AS AN INTERPRETIVE MODE IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE Edited by Christina Lechtermann and Markus Stock Introduction: Commenting and Commentary as an Interpretive Mode in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Christina Lechtermann & Markus Stock The Pro-Active Scribe: Preparing the Margins of Annotated Manuscripts Erik Kwakkel Thinking from the Margins: Opening and Closing Illuminations and their Commentary Functions around 1000 Kristin Böse Reading Texts within Texts: The Special Case of Lemmata Andrew Hicks The In-/Coherences of Narrative Commentary: Commentarial Forms in the Anegenge Christina Lechtermann Dante’s Self-Commentary and the Call for Interpretation Elisa Brilli Spiritualizing Petrarchism, “Poeticizing” the Bible: Two Counter-Reformation Self-Commentaries Christine Ott and Philip Stockbrugger The Power of Glosses: Francesco Fulvio Frugoni’s Self-Commentary and Literary Criticism in the Tribunal della Critica Andrea Baldan Commenting on a Purged Model: The M. Valerii Martialis Epigrammaton libri omnes novis commentariis illustrati of the Jesuit Matthäus Rader (1602) Magnus Ulrich Ferber
Global managers need to communicate and connect with many different cultures. The new language of business is cultural literacy, which encompasses basic knowledge of business language, culture and the local economy. This book provides a general overview and specific examples of cultural literacy. It will provide managers with a basic understanding of the business language, culture and economy of seven countries in the G-20, including Brazil, Mexico and the US in the Americas, China and South Korea in Asia, and France and Germany in Europe. For global managers, knowing even the basics about a country’s culture, language and economy is invaluable for making connections, doing business, and communicating across cultures. Clearly managers do not have time to learn the language of every country they visit. However, they can invest time to develop basic cultural literacy of the countries to which they travel. Cultural literacy gives them a baseline of knowledge to connect with customers, suppliers and co-workers, and shows respect for people and their culture. It also helps businesspeople find common ground on which to build business relationships. This volume offers business students and managers a quick introduction to language basics and cultural knowledge, and familiarity with the business environment of seven countries. In addition, it provides a template for developing basic business language literacy, and building business connections with people from other countries.
In this important book, experts from around the globe come together to examine what solidarity in multicultural societies might mean and how it might be built. With a variety of analytical perspectives and findings, the authors present original research conducted in the United States, New Zealand, Spain, France, Chile, Mexico, and India. Educators will recognize relationships between issues discussed in the book and their own places of work, helping them to better understand issues of diversity and take steps toward building solidarity in their own schools and communities. This book demonstrates the commonality of purpose across the globe to connect schools and teachers with the communities they serve, and suggests avenues for bringing diverse understandings together to bridge antagonism and fear. Contributors: Isabelle Aliaga, Gilberto Arriaza, Andrés Calderón, Maria Antonia Casanova, Juan Francisco Contreras, Dolores Delgado Bernalis, Gina E. DeShera, Martine Dreyfus, Judith Flores Carmona, Anne Hynds, Verónica López, Mahendra Kumar Mishra, Carmen Montecinos, José Luis Ramos, José Ignacio Rodríguez, and Alice Wagner. Christine E. Sleeter is professor emerita in the College of Professional Studies at California State University Monterey Bay, and President of the National Association for Multicultural Education. Her recent books include Teaching with Vision (with Catherine Cornbleth). Encarnación Soriano is professor of research methods in education at the University of Almería, Spain. “Whether educators are working with student populations perceived as diverse or homogeneous, Creating Solidarity Across Diverse Communities provides profound insights into strategies for building consensus, efficacy, and reducing prejudice and conflict. This is a well-researched volume on complex theories and diverse practices for building solidarity to effect educational change.” —Merry M. Merryfield, School of Teaching and Learning, The Ohio State University
In 1543, the Ottoman fleet appeared off the coast of France to bombard and lay siege to the city of Nice. The operation, under the command of Admiral Barbarossa, came in response to a request from Francois I of France for assistance from Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent in France's struggle against Charles V, the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. This military alliance between mutual 'infidels', the Christian French King and the Muslim Sultan, aroused intense condemnation on religious grounds from the Habsburgs and their supporters as an aberration from accepted diplomacy. Memories of the Crusades were, after all, still very much alive in Europe and an alliance with 'the Turk' seemed unthinkable to many. "Allies with the Infidel" places the events of 1543 and the subsequent wintering of the Ottoman fleet in Toulon in the context of the power politics of the sixteenth century. Relying on contemporary Ottoman and French sources, it presents the realpolitik of diplomacy with 'infidels' in the early modern era. The result is essential reading for students and scholars of European history, Ottoman Studies, and of relations between the Christian and Islamic worlds.
Featuring a broad selection of photographs from Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac and other French partner museums, the exhibition catalogue explores the circumstances in which photography was introduced in Europe since 1839 and then practiced around the world, including the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Americas by leading photographers like Jacques-Philippe Potteau, Isidore van Kinsbergen, Auguste Bartholdi, Désiré Charnay, Muhammad Sadiq Bey, Lala Deen Dayal, Abdullah Brothers and Timothy O’Sullivan. It also features a selection of historical texts on photography by prominent theologian and philosopher, the Emir Abd el-Kader.
This book explores the whole of the large and controversial subject of the use of force in international law; it examines not only the use of force by states but also the role of the UN in peacekeeping and enforcement action, and the growing importance of regional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security. Since the publication of the second edition of International Law and the Use of Force the law in this area has continued to undergo a fundamental reappraisal. Operation Enduring Freedom carries on against Al Qaida and the Taliban in Afghanistan six years after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Can this still be justified as self-defence in the 'war on terror'? Is there now a wide right of pre-emptive self-defence against armed attacks by non-state actors? The 2006 Israel/Lebanon conflict and the recent intervention of Ethiopia in Somalia raise questions about whether the 'war on terror' has brought major changes in the law on self-defence and on regime change. The 2003 invasion of Iraq gave rise to serious divisions between states as to the legality of this use of force and to talk of a crisis of collective security for the UN. In response the UN initiated major reports on the future of the Charter system; these rejected amendment of the Charter provisions on the use of force. They also rejected any right of pre-emptive self-defence. They advocated a 'responsibility to protect' in cases of genocide or massive violations of human rights; the events in Darfur show the practical difficulties with the implementation of such a duty.
This resource provides a week of practice activities to build second grade students' reading comprehension and word study skills. Students gain regular practice through these quick, yet meaningful, reading activities. Great formative assessment tool!
Encourage second-grade students to build their reading comprehension and word study skills using daily practice activities. Great for after school, intervention, or homework, teachers and parents can help students gain regular practice through these quick, diagnostic-based activities that are correlated to College and Career Readiness and other state standards. Both fiction and nonfiction reading passages are provided as well as data-driven assessment tips and digital versions of the assessment analysis tools and activities. With these easy-to-use activities, second graders will boost their reading skills in a hurry!
Encourage second-grade students to build their reading comprehension and word study skills using daily practice activities. Great for after school, intervention, or homework, teachers and parents can help students gain regular practice through these quick, diagnostic-based activities that are correlated to College and Career Readiness and other state standards. Both fiction and nonfiction reading passages are provided as well as data-driven assessment tips and digital versions of the assessment analysis tools and activities. With these easy-to-use activities, second graders will boost their reading skills in a hurry!
This is a new interpretation of English politics during the extended period beginning with the majority of Henry VI in c. 1437 up to the accession of Henry VII in 1509. The later fifteenth century in England is a somewhat baffling and apparently incoherent period which historians and history students have found consistently difficult to handle. The large-scale 'revisionism' inspired by the classic work of K. B. McFarlane led to the first real work on politics, both national and local, but has left the period in a disjointed state: much material has been unearthed, but without any real sense of direction or coherence. This book places the events of the century within a clearly delineated framework of constitutional structures, practices and expectations, in an attempt to show the meaning of the apparently frenetic and purposeless political events which occurred within that framework - and which sometimes breached it. At the same time it takes cognisance of all the work that has been done on the period, including recent and innovative work on Henry VI.
Social Marketing involves the application of marketing techniques (usually associated with promoting consumption) to social ends. Beyond this simple definition, social marketing offers an alternative to the standard Western economic model of consumption at all costs. This popular introductory textbook has been updated to provide greater depth on marketing theory, more on branding, co-creation of value, Community Based Prevention Marketing (CBPM) and the vital role of critical thinking. In addition, the communications chapter is extended and radically updated to include much more on digital media. The rise of corporate social responsibility is also critically analysed. The subject of social marketing is brought to life with the integration of case studies from across the world to provide a textbook which is required reading for students at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
First published in 1971, The Swahili Coast deals with a sixty-year period in which Arabs from Oman in Arabia extended their influence over the East African coast from Mogadishu in the north to Cape Delgado in the South. This region had a culture and a way of life quite distinct from that of the interior and had always been an area of great maritime activity. For hundreds of years, Arabs had come down on the monsoon winds to trade there, and for two centuries, the Portuguese had controlled the region. In the course of the period covered by this book the ruler of the Omani Arabs transferred his seat of government from Arabia to Zanzibar. This involved him in delicate relationships with the Western powers who developed strategic and commercial interests in the area, and in conflicts with the local inhabitants of the East African littoral. Based on many original and hitherto unpublished materials, this book illuminates the reasons for this extension of Arab influence in the western part of the Indian Ocean, and shows the growing involvement of Western powers with the politics of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. Attention is also focused on the development of trade on the Swahili coast, as well as the reaction of the local populace to Arab and Western pressures. This study will be particularly useful for advanced students of African history, African Studies and anyone interested in political, social, and economic development of East Africa.
Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats presents more than 200 achievements in architecture and structural engineering in all the inhabited continents, from prehistory to the present. An architect once described the built environment as "the manifestation of the human spirit in stone, wood, and steel." In this new volume, readers can explore the most innovative and magnificent architectural expressions of the human spirit, from pre-history to the present, from all parts of the world. Readers can visit the Acropolis and Chartres cathedral, along with less familiar places like the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, once the greatest city in sub-Saharan Africa, and China's 71 meter high, 1,200 year old Grand Buddha, carved from stone. They'll learn the secrets behind audacious engineering feats like the Panama Canal, the U.S. interstate highway system, and the Deltaworks in the Netherlands. They will discover that many of these awe-inspiring projects were not the work of trained architects and engineers, but of "underdeveloped" communities, where unified will, tight social organization, and shared commitment to a spiritual ideal were more important than the inventions of the Industrial Age.
In 1829 Andrew Jackson became the seventh president of the United States, the first who did not come from a wealthy, east coast family. He left a controversial legacy that modern Americans still grapple with.
Lake Champlain is one of America's most historic waterways, but much of its history has remained hidden. With the arrival of Europeans, the lake became a vital route between the English in New England and the French in Quebec. Its isolated beauty contrasted sharply with the bloody military campaigns that unfolded there. While enormous forts were erected, colonial villages blossomed, and 18th century naturalist Peter Kalm spread the word of its bucolic charm. William Miller attracted large audiences as he preached that the world would end in the 1840s. Valcour Island developed its own commune, and when Prohibition took effect, the towns near the Canadian border became a hotbed of bootlegging. From presidential visits to shipwrecks, local authors Jason Barney and Christine Eldred chronicle some of the lake's lesser-known contributions to American history.
All Access for the AP® U.S. History Exam Book + Web + Mobile Completely Revised for the new 2015 Exam Everything you need to prepare for the Advanced Placement® exam, in a study system built around you! There are many different ways to prepare for an Advanced Placement® exam. What's best for you depends on how much time you have to study and how comfortable you are with the subject matter. To score your highest, you need a system that can be customized to fit you: your schedule, your learning style, and your current level of knowledge. This book, and the online tools that come with it, will help you personalize your AP® U.S. History prep by testing your understanding, pinpointing your weaknesses, and delivering flashcard study materials unique to you. REA's All Access system allows you to create a personalized study plan through three simple steps. Here's how it works: Review the Book: Study the topics tested on the new AP® U.S. History exam and learn proven strategies that will help you tackle any question you may see on test day. Test Yourself and Get Feedback: As you review the book, test yourself with 9 end-of-chapter quizzes and 2 mini-tests. Score reports from your online tests and quizzes give you a fast way to pinpoint what you really know and what you should spend more time studying. Improve Your Score: Armed with your score reports, you can personalize your study plan. Review the parts of the book where you are weakest, and use the REA Study Center to create your own unique e-flashcards, adding to the 100 free cards included with the book. Visit The REA Study Center for a suite of online tools: The best way to personalize your study plan is to get feedback on what you know and what you don't. At the online REA Study Center, you can access three types of assessment: topic-level quizzes, mini-tests, and a full-length practice test. Each of these tools provides true-to-format questions and delivers a detailed score report that follows the topics set by the College Board®. Topic Level Quizzes: Short, 15-minute quizzes are available throughout the review and test your immediate understanding of the topics just covered. Mini-Tests: Two online mini-tests cover what you've studied in each half of the book. These tests are like the actual AP® U.S. History exam, only shorter, and will help you evaluate your overall understanding of the subject. 2 Full-Length Practice Tests - 1 in the Book and 1 Online After you have finished reviewing the book, take our full-length practice exams to test what you've learned. These practice tests give you the most complete picture of your strengths and weaknesses. The online exam includes the added benefits of timed testing, automatic scoring, and a detailed score report. Improving Your Score with e-Flashcards: With your score reports from the quizzes and tests, you'll be able to see exactly which AP® U.S. History topics you need to review. Use this information to create your own flashcards for the areas where you are weak. And, because you will create these flashcards through the REA Study Center, you'll be able to access them from any computer or smartphone. REA's All Access test prep is a must-have for students taking the AP® U.S. History exam!
Originally published in 1993, this book offers a translation of Christine de Pizan's Christine's Vision, as translated by Glenda K. McLeod. One of France's first professionl writers, Christine de Pizan wrote a large and remarkable body of work, distinguished not only for its variety and quality but also for its unusual blend of introspective and public commentary. As Christine's Vision makes clear, Christine sensed the similarities between her fate and France's and felt a close bond with her adopted land.
In the “tribal moment in American politics,” which occurred from the 1950s to the mid- to late-1970s, American Indians waged civil disobedience for tribal self-determination and fought from within the U.S. legal and political systems. The U.S. government responded characteristically, overall wielding its authority in incremental, frequently double-edged ways that simultaneously opened and restricted tribal options. The actions of Native Americans and public officials brought about a new era of tribal-American relations in which tribal sovereignty has become a central issue, underpinning self-determination, and involving the tribes, states, and federal government in intergovernmental cooperative activities as well as jurisdictional skirmishes. American Indian tribes struggle still with the impacts of a capitalist economy on their traditional ways of life. Most rely heavily on federal support. Yet they have also called on tribal sovereignty to protect themselves. Asking how and why the United States is willing to accept tribal sovereignty, this book examines the development of the “order” of Indian affairs. Beginning with the nation’s founding, it brings to light the hidden assumptions in that order. It examines the underlying deep contradictions that have existed in the relationship between the United States and the tribes as the order has evolved, up to and into the “tribal moment.”
After more than a century of genocides and in the midst of a global pandemic, this book focuses on the critique of biopolitics (the government of life through individuals and the general population) and the counterdevelopment of biopoetics (an aesthetics of life elaborating a self as a practice of freedom) realized in texts by Virginia Woolf, Michel Foucault, and Michael Ondaatje. Their world fiction produces transhistorical, transnational experiences offered to the reader for collective responsibility in these critical times. Their books function as heterotopias: spaces and processes that recall and confront regimes of recognized truths to dismantle fixed identities and actualize possibilities for becoming other. Higgins and Leps define and explore a slant, biopoetic perspective that is feminist, materialist, anti-racist, and anti-war.
Online auctions have undergone many transformations and continue to attract millions of customers worldwide. However these popular platforms remain understudied by legal scholars and misunderstood by legislators. This book explores the legal classification of online auction sites across a range of countries in Europe. Including empirical studies conducted on 28 online auction websites in the UK, the research focusses on the protection of consumers’ economic rights and highlights the shortcomings that the law struggles to control. With examinations into important developments, including the Consumer Rights Directive and the latest case law from the CJEU on the liability of intermediaries, Riefa anticipates changes in the law, and points out further changes that are needed to create a safe legal environment for consumers, whilst preserving the varied business model adopted by online auction sites. The study provides insights into how technical measures as well as a tighter legislative framework or enforcement pattern could provide consumers with better protection, in turn reinforcing trust, and ultimately benefiting the online auction platforms themselves.
Exam Board: Edexcel Level: AS/A-level Subject: History First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2016 Endorsed for Edexcel Enable your students to develop high-level skills in their Edexcel A level History breadth and depth studies through expert narrative and extended reading, including bespoke essays from leading academics - Build a strong understanding of the period studied with authoritative, well-researched content written in an accessible and engaging style - Ensure continual improvement in students' essay writing, interpretation and source analysis skills, using practice questions and trusted guidance on successfully answering exam-style questions - Encourage students to undertake rolling revision and self-assessment by referring to end-of-chapter summaries and diagrams across the years - Help students monitor their progress and consolidate their knowledge through note-making activities and peer-support tasks - Provide students with the opportunity to analyse and evaluate works of real history, with specially commissioned historians' essays and extracts from academic works on the historical interpretations This title has complete coverage of the following units in Edexcel's specification: - England, 1509-1603: authority, nation and religion - Luther and the German Reformation, c1515-55 - The Dutch Revolt, c1563-1609
Mosquitoes and their Control presents a multitude of information on bionomics, systematics, ecology and control of both pestiferous (nuisance) and disease vectors in an easily readable style providing practical guidance and important information to both professional and layman alike. Ninety-two species and subspecies belonging to 8 genera and 18 subgenera are described in the fully illustrated identification keys to adult females and males and fourth-instar larvae. The illustrated keys are followed by a detailed description of the morphology, biology and distribution of each species including over 700 detailed drawings.
Walking tours inspired by famous figures of France, from artists to chefs to historic leaders. Take a stroll through Édith Piaf’s Belleville, dine at Napoléon’s favorite restaurant, and explore the late-night haunts of Ernest Hemingway, Josephine Baker, and Pablo Picasso. From the author of the best-selling City Walks: Paris, this lively collection of walking adventures follows in the footsteps of more than twenty-five of the city’s iconic former residents. Throughout, Paris is seen from the intimate vantage point of those who loved it best, from the bars where authors penned classic works to the markets and patisseries where food lovers indulged. Including photos and full-color maps throughout, each walk in this book guides visitors and locals through the city that inspired some of the world’s most famous artists, writers, chefs, musicians, politicians, and more.
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