Martin Luther (1483-1546) wollte weder eine neue Kirche gründen noch eine Revolution auslösen. Erst der Hochmut der klerikalen Hierarchie und das Ränkespiel der Politik machten aus ihm den wilden Kämpfer und Reformator. Vielleicht das aufregendste Leben der deutschen Religionsgeschichte – kenntnisreich und spannend erzählt. Thomas Müntzer (um 1490–1525) hat als Zeitgenosse und Widerpart von Martin Luther Geschichte geschrieben. Seine Überzeugung, die Kirche müsse für die Verwirklichung des Reiches Gottes auf Erden arbeiten, machte ihn zum Gegner der etablierten Theologie; seine Empörung über die Willkürherrschaft der Fürsten ließ ihn zum Anführer der aufständischen Bauern werden. An der Spitze eines Bauernheeres wurde er im Mai 1525 verhaftet, gefoltert und in der Nähe von Mülhausen hingerichtet. Ihre Lehren waren Ausdruck einer Endzeit, ihr Wirken legte das Fundament einer neuen Epoche. Jeder Reformator steht für eine Phase der rasanten Entwicklung zur Neuzeit. Martin Luther war der fulminante Auftakt der Reformation; Thomas Müntzer radikalisierte ihre soziale Botschaft; Huldrych Zwingli verankerte sie im städtischen Bürgertum; Philipp Melanchthon modernisierte die Bildung; und Johannes Calvin schuf ihre individuelle Ethik.
The book presents about 100 current examples of how energy and materials can be saved in manufacturing companies. They serve to show which measures can be used in modern companies to exploit the potential for resource efficiency. The book is aimed at practitioners in companies and consulting firms, but is also suitable for the university sector as a practical introduction to the topic of resource efficiency. The materials used account for almost 43 percent of the costs of an average industrial company in Germany. Personnel costs, on the other hand, are only 22 percent, while energy costs are as low as 2 percent. If a company wants to save costs, above all it must consider the use of materials and produce in a resource-efficient manner. This simultaneously relieves the environment and reduces dependence on scarce raw materials. The implementation of resource efficiency is not easy. There are indeed numerous starting points in production, often in process innovations or in product development. However, only a few companies publish their measures and savings potentials. In practice, this means that there are often no learning examples in practice, but some of them are explicitly listed in this work. As you can see, resource efficiency in production and products can also be seen as a success factor for many companies. In the project 100 Pioneers in Efficient Resource Management, committed companies from Baden-Wuerttemberg are showing their solutions. The project was carried out by a competent team from the Pforzheim University and the State Agency for Environmental Technology. Leading trade associations in Baden-Württemberg have supported it.
In this textbook we examine the extent to which moral values play a role as productive forces for companies and the economy as a whole, and explores the effect of ethical and unethical behavior at both levels. We show how ethics improves productivity, and provide specific ethics tools for practical application for both students and managers. Stemming from an overall interdisciplinary approach, this textbook fills a gap in the literature on ethics in business. Following a textbook structure, we first derive knowledge from scientific studies that are relevant for students, and then summarize the results. We explain ethical assessment approaches, and then provide an ethical assessment of economic behavior using case studies. Roleplaying and games are used to explain the behavior of people in relation to ethics. The 2nd edition has been completely revised and expanded to include new findings from the behavioral sciences (psychology, social psychology, sociology and behavioral economics). In particular, the research on emotions, motivation and group behavior have given rise to many new impulses in business ethics. In addition, new case studies and new chapters were included, like Politics and Morality, Theories of Justice, Global Ethics, and Institutions as Solutions to Specific Game Situations (game theory). This book is important for students and researchers as well as policymakers and business executives due to its focus on applications.
Looking at cultural appropriation from around the world, this volume uses the field of cultural studies--heavily influenced by both economics and sociology--as a lens through which to view the paradigm of transcultural consumption. The editors present a variety of consumptive phenomena including: the introduction of Chinese foods to the United States, Ford cars in Germany, and American schoolbooks in the Philippines. Rejecting the idea that these interactions were simply forms of "Americanization," Travelling Goods, Travelling Moods fills a gap in consumer studies and enriches the debate about cultural transfer.
This book systematically analyzes the economic dynamics of large emerging economies from an extended Comparative Capitalisms perspective. Coining the phrase ‘state-permeated capitalism’, the authors shift the focus of research from economic policy alone, towards the real world of corporate and state behaviour. On the basis of four empirical case studies (Brazil, India, China, South Africa), the main drivers for robust economic growth in these countries from the 2000s until the 2010s are revealed. These are found, in particular, in mutual institutional compatibilities of ‘state-permeated capitalism’, in their large domestic markets, and beneficial global economic constellations. Differences in their institutional arrangements are explored to explain why China and India have been more economically successful than Brazil and South Africa. The authors highlight substantial challenges for the stability of state-permeated capitalism and assess the potential future growth, sustainability and likely pitfalls for these large emerging economies. Opening further avenues for empirical and theoretical research, this book raises questions for the future of the global economic order and should appeal to academics, graduate students and advanced undergraduates in politics, economics, economic sociology and development studies. It should also prove a worthwhile and provocative read for development practitioners and policy-makers.
The birth of the railway in the early 1830's revolutionized the way the world waged war. From armored engines with swiveling guns, to the practice of track sabotage, to the construction of tracks that crossed frozen Siberian lakes, the "iron road" facilitated conflict on a scale that was previously unimaginable. It not only made armies more mobile, but widened fighting fronts and increased the power and scale of available weaponry; a deadly combination. In Engines of War, Christian Wolmar examines all the engagements in which the railway played a part: the Crimean War; the American Civil War; both world wars; the Korean War; and the Cold War, with its mysterious missile trains; and illustrates how the railway became a deadly weapon exploited by governments across the world.
The design of infrastructure policies is a controversial issue in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, where the dismal state of infrastructure was widely regarded to be one of the major obstacles to economic recovery and sustained growth. With the imminent enlargement of the EU, Christian von Hirschhausen provides a detailed, reflective analysis of the state of infrastructure development in Eastern Europe.
This updated and revised second edition of “Alcohol and Tobacco” reflects the new ICD 11 and DSM V classifications and provides comprehensive descriptions of new therapeutic approaches, outlining the different interactions between personality, environment and the effects of the respective substance. In addition to new data on prevention-based therapies, especially for smoking addiction, the book also presents essential psychological and sociological strategies, and medication-based therapies. Particular attention is given to new medications and new compounds for e-cigarettes, while a broad overview of the American and European epidemiology of alcohol and nicotine addictions rounds out the coverage. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book will appeal to a wide readership, from professionals to researchers and students.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of macroeconomic relationships and explains the most important macroeconomic variables in an easy-to-understand manner. The reader is introduced to important macroeconomic variables such as inflation and aggregate demand in chapters that build on one another. They learn, among other things, how economic crises arise or the role and functioning of money, capital and goods markets. The aim is to provide the reader with economic knowledge that can be applied in business practice. The economics material has been deliberately selected so that business studies content is usefully supplemented. However, detailed explanations and both application-oriented and practice-related examples and exercises make it easy for non-economists to understand the complex economic topics. Well-founded knowledge presented in an immediately comprehensible way!
This textbook takes a new approach to political economy: it combines the well-known non-quantitative theories with the findings of behavioral science and other disciplines such as psychology and sociology. The question of how people behave and how such behavior can be guided towards moral welfare for everyone is the focus of this book. The knowledge is first derived scientifically, then the results are presented in summaries and conclusions. Case studies provide a link to practice. By means of exercises and behavioral games, readers can apply and deepen their acquired knowledge.
HauptbeschreibungIn the last years, the law of international investment protection has increasingly caught the attention of international lawyers, both practitioners and academics. In this regard, two related but often not comprehensively covered aspects are relevant: arbitral proceedings and awards on the one side, and individual commercial interests of enterprises which are engaged in foreign direct investment or international portfolio investment on the other. The applicable law in order to protect these commercial interests is both, of an international and national character, and concerns.
Christian Lehmann brings his experience as a musicologist, singer and academic to this fascinating journey through the origins of music and its role in human development, culture and society. Few books on music are as rewarding as this one. Technical terms are clearly described in a way that appeals to both the musically well-informed and the musically inexperienced. Well-chosen examples and amusing asides help to make this a highly informative and extremely readable book – a must for anyone interested in the development of music and how integral it is to the human condition.
The meaning and function of law in Hannah Arendt's work has never been the subject of a systematic reconstruction. This book examines Arendt's work and reconstructs her ideas through political, legal and constitutional theory, and shows that her engagement with law is continuous as well as crucial to an adequate understanding of her political thought. The author argues that Arendt was very much concerned with the question of an adequate arrangement of law, politics and order – the so-called triad of constitutionalism. By adopting this approach, the author suggests an alternative interpretation of Arendt's thought, which sees her as thinker of political order who considers as crucial a stable and free political order in which political struggle and dissent can occur. Endorsements 'Christian Volk is one of the most original and penetrating Arendt interpreters of his generation. This book addresses some of the most misunderstood aspects of Arendtian thought – namely, her views of law and constitutionalism. Volk does away with a lot of misconceptions and guides us to a novel view of Arendt on these questions and beyond'. Seyla Benhabib, Yale University 'One could not imagine something new on Arendt these days. Too much has been written in the last decades. But this volume discloses new land and gives a fresh look at Arendt's theory of the political. A great book, and a must for every reading list'. Hauke Brunkhorst, University of Flensburg 'Hannah Arendt is famous for her unusual conception of politics, but as Christian Volk's rich and seminal study shows, Arendt's political theory goes hand in hand with a distinctive understanding of law. Volk persuasively charts the emergence of Arendt's complementary approaches to law and politics out of her analysis of the crisis of the European nation-state, and tests the power of her thought by bringing it into a fresh dialogue with an unusually wide spectrum of contemporary theorists. An impressive work that deserves the new audience it will find in this welcome translation'. Patchen Markell, University of Chicago 'Christian Volk splendidly discovers Hannah Arendt as a legal theorist. Lawyers interested in her seminal work should just read this book'. Christoph Möllers, Humboldt University Berlin 'As Christian Volk persuasively demonstrates, reading Arendt as a constitutional theorist is more than just adding another dimension to the interpretation of her work. Based on comprehensive textual evidence, he can instead show that this has important conceptual implications which shed a completely new light on the basic aspects of her overall theoretical outlook. Emphasising the procedural grounding of her understanding of democracy, it thus presents a major challenge to many widely held beliefs about Arendt ́s work and an irresistible invitation to reinvestigate the foundations, promises and prospects of radical politics.' Rainer Schmalz-Bruns, Leibniz University of Hanover
The technologies currently employed for modeling complex systems, such as aircraft, spacecraft, or infrastructures, are sufficient for system description, but do not allow deriving knowledge about the modeled systems. This work provides the means to describe space systems in a way that allows automating activities such as deriving knowledge about critical parts of the system's design, evaluation of test success, and identification of single points of failure.
Die turbulente Rohrströmung ist nicht nur von großer Bedeutung für Anwendungen im Ingenieurbereich, sondern auch für die Grundlagenforschung von wandnaher Turbulenz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Interaktion sogenannter turbulenter Superstrukturen (engl.: very-large-scale motions, VLSMs) mit der kleinskaligen Wandturbulenz auf Basis der Methode der direkten numerischen Simulation untersucht. Dabei werden Schubspannungs-Reynoldszahlen bis Reτ = 2880 und Rohrlängen bis L = 42R berücksichtigt. Es wird das Konvergenz- und Skalierungsverhalten verschiedener statistischer Momente der Geschwindigkeitsverteilung untersucht und in Bezug auf VLSMs diskutiert. Die folgende Analyse der axialen Energietransportgleichung des gefilterten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes legt offen, dass VLSMs Energie von der mittleren Strömung zugeführt bekommen, ähnlich den kleinskaligen Strukturen durch den turbulenten Produktionsmechanismus. Die verschiedenen Terme der Energiebilanz werden sowohl anhand von mittleren Profilen, als auch instantanen Strömungsvisualisierungen und drei-dimensionalen Korrelationen diskutiert, wobei auch auf das Phänomen der inversen turbulenten Energiekaskade eingegangen wird. Die Forschungsarbeit gewährt dabei neue Einblicke in die Interaktion der VLSMs mit dem turbulenten Wandzyklus und trägt zum besseren Verständnis der turbulenten Rohrströmung bei. Turbulent pipe flow is not only of importance to engineering applications but also of fundamental interest to the study of wall-bounded turbulence. In the present work, the interaction of the so-called very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) with the near-wall, small-scale turbulence is explored by means of direct numerical simulation for friction Reynolds numbers up to Reτ = 2880 and pipe lengths up to L = 42R. Besides, the convergence and the scaling of different order moments of the velocity distribution are studied and also discussed with regard to VLSMs. The subsequent analysis of the streamwise energy budget equation of the filtered velocity field reveals that VLSMs obtain their energy from the mean velocity field via a production mechanism similar to the one known from the near-wall cycle. Moreover, the different energy budget terms are investigated by means of statistical averages, instantaneous flow field visualisations, and three-dimensional correlations, wherein the backscattering phenomenon is also dealt with. In brief, the research sheds new light on our understanding of the interaction between VLSMs and the near-wall cycle and leads to a better grasp of turbulent pipe flow in general.
Microelectronics are certainly one of the key-technologies of our time. They are a key factor of technological and economic progress. They effect the fields of automation, information and communication, leading to the development of new applications and markets. Attention should be focused on three areas of development: • process and production technology, • test technology, • design technology. Clearly, because of the development of new application fields, the skill ~f design ing integrated circuits should not be limited to a few, highly specialized experts Rather, this ability should be made available to all system aDd design engineers as a new application technology - just like nrogramrning technology for software. For this reason, design procedures havt: to be developed which, supported by appropriate CAD systems, provide the desIgn englIl~I' with tools for representaltop effective instruments for design and reliable ·tools for verificatibn, ensuring simpre, proper and easily controllable interfaces for the manufacturing and test processes. Such CAD systems are called standard design systems. They open the way to fast and safe design of integrated circuits. First, this book demonstrates basic principles with an example of the Siemens design system VENUS, gives a general introduction to the method of designing integrated circuits, familiarizes the reader with basic semiconductor and circuit tech nologies, shows the various methods of layout design, and presents necessary con cepts and strategies of test technology.
Reading without meditation is sterile; meditation without reading is liable to error; prayer without meditation is lukewarm; meditation without prayer is unfruitful; prayer, when it is fervent, wins contemplation, but to obtain contemplation without prayer would be rare, even miraculous. Bernhard de Clairvaux (12th century) NobodycandenythatIP-basedtra?chasinvadedourdailylifeinmanyways and no one can escape from its di?erent forms of appearance. However, most people are not aware of this fact. From the usage of mobile phones – either as simple telephone or for data transmissions – over the new form of telephone service Voice over IP (VoIP), up to the widely used Internet at the users own PC, in all instances the transmission of the information, encoded in a digital form, relies on the Internet Protocol (IP). So, we should take a brief glimpse at this protocol and its constant companions such as TCP and UDP, which have revolutionized the communication system over the past 20 years. The communication network has experienced a fundamental change, which was dominated up to end of the eighties of the last century by voice appli- tion.Butfromthemiddleoftheninetieswehaveobservedadecisivemigration in the data transmission. If the devoted reader of this monograph reads the title ‘IP tra?c theory and performance’, she/he may ask, why do we have to be concerned with mod- ing IP tra?c, and why do we have to consider and get to know new concepts.
Selected modern aspects of artificially layered structures and bulk materials involving antiferromagnetic long-range order are the main themes of this book. Special emphasis is laid on the prototypical behavior of Ising-type model systems. They play a crucial role in the field of statistical physics and, in addition, contribute to the basic understanding of the exchange bias phenomenon in MBE-grown magnetic heterosystems. Throughout the book, particular attention is given to the interplay between experimental results and their theoretical description, ranging from the famous Lee-Yang theory of phase transitions to novel mechanisms of exchange bias.
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