A comprehensive study of the iron objects found in Tutankhamun’s tomb that include daggers, quivers, arrows, and an elaborately decorated bow case A century after Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon’s sensational discovery in 1922 of the virtually intact tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, the boy-king and his treasures continue to fascinate people all over the world. Although nearly 5,400 objects accompanied the young pharaoh on his journey to the afterlife, many of them have not been investigated in detail. Iron from Tutankhamun’s Tomb analyzes iron artifacts from the tomb in depth for the first time. This group consists of small iron chisels set into wooden handles, an Eye of Horus amulet, a miniature headrest, and the blade of a richly decorated golden dagger. The most important of these were placed in close proximity to the king’s mummy, emphasizing the high value attributed to this rare material in late Bronze Age Egypt—a time when iron smelting was not yet known in the land of the Nile. Written by a research team of archaeologists, scientists, and conservators, this comprehensive study explores in fascinating detail the context and meaning of these artifacts, while establishing for the first time that Tutankhamun’s iron came from meteorites. They complete their examination with the results of chemical analyses, offering in the process a rich overall understanding of iron and its significance in ancient Egypt.
A comprehensive study of the iron objects found in Tutankhamun’s tomb that include daggers, quivers, arrows, and an elaborately decorated bow case A century after Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon’s sensational discovery in 1922 of the virtually intact tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, the boy-king and his treasures continue to fascinate people all over the world. Although nearly 5,400 objects accompanied the young pharaoh on his journey to the afterlife, many of them have not been investigated in detail. Iron from Tutankhamun’s Tomb analyzes iron artifacts from the tomb in depth for the first time. This group consists of small iron chisels set into wooden handles, an Eye of Horus amulet, a miniature headrest, and the blade of a richly decorated golden dagger. The most important of these were placed in close proximity to the king’s mummy, emphasizing the high value attributed to this rare material in late Bronze Age Egypt—a time when iron smelting was not yet known in the land of the Nile. Written by a research team of archaeologists, scientists, and conservators, this comprehensive study explores in fascinating detail the context and meaning of these artifacts, while establishing for the first time that Tutankhamun’s iron came from meteorites. They complete their examination with the results of chemical analyses, offering in the process a rich overall understanding of iron and its significance in ancient Egypt.
Building on his award-winning research, Christian Mauder’s In the Sultan’s Salon constitutes the first detailed study of the intellectual, religious, and political culture of the court of the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517), one of the most important polities in Islamic history.
What is Dynamics about? In broad terms, the goal of Dynamics is to describe the long term evolution of systems for which an "infinitesimal" evolution rule is known. Examples and applications arise from all branches of science and technology, like physics, chemistry, economics, ecology, communications, biology, computer science, or meteorology, to mention just a few. These systems have in common the fact that each possible state may be described by a finite (or infinite) number of observable quantities, like position, velocity, temperature, concentration, population density, and the like. Thus, m the space of states (phase space) is a subset M of an Euclidean space M . Usually, there are some constraints between these quantities: for instance, for ideal gases pressure times volume must be proportional to temperature. Then the space M is often a manifold, an n-dimensional surface for some n
This book provides an overview of the myriad methods for applying dynamical systems techniques to PDEs and highlights the impact of PDE methods on dynamical systems. Also included are many nonlinear evolution equations, which have been benchmark models across the sciences, and examples and techniques to strengthen preparation for research. PDE Dynamics: An Introduction is intended for senior undergraduate students, beginning graduate students, and researchers in applied mathematics, theoretical physics, and adjacent disciplines. Structured as a textbook or seminar reference, it can be used in courses titled Dynamics of PDEs, PDEs 2, Dynamical Systems 2, Evolution Equations, or Infinite-Dimensional Dynamics.
This book provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to understanding GARCH time series models and their applications whilst presenting the most advanced results concerning the theory and practical aspects of GARCH. The probability structure of standard GARCH models is studied in detail as well as statistical inference such as identification, estimation and tests. The book also provides coverage of several extensions such as asymmetric and multivariate models and looks at financial applications. Key features: Provides up-to-date coverage of the current research in the probability, statistics and econometric theory of GARCH models. Numerous illustrations and applications to real financial series are provided. Supporting website featuring R codes, Fortran programs and data sets. Presents a large collection of problems and exercises. This authoritative, state-of-the-art reference is ideal for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in business and finance seeking to broaden their skills of understanding of econometric time series models.
Geometric Topology can be defined to be the investigation of global properties of a further structure (e.g. differentiable, Riemannian, complex,algebraic etc.) one can impose on a topological manifold. At the C.I.M.E. session in Montecatini, in 1990, three courses of lectures were given onrecent developments in this subject which is nowadays emerging as one of themost fascinating and promising fields of contemporary mathematics. The notesof these courses are collected in this volume and can be described as: 1) the geometry and the rigidity of discrete subgroups in Lie groups especially in the case of lattices in semi-simple groups; 2) the study of the critical points of the distance function and its appication to the understanding of the topology of Riemannian manifolds; 3) the theory of moduli space of instantons as a tool for studying the geometry of low-dimensional manifolds. CONTENTS: J. Cheeger: Critical Points of Distance Functions and Applications to Geometry.- M. Gromov, P. Pansu, Rigidity of Lattices: An Introduction.- Chr. Okonek: Instanton Invariants and Algebraic Surfaces.
The Rough Guide to Germany is the ultimate travel guide to this dynamic country. Now in full colour throughout, dozens of colour photos illustrate Germany's stylish cities and beautiful landscapes, its meandering rivers and picture-perfect castles. Detailed accounts of every attraction provide all the information you need to explore the country's exceptional museums, iconic architecture, and its many rural escapes, from the soaring Bavarian Alps and dense woodlands of the Black Forest to the beautiful beaches and islands of the North Sea or the idyllic Rhineland vineyards where you can sample some of the country's many world-class wines. The guide's bevy of practical advice ensures that, no matter what your budget, you'll find the perfect boutique hotel, convivial hostel, authentic cellar restaurant, stylish gourmet haunt, design-conscious shop, cutting-edge arts venue or hip bar and club,all marked on the book's many colour maps. The Rough Guide to Germany includes well-researched historical and cultural background to help you understand and appreciate this complex country and, above all, make the most of your holiday.
We study the boundary behaviour of a conformal map of the unit disk onto an arbitrary simply connected plane domain. A principal aim of the theory is to obtain a one-to-one correspondence between analytic properties of the function and geometrie properties of the domain. In the classical applications of conformal mapping, the domain is bounded by a piecewise smooth curve. In many recent applications however, the domain has a very bad boundary. It may have nowhere a tangent as is the case for Julia sets. Then the conformal map has many unexpected properties, for instance almost all the boundary is mapped onto almost nothing and vice versa. The book is meant for two groups of users. (1) Graduate students and others who, at various levels, want to learn about conformal mapping. Most sections contain exercises to test the understand ing. They tend to be fairly simple and only a few contain new material. Pre requisites are general real and complex analyis including the basic facts about conformal mapping (e.g. AhI66a). (2) Non-experts who want to get an idea of a particular aspect of confor mal mapping in order to find something useful for their work. Most chapters therefore begin with an overview that states some key results avoiding tech nicalities. The book is not meant as an exhaustive survey of conformal mapping. Several important aspects had to be omitted, e.g. numerical methods (see e.g.
Proper treatment of structural behavior under severe loading - such as the performance of a high-rise building during an earthquake - relies heavily on the use of probability-based analysis and decision-making tools. Proper application of these tools is significantly enhanced by a thorough understanding of the underlying theoretical and computation
The economy of the 21st century in the OECD countries and in China, is characterized by a new phenomenon: the structural surplus of private savings in relation to private investment. This is true even in a situation of prosperity and very low interest rates. On the one hand, this excess saving is due to people's increasing inclination to save in light of rising life expectancy, driven by the desire to have sufficient assets in old age. On the other hand, the demand for capital is not increasing to the same extent, so that investment is not keeping pace with the rising desire to save. The resulting gap between the private desire for wealth and private investment can only be closed by increasing public debt. This open access book offers a new, capital-theoretical perspective on the macroeconomic relationship between desired wealth and investment, and it presents new empirical data on private wealth and its composition in the OECD plus China area. The authors argue that a free economic and social order can only be stabilized if the wealth aspirations of individuals are met under conditions of price stability. This is not possible without substantial net public debt. A new way of thinking about the economy as a whole is required. By way of an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis, the book demonstrates this new way of thinking and describes the current challenges facing economic policy. It will appeal to economists and students of economics who are interested in macroeconomic theory and its economic policy implications. An impressive, and convincing theoretical dive into the fundamentals behind secular stagnation, with very strong implications for actual debt policy. Public debt may be needed to improve welfare. - Olivier Blanchard, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Professor of Economics Emeritus at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund from 2008 to 2015. Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century gives a wholly new perspective on macroeconomics. (...) Weizsäcker and Krämer describe a simple, practical solution to the underemployment that has plagued Southern Europe for more than a decade. - George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2001. Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a profound and original contribution that can help us to understand and act on the great issues of our times. - Nicholas Stern, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics. Author of the Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change. Chief Economist at the World Bank from 2000 to 2003.
Associations of marine algae with symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms are ubiquitous phenomena known for a long time. However, there is an almost complete lack of knowledge on details of such interactions. The intention of this study is to use the potentials of modern biological and biochemical techniques in order to analyze the reaction of brown algal hosts to the attack by pathogens and epibionts. A 3-year field study at different localities on the European Atlantic coast revealed that Pylaiella littoralis populations were subject to massive epidemics of the parasites Eurychasma dicksonii, Chytridium polysiphoniae and Anisolpidium rosenvingei. Laboratory cultures were used to investigate the association of Eurychasma and Chytridium with brown algal hosts from different taxonomic groups: Eurychasma has a much broader host range than Chytridium, comprising members of all brown algal orders investigated, and it tolerates a wider range of temperatures than the latter. Phylogenetic studies based upon 18 S rRNA genes revealed that Eurychasma dicksonii belongs to the Oomycota, branching at an ancestral position between terrestrial plant pathogens and free-living members of the marine heterotrophic picoplankton. Chytridium polysiphoniae, a fungus, appears more closely related to the genera Rhizophydium and Spizellomyces (Chytridiomycota) than to other known Chytridium species. Chytridium produces chitin, whilst Eurychasma does not. Early stages of Eurychasma infection have a rather modest effect on host physiology. The photosynthetic capacity is enhanced, suggesting a temporary stimulation of host metabolism for hypertrophic growth. Chytridium, in contrast, has an immediate detrimental effect on host photosynthesis, which breaks down once a cell is infected, leading to the rapid death of infected cells.
In this second edition, a comprehensive review is given for path integration in two- and three-dimensional (homogeneous) spaces of constant and non-constant curvature, including an enumeration of all the corresponding coordinate systems which allow separation of variables in the Hamiltonian and in the path integral. The corresponding path integral solutions are presented as a tabulation. Proposals concerning interbasis expansions for spheroidal coordinate systems are also given. In particular, the cases of non-constant curvature Darboux spaces are new in this edition. The volume also contains results on the numerical study of the properties of several integrable billiard systems in compact domains (i.e. rectangles, parallelepipeds, circles and spheres) in two- and three-dimensional flat and hyperbolic spaces. In particular, the discussions of integrable billiards in circles and spheres (flat and hyperbolic spaces) and in three dimensions are new in comparison to the first edition. In addition, an overview is presented on some recent achievements in the theory of the Selberg trace formula on Riemann surfaces, its super generalization, their use in mathematical physics and string theory, and some further results derived from the Selberg (super-) trace formula.
The term differential-algebraic equation was coined to comprise differential equations with constraints (differential equations on manifolds) and singular implicit differential equations. Such problems arise in a variety of applications, e.g. constrained mechanical systems, fluid dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, simulation of electrical networks, and control engineering. From a more theoretical viewpoint, the study of differential-algebraic problems gives insight into the behaviour of numerical methods for stiff ordinary differential equations. These lecture notes provide a self-contained and comprehensive treatment of the numerical solution of differential-algebraic systems using Runge-Kutta methods, and also extrapolation methods. Readers are expected to have a background in the numerical treatment of ordinary differential equations. The subject is treated in its various aspects ranging from the theory through the analysis to implementation and applications.
The Rough Guide to Germany is the ultimate travel guide with clear maps and detailed coverage of all the best attractions Germany has to offer. Discover the dynamic regions of Germany from the lively nightlife in Berlin, magnificent Baroque gardens in Northern Germany, medieval castles and historical towns, to the flavours of German cuisine. Packed with detailed, practical advice on what to see and do in Germany this guide provides reliable, up-to-date descriptions of the best hotels in Germany, German bars, recommended restaurants in Germany, and tips on the best shopping and festivals in Germany for all budgets. Featuring detailed coverage on a full range of attractions; from the spas of Baden-Baden and the galleries of Dresden, to boat trips in Hamburg and the jazz clubs of Munich, you'll find expert tips on exploring Germany's amazing attractions with an authoritative background on Germany's rich culture and history. Explore all corners of Germany with the clearest maps of any guide and practical German language tips. Make the most of your holiday with The Rough Guide to Germany.
Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of orthopaedic trauma experts! In print and online, you'll find the in-depth knowledge you need to manage any type of traumatic injury in adults. Major updates keep you up to speed on current trends such as the management of osteoporotic and fragility fractures, locked plating technology, post-traumatic reconstruction, biology of fracture repair, biomechanics of fractures and fixation, disaster management, occupational hazards of radiation and blood-borne infection, effective use of orthotics, and more. A DVD of operative video clips shows you how to perform 25 key procedures step by step. A new, full-color page layout makes it easier to locate the answers you need quickly. And now, for the first time, you can access the complete contents online, for enhanced ease and speed of reference! Complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and associated complications equips you to confidently approach every form of traumatic injury. Enhanced and updated coverage keeps you current on the latest knowledge, procedures, and trends - including post-traumatic reconstruction, management of osteoporotic and fragility fractures, locked plating systems, mini incision techniques, biology of fracture repair, biomechanics of fractures and fixation, disaster management, occupational hazards of radiation and blood-borne infection, effective use of orthotics, and much more. More than six hours of operative videos on DVD demonstrate 25 of the very latest and most challenging techniques in real time, including minimally invasive vertebral disc resection, vertebroplasty, and lumbar decompression and stabilization. Online access allows you to rapidly search the complete contents from any computer. New editor Christian Kretek contributes additional international expertise to further enhance the already exceptional editorial lineup. An all-new, more user-friendly full-color text design enables you to find answers more quickly, and more efficiently review the key steps of each operative technique. More than 2,400 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos show you exactly what to look for and how to proceed.
This book provides an introduction to dynamical systems with multiple time scales. The approach it takes is to provide an overview of key areas, particularly topics that are less available in the introductory form. The broad range of topics included makes it accessible for students and researchers new to the field to gain a quick and thorough overview. The first of its kind, this book merges a wide variety of different mathematical techniques into a more unified framework. The book is highly illustrated with many examples and exercises and an extensive bibliography. The target audience of this book are senior undergraduates, graduate students as well as researchers interested in using the multiple time scale dynamics theory in nonlinear science, either from a theoretical or a mathematical modeling perspective.
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