Non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another" is one of the three main non-contractual obligations dealt with in the DCFR. The law of non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another (in the Common Law known as tort law or the law of torts, but in most other jurisdictions referred to as the law of delict) is the area of law which determines whether one who has suffered a damage can on that account demand reparation (in money or in kind) from another with whom there may be no other legal connection than the causation of damage itself. Besides determining the scope and extent of responsibility for dangers of one's own or another's creation, this field of law serves to protect fundamental rights in the private law domain, that is to say horizontally between citizens inter se. Based on pan-European comparative research which annotates the work, this volume presents model rules on liability. Explanatory comments and illustrations amplify the policy decisions involved. During the drafting process, comparative material from over 25 different EU jurisdictions has been taken into account. The work therefore is not only a presentation of a future model for European rules to come but provides also a fairly detailed indication of the present legal situation in the Member States.
Unjustified enrichment" is one of the three main non-contractual obligations dealt with in the DCFR. In recent years unjustified enrichment has been one of the most intellectually animated areas of private law. In an area of law whose territory is still partially uncharted and whose boundaries are contested, this volume of Principles of European Law will be invaluable for academic analysis of the law and its development by the courts. During the drafting process, comparative material from over 25 different EU jurisdictions has been taken into account. The work therefore is not only a presentation of a future model for European rules to come but provides also a fairly detailed indication of the present legal situation in the Member States.
In all legal systems of the European Union the law of contract and the law of tort form the main pillars of the law of obligations. Legal history and comparative law show, however, that it is not possible to cope with these two bodies of rules alone – even if their scope of application is generously conceived. Another part of the law of obligations, alongside the law of unjustified enrichment, which to some extent lies “between” contract and tort and fills the gaps that those areas of the law leave behind, is subject of this Book. The Study Group on a European Civil Code has drafted Principles relating to the unsolicited and voluntary undertaking of another’s affairs on the basis of a reasonable ground for intervention: “Principles of European Law: Benevolent Intervention in Another’s Affairs”.
Against the background of the creation of an EU-wide frame of reference for private law relevant to the Common Market, this study, which was requested by the EU Commission, analyses the dovetailing between contract and tort law on the one hand, and between contract and property law on the other. The study examines the legal orders of almost all the Member States of the EU, illustrates the differences between contractual and non-contractual liability and evaluates the different systems of the transfer of property, of movable and immovable securities as well as trust law. The study comes to the conclusion that the intensive considerations on the creation of a model-law in the area of European private law do not allow these thoughts to be limited to contract law. Such a limitation to the scope of the regarding of this area would probably cause more problems than it would solve, or at any rate not do justice to the needs of the Common Market.
If Students Need to Know It, It's in This Book This book develops the English and language arts skills of seventh graders. It fosters skill mastery that helps them succeed both in school and on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). Why The Princeton Review? We have more than 20 years of experience helping students master the skills needed to excel on standardized tests. Each year we help more than 2 million students score higher and earn better grades. We Know the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System Our experts at The Princeton Review have analyzed the MCAS, and this book provides the most up-to-date, thoroughly researched information possible. We break down the test into its individual skills to familiarize students with the test's structure while increasing their overall skill level. We Get Results We know what it takes to succeed in the classroom and on tests. This book includes strategies that are proven to improve student performance. We provide - content review based on Massachusetts standards and objectives - detailed lessons, complete with skill-specific activities - 2 complete practice MCAS English language arts tests.
The concept of opposing forces of good and evil expressed in a broad range of moral qualities--virtues and vices--is one of the most dominant themes in the history of Christian art. The complex interrelationship of these moral traits received considerable study in the medieval period, resulting in a vast and elaborate system of imagery that has been largely neglected by modern scholarship. Rich resources for the study of this important subject are made available by this volume, which publishes the complete holdings of the more than 230 personifications of Virtues and Vices in the Index of Christian Art's text files. Ranging from Abstinence to Wisdom and from Ambition to Wrath, and covering depictions of the Tree of Virtues, the Tree of Vices, and the Conflict of Virtues and Vices, this is the largest and most comprehensive collection of such personifications in existence. The catalogue documents the occurrence of these Virtues and Vices in well over 1,000 works of art produced between the fifth and the fifteenth centuries. The entries include objects in twelve different media and give detailed information on their current location, date, and subject. This extract from the Index of Christian Art's files, the first to be published, is accompanied by six essays devoted to the theme of virtue and vice. They investigate topics such as the didactic function of the bestiaries and the Physiologus, female personifications in the Psychomachia of Prudentius, the Virtues in the Floreffe Bible frontispiece, and good and evil in the architectural sculpture of German sacramentary houses. The contributors are Ron Baxter, Anne-Marie Bouché, Jesse M. Gellrich, S. Georgia Nugent, Colum Hourihane, and Achim Timmerman.
Savvy—n. Practical know-how. FrontPage 2003 makes web development and maintenance easier than ever. At the same time, it holds more power than ever—meaning that even experienced users can use some help taking advantage of everything it has to offer. Microsoft FrontPage 2003 Savvy provides that help. Using a variety of informational, corporate, and commercial sites as examples, this book walks you through the web development cycle. You'll learn how to define and meet specific site goals, make wise technical choices, overcome inevitable obstacles, and keep the site working and evolving in ways that makes all its stakeholders happy. Tutorial-based instruction gets you up and running no matter what your experience. You'll also get focused coverage of new FrontPage features, including accessibility checking and improved CSS and Sharepoint support. Continue your progress with in-depth examinations of advanced topics plus hard-to-find workarounds and shortcuts. And beautifully realized examples, both online and in the book's full-color insert, demonstrate some of the things you can achieve with FrontPage 2003. Coverage includes: Planning: workspace customization, site architecture, content acquisition, server setup, team-building. Building: page layout, graphics placement, formatting text and links, navigation design and implementation. Adding dynamic content: animation, ActiveX controls and other advanced objects, forms. Integrating applications: database connectivity, scripting, dynamic page content, search engines. Administration: back-end interface design, remote maintenance, setting up your own web server.
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