Once spoken only in Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala, the Xinkan language family is unique within Mesoamerica, comprising four closely related languages that are unrelated to any of the other language groups used within the region. Descriptions of Xinkan date to 1770 but are typically only sketches or partial word lists. Not even the community of indigenous people who identify as Xinka today—the last speakers—have had access to a reliable descriptive source on their ancestral tongue. Preserving this endangered communication system in accurate, thorough detail, The Use and Development of the Xinkan Languages presents a historical framework, internal classifications, and both synchronic and diachronic descriptions, incorporating all elements of grammar based on extensive unpublished data collected in the 1970s by Lyle Campbell and Terrence Kaufman. This valuable contribution is enhanced by author Chris Rogers’s emphasis on contextualizing the findings. Introducing the languages, Rogers presents important information regarding the social and cultural milieu of the speakers. He also traces a phonological reconstruction of Proto-Xinkan and reconstructs historical morphology and syntax. These revelations are of particular interest because the development of Xinka and the many aspects of Xinka morphosyntax have not been well understood. A sample text, “Na Mulha Uy,” is included as well. Solving numerous complex, centuries-old linguistic puzzles, The Use and Development of the Xinkan Languages unlocks new potential for the rediscovery of a rich cultural history.
* Is it the role of English teachers to teach basic literacy skills? * If not, what do English teachers think they should be doing? * How should basic literacy be taught in schools? These are important questions which have recently attracted significant political, media and parental debate. In addressing them, this book explores the question What is English Teaching? from a variety of perspectives, including teachers' beliefs about what they should be teaching, the views of the government, and the reality of young people's experiences in the 1990s. In particular, it explores the question of how - and even whether - the English subject area is capable of meeting its own, and the outside world's, expectations for teaching not only its specialist concerns, but also general literacy. The book explores ways in which the teaching of English might develop - for instance, by balancing its efforts evenly between literature study, media study and knowledge about language - and how it might contribute to wider literacy teaching, by sharing its distinctive teaching strategies with teachers of other subjects.
Chris Fitzgerald’s Business English Manual is the perfect book for ambitious people who want to improve their business vocabulary. Comprehensive and challenging, it is the ideal guide for self-study, and offers readers the opportunity to enhance their understanding of business English by supporting and guiding them with detailed notes and useful ideas on how they can improve their ability to communicate within an international business context.
The Earliest English provides a student-friendly introduction to Old English and the earliest periods of the history of the English Language as it evolved before 1215. Using non-technical language, the book covers basic terminology, the linguistic and cultural backgrounds to the emergence and development of OE, and the OE vocabulary that students studying this phase of the English language need to know. In eight carefully structured units, the authors show how the vocabulary of Old English contains many items familiar to us today; how its characteristic poetic form is based on a beautiful and intricate simplicity; how its patterns of word building and inflectional structure are paralleled in several present day languages and how and why the English language and its literature continued to change so that by the mid-12th century the English language looks more like the 'English' that we are familiar with in the 21st century. Features of the book include: the provision of accessible guides to some important 'problem topics' of classical OE stimulating cross-linguistic comparisons, e.g. the pronoun system of OE as compared with the pronoun system of present day Dutch cleverly laid out translation exercises, with structural help in the form of selective glossaries careful division into eight units, designed for both classroom use and self-study Written in a clear and accessible manner, The Earliest English provides a comprehensive introduction to the evolution of Old English language and literature, and will be an invaluable textbook for students of English Language and Linguistics.
This book presents a critical analysis and investigation of current developments and debates in the use of information technology (IT) in English language teaching (ELT) internationally. The first section of the book provides an overview of the key issues in IT and innovation in English language education such as the complex nature of IT and its use in ELT, both in the present and future, and the often problematic nature of innovation in relation to IT and ELT. It focuses primarily on the level of programs and curricula, looking at the way organizations and educational systems in different countries respond to the so-called “IT imperative.” The second section adopts a more overtly social constructivist perspective to explore examples of innovative practice in IT use in ELT around the world. It tackles issues arising from classroom implementation and pedagogy, looking at the way learners and teachers can and do use IT in their everyday practice. The final section investigates the problems of building a community of professional practice in IT in English language education. It focuses on the level of professional development and teacher education and in doing so, demonstrates how the implementation of IT in schools and classrooms can be enhanced through taking into account key aspects of teachers’ existing contexts and professional practices. Throughout the book, the contributors adopt a constructive but critical perspective on the use of IT in English language education, often challenging its role in developing learner autonomy, its effectiveness in developing language learning and its capacity to enhance pedagogic practice in the language teaching classroom, at the same time suggesting effective models and guidelines for good practice.
Why do children learning to read English take more than two years to attain basic literacy, while children learning to read phonetic languages such as Italian achieve the same level within a year? Why are the effects of dyslexia so much more limiting for readers of English than for those reading phonetic languages? Over 40% of people in English-speaking countries are functionally illiterate, and the implications of this startling figure extend beyond the individual. Health care costs of people with low literacy are significantly higher than those with high literacy. Studies have even revealed a link between low literacy and higher rates of imprisonment. The list of social impacts goes on. Readable English: Why learning to read English is so hard and how to make it easier is a compact book bursting with big ideas. It explains in simple terms just why the English language is so hard to learn to read. It also describes a revolutionary new system called Readable English, which draws on recent developments in neuroscience and brain plasticity to help everyone learn to read, write and speak English more easily. People who are interested in the English language or the science of reading will find this book interesting. Specifically, English language educators will be introduced to a new teaching method and parents of children learning to read, struggling with reading or learning English as a second language will find this book informative and helpful. The book includes the sound for each of the phonemes in English accompanied by videos and instructions for how to make each of the sounds. It also includes the videos used for teaching Readable English, such as videos that explain to students the complexities of the English language. The program is designed to convince students that any difficulties they face with reading aren’t their fault: the problems are the fault of the language, which Readable English ‘fixes’. Based on theory and data, I can recommend Readable English in the strongest possible terms. It has the potential to transform the teaching of English. Emeritus Professor John Sweller Educational psychologist and creator of cognitive load theory
Cambridge Academic English is a three-level integrated skills course for higher education students at university or on foundation courses. Designed specifically for students preparing for university, this integrated skills course develops language and real academic skills essential for successful university studies across disciplines. With authentic lectures and seminars, language informed by the Cambridge Academic Corpus and Academic Word Lists, the course guarantees the English that students learn is up to date and relevant to them. The Teacher's Book provides extensive teacher support including teaching notes and additional photocopiable worksheets for the classroom.
A clear introduction to English phonetics and phonology, tailored to suit the needs of individual, one-term course modules. Contains exercises, discussion questions, a comprehensive glossary of each term introduced, and has a helpful companion website. An essential text for all those embarking on the study of English sounds at undergraduate level.
A new series of bespoke, full-coverage resources developed for the 2015 GCSE English qualifications. Written for the 2015 AQA GCSE English Literature specification, this Student Book provides in-depth support for studying Telling Tales - the AQA Anthology of Modern Short Stories. With a dedicated unit for each short story, this resource builds students' skills and confidence in understanding and writing about these exciting short texts. An exam preparation section includes practice questions, example answers and a chart comparing themes and ideas. See also our Short Story Anthology print and digital pack, which comprises the print Student Book, the enhanced digital edition and a free Teacher's Resource.
Cambridge Global English Stages 7-9 follow the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (ESL) Curriculum Framework. Coursebook 8 is organised into eighteen thematic units of study based on the Cambridge International English Scheme of Work for Stage 8. The topics and situations in Cambridge Global English have been selected to reflect this diversity and encourage learning about each other's lives through the medium of English. It presents realistic listening, speaking, reading and writing tasks, as well as end-of-unit projects similar to those students might encounter in the context of a first-language school. After every other unit, there is a literature spread, featuring authentic texts from a variety of sources. CEFR Level - B1
English Unlimited is a six-level (A1 to C1) goals-based course for adults. Centred on purposeful, real-life objectives, it prepares learners to use English independently for global communication. Through universal topics and activities, and a focus on intercultural competence as a 'fifth skill', this international coursebook helps learners become more sensitive, more effective communicators. Teaching natural, dependable language, and with CEFR goals at its core, it brings real life into the classroom and gives learners the skills and strategies to communicate confidently outside it. The 'Explore' sections provide the extra ingredients for enhancing communicative ability, from further development of speaking skills to independent learning strategies. The English Unlimited Elementary A Combo includes Coursebook units Intro to 7 as well as the e-Portfolio and Self-Study DVD-ROM.
Cambridge Global English Stages 7-9 follow the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (ESL) Curriculum Framework. Workbook 8 is organised into eighteen thematic units of study based on the Cambridge International Examinations English as a Second Language Scheme of Work for Stage 8 The units are carefully structured to reinforce the language learning of the Coursebook, at the same time as extending students' knowledge via a range of exercise types. CEFR Level: B1.
Designed for students preparing for university, this integrated skills course develops the language and real academic skills essential for successful university studies across disciplines. With authentic lectures and seminars, the course guarantees that the English and the study skills students learn are up to date and relevant to them.
Cambridge Global English Stages 7-9 follow the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (ESL) Curriculum Framework. Coursebook 7 is organised into eighteen thematic units based on the Cambridge International Examinations Scheme of Work for Stage 7. The topics and situations in Cambridge Global English have been selected to reflect this diversity and encourage learning about each other's lives through the medium of English. It presents realistic listening, speaking, reading and writing tasks, as well as end-of-unit projects similar to those students might encounter in the context of a first-language school. After every other unit, there is a literature spread, featuring authentic prose, poetry, plays and songs from a variety of sources. CEFR Level - low B1
Cambridge Academic English is a three-level integrated skills course for higher education students at university or on foundation courses. Designed specifically for students preparing for university, this integrated skills course develops the language and real academic skills essential for successful university studies across disciplines. With authentic lectures and seminars, and with language informed by the Cambridge Academic Corpus and Academic Word Lists, the course guarantees that the English and the study skills students learn are up to date and relevant to them. The Teacher's Book provides extensive teacher support including teaching notes and additional worksheets for the classroom.
Cambridge Global English Stages 7-9 follow the Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (ESL) Curriculum Framework. Coursebook 9 includes eighteen thematic units based on the Cambridge International Examinations Scheme of Work for Stage 9. Our Stage 9 Coursebook lays the foundation for learners who may go on to the Cambridge IGCSE ESL qualification. The topics and situations in Cambridge Global English reflect international diversity and encourage learning about different ways of life. It presents realistic listening, speaking, reading and writing tasks, and end-of-unit projects similar to those students might encounter in first-language English context. After every other unit, there is a literature spread featuring authentic prose and poetry from a variety of sources. CEFR Level: B1+
First Published in 2004. Four things dominated the life of the mediaeval noble: warfare, politics, land and family. It is with these central themes that this book is concerned. It encompasses the whole of the upper segment of the late medieval society; examines the relation of social status and political influence; describes the noble household and council; examines in detail the territorial and familial policies pursued by great landholders; emphasises the inter-relationship of local and national affairs; is arranged thematically, making it ideal for student use and has implications for the whole medieval period.
Want to get boys excited about poetry? Try establishing a wiki-war on the use of form and structure. Or perhaps a podcast to develop close analysis of language. How about getting them blogging about their favourite characters? Based on established principles of the best ways to use ICT in English, this practical resource looks at when and how ICT can be used to engage and inspire students of English, but only when it enhances teaching and learning, never for its own sake. Beginning with an overview of what ICT can offer and how it is changing the way we teach and learn, the authors then give practical examples of activities and ideas to attain key English skills and learning goals in secondary schools. Throughout the book, there are tried-and-tested ideas for tackling the hard-to-teach topics, and there is also a dedicated website with links to useful websites, the authors' favourite tips and downloadable resources.
This book provides a thorough examination of the relations between the men in the British, French and American armies on the Western Front of the First World War. The Allied victory in 1918 was built on the backs of British, French, and American soldiers who joined together to fight for a common cause. Using the diaries, records, and letters of these men, Chris Kempshall shows how these soldiers interacted with each other during four years of war. The British army that arrived in France in 1914 became isolated from their French allies and unable to coordinate with them. By 1916, Britain’s professional soldiers were replaced by civilians who learned to love their French ally, who reached out to them in friendship. At the end of the war the introduction of American soldiers caused hope and conflict before perceived British failures brought the alliance to the brink of collapse. Final cooperation between these three nations saw them victorious.
English Unlimited is a six-level (A1 to C1) goals-based course for adults. Centred on purposeful, real-life objectives, it prepares learners to use English independently for global communication. Through universal topics and activities, and a focus on intercultural competence as a 'fifth skill', this international coursebook helps learners become more sensitive, more effective communicators. Teaching natural, dependable language, and with CEFR goals at its core, it brings real life into the classroom and gives learners the skills and strategies to communicate confidently outside it. The 'Explore' sections provide the extra ingredients for enhancing communicative ability, from further development of speaking skills to independent learning strategies. The English Unlimited Pre-intermediate A Combo with DVD-ROMs includes Coursebook Units Intro to 7 as well as the e-Portfolio and Self-Study DVD-ROM.
Students often struggle to understand linguistic concepts through examples of language data provided in class or in texts. Presented with ambiguous information, students frequently respond that they do not 'get it'. The solution is to find an example of humour that relies on the targeted ambiguity. Once they laugh at the joke, they have tacitly understood the concept, and then it is only a matter of explaining why they found it funny. Utilizing cartoons and jokes illustrating linguistic concepts, this book makes it easy to understand these concepts, while keeping the reader's attention and interest. Organized like a course textbook in linguistics, it covers all the major topics in a typical linguistics survey course, including communication systems, phonetics and phonology, morphemes, words, phrases, sentences, language use, discourses, child language acquisition and language variation, while avoiding technical terminology.
This book covers all of Hans-George Gadamer major works, ideas and influences and provides a firm grounding in the central themes of Gadamer's thought. Students will discover information, analysis and criticism. A-Z entries include a clear definition of all the key terms used in Gadamer's writings and detailed synopses of his key works, including his magnum opus, Truth and Method. The Dictionary also includes entries on Gadamer's major philosophical influences, from Plato to Heidegger, and his contemporaries, including Derrida and Habermas. It covers everything that is essential to a sound understanding of Gadamer's 'philosophical hermeneutics', offering clear and accessible explanations of often complex terminology.
RTI is more than just a buzzword—it’s a success story! RTI isn’t just about interventions—it’s about assessing how all students respond to instruction. Here, you’ll learn to translate RTI from research to practice and build a realistic plan of action for your school. Concrete recommendations and resources include: Interventions linked to the Common Core, with emphasis on college and career readiness Practical strategies for screening, progress monitoring, and diagnostics Sample approaches to specific interventions across the curriculum
face2face Second edition is the flexible, easy-to-teach, 6-level course (A1 to C1) for busy teachers who want to get their adult and young adult learners to communicate with confidence. face2face Second edition is informed by Cambridge English Corpus and its vocabulary syllabus has been mapped to the English Vocabulary Profile, meaning students learn the language they really need at each CEFR level. The course improves students' listening skills by drawing their attention to the elements of spoken English that are difficult to understand. The free DVD-ROM in the Upper Intermediate Student's Book includes consolidation activities and electronic portfolio for learners to track their progress with customisable tests and grammar and vocabulary reference sections.
Chris Barker's best-selling Cultural Studies has established itself as the leading undergraduate introduction to Cultural Studies. It takes the student through all they need to know: the theoretical foundations and developments of Cultural Studies and the questions that occupy the field today, from the multiple meanings of 'culture' itself to ideology, language, subjectivity, sex, space, race, media, the urban, youth and resistance. With its concise, accessible definitions, stimulating activities, checked 'key points', chapter summaries, and an expanded glossary, it is an indispensable tool for students and lecturers alike. This third edition is fully updated with: • a new chapter on electronic media and 'digital culture'; • major additions of material on the creative industries, culture jamming, new feminism and 'raunch culture' and globalization; • all-new photographs presented with pedagogic activities; • biographical snapshots of key figures in cultural studies. This book is now even more the best-value one-stop shop for Cultural Studies. Chris Barker is Associate Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Wollongong, and author of The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies.
face2face Second edition is the flexible, easy-to-teach, 6-level course (A1 to C1). face2face Second edition is informed by Cambridge English Corpus and its vocabulary syllabus is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, meaning students learn the language they really need at each CEFR level. The Upper Intermediate Workbook with Key offers additional consolidation activities as well as a Reading and Writing Portfolio for extra skills practice. A Workbook with Key is also available.
Face2Face second edition is a fully updated and redesigned edition of this best-selling general English course for adults and young adults who want to learn quickly and effectively in today's world. Based on the communicative approach, it combines the best in current methodology with innovative new features designed to make learning and teaching easier. Vocabulary and grammar are given equal importance and there is a strong focus on listening and speaking in social situations.
Why CliffsTestPrep Guides? Go with the name you know and trust Get the information you need--fast! Written by test prep specialists About the contents: Introduction * A description of the test and scoring * Strategies for all question types Part I: Analysis of Exam Areas * Multiple-choice questions and strategies for each domain * Essay questions, approaches, sample essays, and critiques for each domain * Case studies, approaches, sample essays, and evaluations Part II: Review of Key Concept and Assessments, plus a Glossary * Content specifications for all 4 domains * Review of key concepts and assessments, plus a glossary Part III: 2 Full-Length Practice Tests with Answers and Explanations Test Prep Essentials from the Experts at CliffsNotes?
Pro SharePoint 2013 Branding and Responsive Web Development is the definitive reference on the technologies, tools, and techniques needed for building responsive websites and applications with SharePoint 2013. The book focuses on solutions that provide the best browser experience for the myriad of devices, browsers, and screen orientations and resolutions. Web technology has changed considerably in the past few years. Microsoft has embraced the new generation of open standards represented by HTML5 and JavaScript, and these changes are represented in a fundamental shift in how SharePoint 2013 supports web content management and publishing. Authors Eric Overfield, Oscar Medina, Kanwal Khipple, and Rita Zhang join forces to dive into the new features and capabilities provided by SharePoint 2013 and combine them with the latest techniques in responsive web design and development to demonstrate how to build modern and progressive websites and applications. Pro SharePoint 2013 Branding and Responsive Web Development covers the following technologies: SharePoint 2013 Server Edition Office 365 SharePoint Online Expression Blend 2013 Napa Tools for Office and SharePoint Development Visual Studio 2012 HTML5 and CSS3 JavaScript, JQuery, JQuery UI, Modernizr, and the Bootstrap Framework SharePoint 2013 Client Object Model
A task-based approach is applied in this course for those who have to read or write reports. The six extended units cover the successive stages in writing a report, from collecting information, using statistics, organising and presenting material to recommending and summarising. The stages are lined in to job functions common to any commercial field, ranging from production to finance and marketing. An appendix on report structure is included.
You Can Learn Any Language -- Are you hesitating to learn a new language because you've heard it's difficult? Or are you trying right now but finding it harder than you imagined? What if you could become fluent in a new language in a very short period of time -- just months, or maybe even weeks? You can learn any new language quickly and easily. It doesn't require pain or frustration. It can be fun, exciting and enlightening. Of course, to have this experience you do need to know a few things. You need to find and use your hidden talent -- something we call the Third Ear. The Third Ear takes you step by step along a path to think about language learning in totally new ways. Ways that help you realise you already know how to learn any language. You just needed to be reminded.
Human Evolutionary Genetics is a groundbreaking text which for the first time brings together molecular genetics and genomics to the study of the origins and movements of human populations. Starting with an overview of molecular genomics for the non-specialist (which can be a useful review for those with a more genetic background), the book shows how data from the post-genomic era can be used to examine human origins and the human colonization of the planet, richly illustrated with genetic trees and global maps. For the first time in a textbook, the authors outline how genetic data and the understanding of our origins which emerges, can be applied to contemporary population analyses, including genealogies, forensics and medicine.
HTTP is the protocol that powers the Web. As Web applications become more sophisticated, and as emerging technologies continue to rely heavily on HTTP, understanding this protocol is becoming more and more essential for professional Web developers. By learning HTTP protocol, Web developers gain a deeper understanding of the Web's architecture and can create even better Web applications that are more reliable, faster, and more secure. The HTTP Developer's Handbook is written specifically for Web developers. It begins by introducing the protocol and explaining it in a straightforward manner. It then illustrates how to leverage this information to improve applications. Extensive information and examples are given covering a wide variety of issues, such as state and session management, caching, SSL, software architecture, and application security.
The book covers all the core aspects of child and adolescent mental health, starting with the background to emotional and behavioural problems and looking at models and tools for assessment and treatment before examining specific problems encountered in children, young people, and their families from different cultural backgrounds.Key featuresclear
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