Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Explore the latest developments in electrochemical energy storage device technology In Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices, an accomplished team of authors delivers a thorough examination of the latest developments in the electrode and cell configurations of lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. Several kinds of newly developed devices are introduced, with information about their theoretical bases, materials, fabrication technologies, design considerations, and implementation presented. You’ll learn about the current challenges facing the industry, future research trends likely to capture the imaginations of researchers and professionals working in industry and academia, and still-available opportunities in this fast-moving area. You’ll discover a wide range of new concepts, materials, and technologies that have been developed over the past few decades to advance the technologies of lithium‐ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and intelligent devices. Finally, you’ll find solutions to basic research challenges and the technologies applicable to energy storage industries. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to energy conversion and storage, and the history and classification of electrochemical energy storage An exploration of materials and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage devices, including categories, EDLCSs, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors A practical discussion of the theory and characterizations of flexible cells, including their mechanical properties and the limits of conventional architectures A concise treatment of the materials and fabrication technologies involved in the manufacture of flexible cells Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid-state chemists, Novel Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices will also earn a place in the libraries of applied physicists, and engineers in power technology and the electrotechnical industry seeking a one-stop reference for portable and smart electrochemical energy storage devices.
The Second Sino-US Symposium Workshop on Recent Advancement of Computational Mechanics in Structural Engineering was held between May 25-28, 1998, in Dalian, China. The objectives were: to share the insights and experiences gained from recent developments in theory and practice; to assess the current state of knowledge in various topic areas of mechanics and computational methods and to identify joint research opportunities; to stimulate future cooperative research and to develop joint efforts in subjects of common needs and interests; to build and to strengthen the long-term bilateral scientific relationship between academic and professional practicing communities.Topics discussed covered the entire field of computational structural mechanics. These topics have advanced broad applications in the engineering practice of modern structural analysis, design and construction of buildings and other structures, and in natural hazard mitigation.
Lanthanides: Fundamentals and Applications provides the fundamentals, new research, promising applications and future outlooks of lanthanide compounds and lanthanide-based materials. The book begins with an introduction, including key concepts, oxidation states and sources, extraction and separation of the lanthanides, followed by spectroscopic and magnetic properties, and metals, crystals and compounds. Organometallic compounds, coordination compounds, molecular magnetic materials and luminescent materials are covered before a discussion of specific lanthanide applications. Spintronics, bioimaging, photoelectric materials, catalysis and nuclear applications are discussed. This comprehensive resource is ideal for researchers and students studying inorganic and materials chemistry, in both academia and industry. Includes comprehensive and in-depth coverage of lanthanides Features the most current research progress on lanthanides Covers a combination view of fundamental research and specific applications of the lanthanides, including spintronics, bioimaging and additives for photoelectric materials
Electrolytes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors provides a state-of-the-art overview of the research and development of novel electrolytes and electrolyte configurations and systems to increase the energy density of electrochemical supercapacitors. Comprised of chapters written by leading international scientists active in supercapacitor research
Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds great potential for breaking through the bottlenecks in current photonic and optoelectronic networks. Recently, a revolution has been witnessed in the field of lithium niobate (LN) photonics. Over the past decade, nanoscale LN waveguides with a propagation loss of ~0.01 dB and a radius of curvature on the level of ~100 μm have been demonstrated. The revolution mainly benefits from two technological advancements, the maturity of lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) technology and the innovation of nanofabrication approaches of high-quality LNOI photonic structures. Using low-loss waveguides and high-quality-factor (high-Q) microresonators produced on the LNOI platform as building blocks, various integrated photonic devices have been demonstrated with unprecedented performances. The breakthroughs have reshaped the landscape of the LN industry. This is the first monograph on LN nanophotonics enabled by the LNOI platform. It comprehensively reviews the development of fabrication technology, investigations on nonlinear optical processes, and demonstrations of electro-optical devices, as well as applications in quantum light sources, spectroscopy, sensing, and microwave-to-optical wave conversion. The book begins with an overview of the technological evolution of PICs, justifying the motivation for developing LNOI photonics. The next four chapters focus on LNOI photonics. The book concludes with a summary of the milestone achievements discussed in these chapters and provides a future perspective of this area of research.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of wireless technologies for industrial network systems. The authors first describe the concept of industrial network systems and their application to industrial automation. They then go on to cover the role of sensing and control in industrial network systems, and the challenge of sensing and control in the industrial wireless environment. Then, the existing techniques for resource efficiency information transmission are introduced and studied. Afterward, the authors introduce sensing and control-oriented transmission for industrial network systems, which take advantage of spatial diversity gain to overcome the interference and fading, which in turn improves the transmission reliability without expending extra spectrum resources and enlarging the transmission delay. Subsequently, edge assisted efficient transmission schemes are introduced, which integrate the capacities of communication, computing, and control to relieve the contradiction of resource limitation and massive data. Finally, the authors discuss open research issues and future works about information transmission in industrial network systems.
This book provides an overview of the new plant natural product skeletons discovered from 1999 to 2021. It categorizes these natural products by providing their names, source distributions, structural types, structure characteristics, and bioactivities. A total of 1373 plant products in 99 families are presented, which cover 36 different structure types within the Hypericaceae family of which the majority are alkaloid structures. In addition, it presents the biological profiling in the last 23 years by summarizing the biological activities and potential disadvantages. The new natural products skeleton presented are unprecedented structural scaffolds and could bring new opportunities for biological/pharmaceutical areas and provide new structure templates for synthetic chemists. This book helps readers gain in-depth insight into the past and recent trends of natural products; it also assists those interested in assessing the potential biological function of the natural products.
This book describes the most recent techniques for turbo decoder implementation, especially for 4G and beyond 4G applications. The authors reveal techniques for the design of high-throughput decoders for future telecommunication systems, enabling designers to reduce hardware cost and shorten processing time. Coverage includes an explanation of VLSI implementation of the turbo decoder, from basic functional units to advanced parallel architecture. The authors discuss both hardware architecture techniques and experimental results, showing the variations in area/throughput/performance with respect to several techniques. This book also illustrates turbo decoders for 3GPP-LTE/LTE-A and IEEE 802.16e/m standards, which provide a low-complexity but high-flexibility circuit structure to support these standards in multiple parallel modes. Moreover, some solutions that can overcome the limitation upon the speedup of parallel architecture by modification to turbo codec are presented here. Compared to the traditional designs, these methods can lead to at most 33% gain in throughput with similar performance and similar cost.
This book systematically presents these findings for the first time, focusing on the composition, force mode, structural characteristics, performance advantages, and calculation methods for each new structural system, and comparing each one with traditional structural systems. In view of the persistent problems in the current equivalent cast in situ precast concrete structural systems and the development of non-equivalent cast in situ precast concrete structure systems, Southeast University and Harbin Institute of Technology have conducted extensive research and proposed several new types of precast concrete structural systems. Their findings in this regard can promote the development of basic theories and technologies for building industrialization, accelerate the advancement of China's building industrialization, promote the application of precast building technology, and realize the concept of green building.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the foundations and frontiers of graph neural networks. In addition, the book introduces the basic concepts and definitions in graph representation learning and discusses the development of advanced graph representation learning methods with a focus on graph neural networks. The book providers researchers and practitioners with an understanding of the fundamental issues as well as a launch point for discussing the latest trends in the science. The authors emphasize several frontier aspects of graph neural networks and utilize graph data to describe pairwise relations for real-world data from many different domains, including social science, chemistry, and biology. Several frontiers of graph neural networks are introduced, which enable readers to acquire the needed techniques of advances in graph neural networks via theoretical models and real-world applications.
Thanks to their considerable advantages, index modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are considered to be promising candidates for future wireless communications. This book focuses on the index modulation techniques for OFDM communications systems, which allow information to be conveyed not only via constellation symbols, but also by the indices of various transmission entities in OFDM systems, such as signal constellations, spreading codes, and pilots. The book discusses representative transmitter and receiver designs, optimization and performance analysis of index modulation based on various transmission entities. It first introduces readers to constellation-based index modulation via a combinatorial approach, including the classical index modulation scheme and two embodiments of information-guided precoding for OFDM systems. It further discusses constellation-based index modulation via a permutational approach, including the basic, generalized, and diversity-enhancing forms. It then describes how the spreading code is used to design an index modulated spread spectrum for OFDM systems, and the extensions to multi-code and multi-user scenarios. In addition it explores information guided pilot insertion for OFDM systems, followed by applications to carrier phase tracking and channel estimation. Lastly, the book highlights a number of open problems and discusses future research directions in the general field of index modulation. Intended for professionals and researchers in the field of wireless communications, this book is also a valuable resource for advanced-level electrical engineering and computer science students.
This book investigates and reviews recent advanced techniques and important applications in vehicular communications and networking (VCN) from a novel perspective of the combination and integration of VCN and connected vehicles, which provides a significant scientific and technical support for future 5G-based VCN. 5G-Enabled Vehicular Communications and Networking introduces vehicular channel characteristics, reviews current channel modeling approaches, and then provides a new generic geometry-based stochastic modeling approach for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. The investigation of vehicular channel measurements and modeling provides fundamental supports for the VCN system design. Then, this book investigates VCN-vehicle combination from PHY and MAC layers, respectively. As for the PHY layer, many advanced techniques that can be effectively applied in VCN to counter the PHY challenges are introduced, including novel ICI cancellation methods, index modulated OFDM, differential spatial modulation, and energy harvesting relaying. As for the MAC layer, distributed and centralized MAC designs are analyzed and compared in terms of feasibility and availability. Specifically, distributed congestion control, D2D-enabled vehicular communications, and centralized data dissemination scheduling are elaborated, which can significantly improve the network performance in vehicular networks. Finally, considering VCN-vehicle integration, this book introduces several hot-topic applications in vehicular networks, including electric vehicles, distributed data storage, unmanned aerial vehicles, and security and privacy, which indicates the significance and development value of VCN-vehicle integration in future vehicular networks and our daily life. The primary audience for this book includes professionals and researchers working in the field of vehicular communications, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and Internet of vehicles (IoV). Advanced level students studying electrical engineering will also find this book useful as a secondary textbook for related courses.
This thesis presents detailed mechanistic studies on a series of important C-H activation reactions using combined computational methods and mass spectrometry experiments. It also provides guidance on the design and improvement of catalysts and ligands. The reactions investigated include: (i) a nitrile-containing template-assisted meta-selective C-H activation, (ii) Pd/mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) catalyzed meta-selective C-H activation, (iii) Pd/MPAA catalyzed asymmetric C-H activation reactions, and (iv) Cu-catalyzed sp3 C-H cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction. The book reports on a novel dimeric Pd-M (M = Pd or Ag) model for reaction (i), which successfully explains the meta-selectivity observed experimentally. For reaction (ii), with a combined DFT/MS method, the author successfully reveals the roles of MPAA ligands and a new C-H activation mechanism, which accounts for the improved reactivity and high meta-selectivity and opens new avenues for ligand design. She subsequently applies ion-mobility mass spectrometry to capture and separate the [Pd(MPAA)(substrate)] complex at different stages for the first time, providing support for the internal-base model for reaction (iii). Employing DFT studies, she then establishes a chirality relay model that can be widely applied to MPAA-assisted asymmetric C-H activation reactions. Lastly, for reaction (iv) the author conducts detailed computational studies on several plausible pathways for Cu/O2 and Cu/TBHP systems and finds a reliable method for calculating the single electron transfer (SET) process on the basis of benchmark studies.
Problems facing manufacturing clusters that intersect information technology, process management, and optimization within the Internet of Things (IoT) are examined in this book. Recent advances in information technology have transformed the use of resources and data exchange, often leading to management and optimization problems attributatble to technology limitations and strong market competition. This book discusses several problems and concepts which makes significant connections in the areas of information sharing, organization management, resource operations, and performance assessment. Geared toward practitioners and researchers, this treatment deepens the understanding between resource collaborative management and advanced information technology. Those in manufacturing will utilize the numerous mathematical models and methods offered to solve practical problems related to cutting stock, supply chain scheduling, and inventory management. Academics and students with a basic knowledge of manufacturing, combinatorics, and linear programming will find that this discussion widens the research area of resource collaborative management and unites the fields of information technology, manufacturing management, and optimization.
Medicinal Plants: Chemistry, Biology and Omics reviews the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plant tribes and genera, and their relevance to drug efficacy. Medicinal plants provide a myriad of pharmaceutically active components, which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and worldwide for thousands of years. Increasing interest in plant-based medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of many novel compounds, in various angiosperm and gymnosperm species, and investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. Chapters in this book explore the interrelationship within traditional Chinese medicinal plant groups and between Chinese species and species outside of China. Chapters also discuss the incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny, concluding with chapters on systems biology and “-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and how they will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research. Reviews best practice and essential developments in medicinal plant chemistry and biology Discusses the principles and applications of various techniques used to discover medicinal compounds Explores the analysis and classification of novel plant-based medicinal compounds Includes case studies on pharmaphylogeny Compares and integrates traditional knowledge and current perception of worldwide medicinal plants
In this book, computational optical phase imaging techniques are presented along with Matlab codes that allow the reader to run their own simulations and gain a thorough understanding of the current state-of-the-art. The book focuses on modern applications of computational optical phase imaging in engineering measurements and biomedical imaging. Additionally, it discusses the future of computational optical phase imaging, especially in terms of system miniaturization and deep learning-based phase retrieval.
This book discusses contemporary China’s land use policy – the Link Policy – which calls for land consolidation and rural resettlement to achieve the goal of preserving farmland while also providing more space for urban development. Given the limited analyses and commentaries on the Link Policy in the literature, particularly in English-language articles, the book systematically presents and analyzes China’s land use policy by assessing the impacts of the Link Policy on rural life and how effective the Link Policy is in achieving its objectives. It also examines how satisfied farmers are with the policy and what the contributing factors are. Drawing on a critical review of the literature, field observations and interviews with resettled farmers, the book offers insights into China’s land use policy, and compares it with similar policy instruments in other countries. Presenting research findings that help readers gain a holistic understanding of the Link Policy in China and its implications, the book is a valuable resource for professionals in other developing countries that are facing similar challenges in terms of balancing urban development and farmland conservation.
The main focus of this book is the transport mechanics of sediment particles coated with microbial biofilm, which is called bio-sediment. The book also addresses the question of how to measure and simulate the considerable variation in the properties of natural sediment associated with microbial biofilm, ranging from the micro-scale surface morphology to the macro-scale sediment transport. Nowadays most studies to elucidate the mechanisms of sediment transport have concentrated on physical-chemical sediment properties, little work explicitly coupled sediment dynamics and the environmental effects under the influence of micro-ecosystem, thus leaving a serious gap in water and sediment sciences as well as water ecological research. With respect to physical-chemical sediment properties, this book has been undertaken to evaluate and quantify the effect of biological factors - biofilm on sediment transport mechanics. The chapters cover topics including development of bio-sediment and its properties; model of biofilm growth on sediment substratum; bedform and flow resistance of bio-sediment bed; incipient velocity and settling velocity of bio-sediment; bedload and suspended load transport for bio-sediment; numerical simulation of bio-sediment transport. Besides, the measurement technology, analysis method and expression approach introduced in this book combine the characteristics of hydraulic, environmental and microbial research, having more immediate innovation. This book will be of interest to researchers, managers, practitioners, policy and decision makers, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the field of hydraulics and river dynamics. It will help to understand the relevance of sediment transport and biofilm growth under the role of aqueous micro-ecosystem, to introduce better tools for the simulation and prediction of bio-sediment transport, and to provide a scientific basis and application foundation for the research of interaction between sediment particles and ecological and environmental factors.
This book gives a comprehensive, theoretical account of the wave-wave interaction process responsible for high acoustic noise levels, including: a geometric description of the interaction mechanism, which provides the basis for a full-wave analysis of the source process, the inclusion of both the monogeneous and inhomogeneous components of the wave-induced pressure field in the analytical description of the source, an examination of the relative contributions of the sum and difference-frequency components of the wave interaction process, the removal of the deep-water assumption of earlier analyses, and the development of an "exact" analytical expression which allows the source function of the wave-induced pressure field to be calculated over the whole frequency-wave number domain.
Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis An insightful exploration of an increasingly popular technique in organic chemistry In Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis, expert chemist Dr. Cheanyeh Cheng delivers a comprehensive discussion of the principles, methods, and applications of enzymatic and microbial processes for organic synthesis. The book thoroughly explores this growing area of green synthetic organic chemistry, both in the context of academic research and industrial practice. The distinguished author provides a single point of access for enzymatic methods applicable to organic synthesis and focuses on enzyme catalyzed organic synthesis with six different classes of enzyme. This book serves as a link between enzymology and biocatalysis and serves as an invaluable reference for the growing number of organic chemists using biocatalysis. Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis provides readers with multiple examples of practical applications of the main enzyme classes relevant to the pharmaceutical, medical, food, cosmetics, fragrance, and health care industries. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to foundational topics, including the discovery and nature of enzymes, enzyme structure, catalytic function, molecular recognition, enzyme specificity, and enzyme classes Practical discussions of organic synthesis with oxidoreductases, including oxidation reactions and reduction reactions Comprehensive explorations of organic synthesis with transferases, including transamination with aminotransferases and phosphorylation with kinases In-depth examinations of organic synthesis with hydrolases, including the hydrolysis of the ester bond Perfect for organic synthetic chemists, chemical and biochemical engineers, biotechnologists, process chemists, and enzymologists, Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis is also an indispensable resource for practitioners in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and fragrance industries that regularly apply this type of synthesis.
Ranunculales Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity and Pharmacotherapy comprehensively covers this order of flowering plants, detailing the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plants families and genera and their relevance to drug efficacy. The book carries out an exhaustive survey of the literature in order to characterize global trends in the application of flexible technologies. The interrelationship between Chinese species, and between Chinese and non-Chinese species, is inferred through molecular phylogeny and based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequencing. The book discusses the conflict between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny in the context of drug discovery and development. Users will find invaluable and holistic coverage on the study of Ranunculales that will make this the go-to pharmaceutical resource. Describes current perceptions of biodiversity and chemodiversity of Ranunculales Explains how the conceptual framework of plant pharmacophylogeny benefits the sustainable exploitation of Ranunculales Details how Ranunculales medicinal plants work from the chemical level upward Covers how the polypharmacology of Ranunculales compounds might inspire new chemical entity design and development for improved treatment outcomes
Computer vision-based crack-like object detection has many useful applications, such as inspecting/monitoring pavement surface, underground pipeline, bridge cracks, railway tracks etc. However, in most contexts, cracks appear as thin, irregular long-narrow objects, and often are buried in complex, textured background with high diversity which make the crack detection very challenging. During the past a few years, deep learning technique has achieved great success and has been utilized for solving a variety of object detection problems. This book discusses crack-like object detection problem comprehensively. It starts by discussing traditional image processing approaches for solving this problem, and then introduces deep learning-based methods. It provides a detailed review of object detection problems and focuses on the most challenging problem, crack-like object detection, to dig deep into the deep learning method. It includes examples of real-world problems, which are easy to understand and could be a good tutorial for introducing computer vision and machine learning.
Probing and controlling electrons and nuclei in matter at the attosecond timescale became possible with the generation of attosecond pulses by few-cycle intense lasers, and has revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and molecular processes. This book provides an intuitive approach to this emerging field, utilizing simplified models to develop a clear understanding of how matter interacts with attosecond pulses of light. An introductory chapter outlines the structure of atoms and molecules and the properties of a focused laser beam. Detailed discussion of the fundamental theory of attosecond and strong-field physics follows, including the molecular tunnelling ionization model (MO-ADK theory), the quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, and the laser induced electronic diffraction (LIED) theory for probing the change of atomic configurations in a molecule. Highlighting the cutting-edge developments in attosecond and strong field physics, and identifying future opportunities and challenges, this self-contained text is invaluable for students and researchers in the field.
Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles Unique resource focusing on biomedical applications and clinical translation of extracellular vesicles in science and medicine Focusing on key points to better understand extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their development, Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles describes in detail the biogenesis of EVs, the mechanism of intercellular communication, and the treatment of various diseases of EVs and the EV-based drug delivery platforms. An application-oriented resource, the work presents rapidly newer biomedical and clinical applications of natural and engineered EVs such as drug delivery, diagnosis, prognosis monitoring, immunotherapy, and more. The first part of this book provides a basic background on EVs. Next, the book introduces the excellent therapeutic effects of EVs themselves and the underlying mechanisms, followed by how EVs from different sources were used to construct drug delivery platforms. The latest research on EVs from leading groups around the world is presented. Sample topics covered in Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles include: Biogenesis of various EVs Pros and cons of the different instrumental and methodological developments for analytical strategies applied to EVs EVs in treatment of major diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases Current methods of engineering EVs, and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, and microneedles, that have been developed to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EVs Key challenges, such as quality control, scalability, and biosafety, that limit the clinical and industrial translation of EVs Explaining in detail how extracellular vesicles are produced and engineered, along with potential applications and commercial developments of EVs in science and industry, Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles is an essential resource on the subject for chemists, cell biologists, and molecular physicists.
This book presents and develops comprehensive knowledge of vehicular channel characteristics and proper vehicular channel models. The studied topics contain the propagation characteristics of vehicular communications, such as: a time-frequency non-stationary single-input single-output (SISO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) non-geometry stochastic model (NGSM); a space-time non-stationary massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) V2V regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (RS-GBSM); and a space-time non-stationary massive MIMO V2V irregular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (IS-GBSM). Each is introduced, with characteristics then discussed in detail. Finally, this book discusses future research directions to inspire further investigation in the field of vehicular channels from three different perspectives.
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