An authoritative introduction to the ecosystem-based approach for restoring land after coal and mineral mining operations. Mining activities, in particular where metal ores have been mined, often leave behind vast areas of dumps and disused mine lands that have become environmental hazards. Soil degradation and poisoning are major environmental concerns in these areas, requiring comprehensive and long-term interventions in order to restore those lands to an ecologically productive state. Eco-Restoration of Mine Land provides a comprehensive overview of ecosystem-based solutions for remediating polluted soil and re-establishing vegetation in disused mine lands, synthesizing cutting-edge research, experiential knowledge, and longstanding best practices to offer a holistic introduction to the science of mine land restoration. Eco-Restoration of Mine Land readers will also find: A basic introduction to soil contamination, risk assessment, and phytoremediation of mine land Discussion of carbon sequestration potential of restored mine soils and other environmental benefits of remediated mine land The use of biological soil quality indicators to assess progress in ecosystem restoration Eco-Restoration of Mine Land is a valuable guide for researchers and advanced students in the environmental and ecological sciences, as well as professionals working in environmental remediation, providing a much-needed survey of this increasingly critical subject.
This book illustrates one of the most significant phases of international development of psychiatry with emphasis on Australian psychiatry and its recognition as the fundamental branch of medicine. Every sensation and thought create an emotion with its impact on the functioning of our brain and the status of our health. The book illustrates the journey of psychiatry from the times of lunatic asylums, the days of anti psychiatry, Freudian psychoanalysis as the only treatment, to the refinement of the state of art technology, psychopharmacology and present day equal human rights of the people with mental illness. The author has attempted to include the current scientific explorations, debates and information above the robust foundation of psychiatry, which can also make it a reference book, with its wide coverage and simplified concepts. The inclusion of case studies with changed identity of the patients make it even more readable and understanding the enigma of human emotions.
Nanotechnology for CO2 Utilization in Oilfield Applications delivers a critical reference for petroleum and reservoir engineers to learn the latest advancements of combining the use of CO2 and nanofluids to lower carbon footprint. Starting with the existing chemical and physical methods employed for synthesizing nanofluids, the reference moves into the scalability and fabrication techniques given for all the various nanofluids currently used in oilfield applications. This is followed by various, relevant characterization techniques. Advancing on, the reference covers nanofluids used in drilling, cementing, and EOR fluids, including their challenges and implementation problems associated with the use of nanofluids. Finally, the authors discuss the combined application of CO2 and nanofluids, listing challenges and benefits of CO2, such as carbonation capacity of nanofluids via rheological analysis for better CO2 utilization. Supported by visual world maps on CCS sites and case studies across the industry, this book gives today's engineers a much-needed tool to lower emissions. - Covers applications for the scalability and reproducibility of fabrication techniques for various nanofluids used in the oilfield, including visual world maps that showcase current stages and future CCS sites - Helps readers understand CO2 case studies for subsurface applications, including CO2 injection into depleted reservoirs - Provides knowledge on the existing challenges and hazards involved in CO2 for safer utilization
Each article in the book demystifies the multidimensional impact that the pandemic has had on the professional and personal spheres of the human lives. The authors who have shared their knowledge and research hail from Austria, Bangladesh, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and USA. Further, the fact that the authors include University Vice Chancellors, Directors, and Distinguished Professors, suggests that the insights provided in the articles are unparalleled, diverse, boundaryless and unique. The 23 articles in this book are divided in 5 sections namely Families Disconnecting or Reconnecting, Disrupted Lives During Pandemic, Reflecting on Professional Life, Revisiting Organizational Culture and Well-being, and Business and Academia Surviving the Crisis.
This book is an introduction to some new fields in soft computing with its principal components of fuzzy logic, ANN and EA. The approach in this book is to provide an understanding of the soft computing field and to work through soft computing using examples. It also aims to integrate pseudo-code operational summaries and Matlab codes, to present computer simulation, to include real world applications and to highlight the distinctive work of human consciousness in machine.
Most of the reliability literature is directed towards non repairable systems, that is, systems that fail are discarded. This book is mainly dedicated towards providing coverage to the reliability modeling and analysis of repairable systems that are repaired and not replaced when they fail. Most of the equipment - mechanical or otherwise -are repairable and are subjected to maintenance actions- reactive or proactive- at various levels. Maintenance actions are carried out either to preserve a system or to renovate it to a specified functionable state. Maintenance actions are also characterized by the degree (perfect or imperfect) to which a system can be restored, i.e., to an ‘as good as new condition’ (AGAN), or ‘as bad as old condition’ (ABAO). Mathematically perfect repair is modeled using a renewal process (RP). Since it represents much idealized situation, this model has restricted applications in the analysis of repairable systems. At the other extreme, the ABAO repair is mathematically modelled using a Non-Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP). These assumptions are very unrealistic for probabilistic modeling and leads to major distortions in statistical analysis. This unique book provides a comprehensive framework for the modeling and analysis of repairable systems considering both the non- parametric and parametric approaches to deal with the failure data. The book presents MCF based non-parametric approach with several illustrative examples and the generalized renewal process (GRP) based arithmetic reduction of age (ARA) models along with its applications to the systems failure data from aviation industry. The book also covers various multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), integrated with repairable systems reliability analysis models to provide a much better insight into imperfect repair and maintenance data analysis. A complete chapter on an integrated framework for procurement process is added which will of a great assistance to the readers in enhancing the potential of their respective organization. This book also presents FMEA methods tailored for GRP based repairs. This text has primarily emerged from the industrial experience and research work of the authors. A number of illustrations have been included to make the subject lucid and vivid even to the readers who are relatively new to this area. Besides, various examples have been provided to display the applicability of presented models and methodologies to assist the readers in applying the concepts presented in this book.
This book entitled “Agroforestry forClimate Resilience and Rural Livelihood” would help the readers to gain knowledge on importance of agroforestry for climate change and providing ecosystem services through many ways. This is a testimony and a ready reckoner to help to solve the challenges of climatic vagaries and resource degradation of natural resource bases. The compilation would certainly provide the steps that should be taken to meet the twin objective of climate resilience and livelihood security through adoption of agroforestry models. This book would definitely be helpful forpolicy makers, planners, academicians, students and scientists to suggest the technologies and strategies to the farmers for enhancing their productivity, economic stability, meeting nutritional security under the changing climatic scenario. The key features includes the idea of ecosystem services relevance in present day context, which otherwise was being neglected. The voluminous compilation will act as a boost for farmers to adopt agroforestry system in their pursuit for better environmental management and resilience against the climate change.
The sciences of pharmacology and toxicology are strongly intertwined. The former focuses on how medications function in live beings, while the latter focuses on the bad effects of drugs and chemicals and how to treat them. Both fields are concerned with the behaviour of drugs and chemicals in living organisms. This book provides a detailed illustration of the most important concepts that are involved in pharmacology and the medical sciences that are related to it. The title opens with a discussion of the historical elements of drug creation, including up-to-date information about Nobel Laureates in pharmacology and toxicology and the key discoveries they made. Following this, it conducts an analysis of the fundamental concepts of pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as providing comprehensive information on drug transporters and interactions. The subsequent chapters of the book are dedicated to covering a comprehensive assortment of subjects that provide vital knowledge on the fundamental principles of pharmacology and the manner in which these concepts are used for the clinical treatment of disorders.
Selected Proceedings of the Interenational Conference on Recent Developments in Statistics, Econometrics and Forecasting, University of Allahabad, India, December 27-28, 2010
Selected Proceedings of the Interenational Conference on Recent Developments in Statistics, Econometrics and Forecasting, University of Allahabad, India, December 27-28, 2010
This book is part of the proceedings of The International Conference on Recent Developments in Statistics, Econometrics and Forecasting 2010, which was organized to provide opportunities for academics and researchers to share their knowledge on recent developments in this area. The conference featured the most up-to-date research results and applications in statistics, econometrics and forecasting. The book has fifteen chapters contributed by different authors and can be divided into five parts: Time Series and Econometric Modeling, Linear Models, Non-parametrics, Statistical Applications and Statistical Methodology. This book will be helpful to graduate students, researchers and applied statisticians working in the area of time series, statistical and econometric modeling.
Scientific Study from the year 2017 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, , language: English, abstract: In the described study , the bio-enhancement of Rosmarinic acid( RA) was done successfully in suspension culture of Salvia officinalis and Ocimum sanctum suspended with E coli K12 entrapped alginate beads.It is reported that Tyrosin Amino transferase has a key role in the production of Rosmarinic acid , which is present in E coli K 12. Quantification by HPTLC indicated that the maximum RA content was noted in 4 weeks old (2050 mg/l) in Salvia officinalis suspension culture fed with Tyrosin 10 mg/100ml followed by 4 weeks old Ocimum sanctum suspension culture fed with Tyrosin 10 mg/100ml(715 mg/l), that are about 18 fold and 5 folds enhancement as compared to control. The method for significantly enhancement of RA was reported for the first time.
In Engineering theory and applications, we think and operate in terms of logics and models with some acceptable and reasonable assumptions. The present text is aimed at providing modelling and analysis techniques for the evaluation of reliability measures (2-terminal, all-terminal, k-terminal reliability) for systems whose structure can be described in the form of a probabilistic graph. Among the several approaches of network reliability evaluation, the multiple-variable-inversion sum-of-disjoint product approach finds a well-deserved niche as it provides the reliability or unreliability expression in a most efficient and compact manner. However, it does require an efficiently enumerated minimal inputs (minimal path, spanning tree, minimal k-trees, minimal cut, minimal global-cut, minimal k-cut) depending on the desired reliability. The present book covers these two aspects in detail through the descriptions of several algorithms devised by the "reliability fraternity" and explained through solved examples to obtain and evaluate 2-terminal, k-terminal and all-terminal network reliability/unreliability measures and could be its USP. The accompanying web-based supplementary information containing modifiable Matlab® source code for the algorithms is another feature of this book. A very concerted effort has been made to keep the book ideally suitable for first course or even for a novice stepping into the area of network reliability. The mathematical treatment is kept as minimal as possible with an assumption on the readers’ side that they have basic knowledge in graph theory, probabilities laws, Boolean laws and set theory.
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