The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem has a long historical tradition dating back to the 12th century. In contrast, the Maltese jurisdiction has a history of ranging for only a half century being established in 1966. In spite of its relatively short history, the jurisdiction quickly became central to the International Order's organization housing its Grand Chancery at the international headquarters sited at Torri ta' Lanzun - a renovated 15th century fortified farmhouse. This work looks at the development and activities of the national jurisdiction beside reviewing the history of the "hereditary" jurisdiction sited in Malta - the Grand Commandery of the Castello.
The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented. From the beginnings of the civilization in the late fourth millennium BC until the Persian invasion of 525 BC, Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged but was highly advanced for its time, including simple non-invasive surgery, setting of bones, dentistry, and an extensive set of pharmacopoeia. Egyptian medical thought influenced later traditions, including the Greeks. Until the 19th century, the main sources of information about ancient Egyptian medicine were writings from later in antiquity. The Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt around 440 BC and wrote extensively of his observations of their medicinal practice. Pliny the Elder also wrote favourably of them in historical review. Hippocrates (the ""father of medicine""), Herophilos, Erasistratus and later Galen studied at the temple of Amenhotep, and acknowledged the contribution of ancient Egyptian medicine to Greek medicine.
The Sancti Lazari Ordinis Academia Internationalis was set up with the primary objective of promoting historical academic-based research related to the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and other Crusader and related orders of chivalry as this relates to the hierarchy, their components, their glorious traditions and ancient history, as well as their relations with the Roman Catholic Church and with other churches that profess the faith of Christ. One method of encouraging academic research is to bring together interested academics in a forum whereby research is presented and critically discussed. This volume of the Acta Historiae Sancti Lazari Ordinis is the product of one such meeting of the International Academy. The Proceedings cover a wide spectrum of subjects encompassing the millennia.
This book is the final volume of a series of books by the same author covering the history of medicine in the Maltese Islands from the prehistoric age right through the modern period. This volume deals with the medical practice during the last two-hundred years, a period that saw the final phase of the emergence of the scientific basis of disease understanding and management. The Contemporary Period in the Maltese Islands saw its start with political upheaval resulting in the ousting of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John by the french, and the eventual ousting of the new rulers with the Islands falling within the dominion of the British Empire. The book looks at the efforts to re-establish and update public health legislation, review social welfare services, and medical education. It further reviews the history of various medical conditions and their management in the light of the new scientific advances.
Medical services have been associated with the military since the days of Ancient Greece. This relationship was essential not only in ensuring the front-line treatment of injuries sustained by soldiers but also to treat the diseases that accompany the disruption in the social circumstances brought on by warfare. The expectation of a military conflict requires the commanders in the field to draw up a military operation plan. This war plan varied according to the defined objectives, often being differently viewed by the combatants on either side of the conflict. There was in addition the aspect of using biological agents as weapons of warfare. There are numerous records of the use of biological weapons in antiquity. It is therefore not surprising that medical personnel played a very important role in battle plans and were generally highly regarded by the commanders and troops these medics serviced.
The publication includes several academic articles presented during the second International meeting of the Sancti Lazari Ordinis Academia Internationalis whose objective is to promote the historical knowledge related to the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and other Crusader and related orders of chivalry as this relates to the hierarchy, their components, their glorious traditions and ancient history, as well as their relations with the Roman Catholic Church and with other churches that profess the faith of Christ.
This book is an account of the history of medicine in its widest sense as practiced in the Maltese islands during the Prehistoric and classical periods, when medical practice was primarily based on superstition, religion and magic. While superstition and magic prevailed in the subsequent centuries, the late Classical period saw the introduction of a philosophical type of medical thought looking at disease as a disorder in the basic humors making up the body. This concept set the stage for the eventual scientific advances initiated during the Renaissance.
The book is a dedicated account of the history of medicine practiced in Early Modern Malta when the Islands were managed by the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. The changing patterns of disease throughout the 16th to 18th centuries and the response to managing these conditions are reviewed. The nook further looks at the legislative efforts introduced to control disease, the educational endeavors undertaken to improve the standards of care, and the social welfare systems adopted to better the lives of the population.
The novel is based on the events occurring in the Outremer and in Christian Europe at the turn of the 13th century centering around the knight Thomas de Sainville who served as Master to the Brethren of the Order of Saint Lazarus.
The book reviews the history of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem originally set up in the wake of the First Crusade in the early decades of the 12th century with the specific aim of helping the victims of Leprosy. It further assumed a military role participating in several military campaigns aimed at opposing the Islamic incursions in the Holy Land. After being expelled from Acre at the end of the 13th century, it established its magistracy in France. Political machinations during the 15-16th century led to the Order being split up into two major fractions - one under the direction of the French Royal house and the other under the direction of the Duke of Savoy. The French Revolution of the 18th century was to see the Order loose its French Royal Protection but retained an identity continuing to direct its philanthropic works in Haifa attracting the attention of the Melkite Patriarchy who assumed the Order's protection. It continues to exist today as an International Organization.
The Acts of the Apostles written by the physician evangelist Lucas of Antioch describe the shipwreck of the grain ship carrying Saul of tarsus to Rome on the Island of Melite. This event has led to the Maltese Islands to develop a strong Pauline tradition with background folklorist elements relating to cure and immunity from poisons. The present publication reviews the story of the fourth voyage of Saul of Tarsus and his faithful companion physician Lucas of Antioch as described in the Acts of the Apostles to relate the described facts in the text with the folklore beliefs prevalent on the Maltese Archipelago and repeatedly documented since the Medieval period.
The Order of Saint Lazarus saw its origins as an institution established outside the walls of Jerusalem to care for the victims of leprosy assuming the organization of a Crusader Monastic Order after the First Crusade of 1099. Little is known about its early administration except that the Jerusalem establishment de St Ladre des Mesisus was managed by a maistre who was dependent on the Patriarche de Jérusalem (presumably the newly established Latin Patriarch in 1099). The earliest information about the administration of the hospitalis infirmorum Sancti Lazari de Jerusalem dates from the early fourteenth century in the form of a manuscript Rule Book held at the Benedictine Nunnery at Seedorf in the Canton of Uri in modern-day Switzerland. This has sections outlining the regulations dating from the twelfth century (before 1187) while the Order was still established in the motherhouse in Jerusalem. Further regulations were promulgated for the local management of the nunnery in the early 15th century.
The publication includes several academic articles presented during the first International meeting of the Sancti Lazari Ordinis Academia Internationalis whose objective is to promote the historical knowledge related to the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and other Crusader and related orders of chivalry as this relates to the hierarchy, their components, their glorious traditions and ancient history, as well as their relations with the Roman Catholic Church and with other churches that profess the faith of Christ.
The Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem was established in the aftermath of the First Crusade of 1098. It was subsequently organized into a military and hospitaller Order with several establishments in various European countries all subservient to a central house sited first in Jerusalem, then Acre, Boigny, Paris and Spain. The Order was led throughout the centuries by a series of masters or grand masters. It has also enjoyed a number of Royal and Spiritual Protectors.
This book is the final volume of a series of books by the same author covering the history of medicine in the Maltese Islands from the prehistoric age right through the modern period. This volume deals with the medical practice during the last two-hundred years, a period that saw the final phase of the emergence of the scientific basis of disease understanding and management. The Contemporary Period in the Maltese Islands saw its start with political upheaval resulting in the ousting of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John by the french, and the eventual ousting of the new rulers with the Islands falling within the dominion of the British Empire. The book looks at the efforts to re-establish and update public health legislation, review social welfare services, and medical education. It further reviews the history of various medical conditions and their management in the light of the new scientific advances.
The Sancti Lazari Ordinis Academia Internationalis was set up with the primary objective of promoting historical academic-based research related to the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and other Crusader and related orders of chivalry as this relates to the hierarchy, their components, their glorious traditions and ancient history, as well as their relations with the Roman Catholic Church and with other churches that profess the faith of Christ. One method of encouraging academic research is to bring together interested academics in a forum whereby research is presented and critically discussed. This volume of the Acta Historiae Sancti Lazari Ordinis is the product of one such meeting of the International Academy. The Proceedings cover a wide spectrum of subjects encompassing the millennia.
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