At the heart of every medical imaging technology is a sophisticated mathematical model of the measurement process and an algorithm to reconstruct an image from the measured data. This book provides a firm foundation in the mathematical tools used to model the measurements and derive the reconstruction algorithms used in most of these modalities. The text uses X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) as a 'pedagogical machine' to illustrate important ideas and its extensive discussion of background material makes the more advanced mathematical topics accessible to people with a less formal mathematical education. This new edition contains a chapter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a revised section on the relationship between the continuum and discrete Fourier transforms, an improved description of the gridding method, and new sections on both Grangreat's formula and noise analysis in MR-imaging. Mathematical concepts are illuminated with over 200 illustrations and numerous exercises.
This book provides the mathematical foundations for the analysis of a class of degenerate elliptic operators defined on manifolds with corners, which arise in a variety of applications such as population genetics, mathematical finance, and economics. The results discussed in this book prove the uniqueness of the solution to the Martingale problem and therefore the existence of the associated Markov process. Charles Epstein and Rafe Mazzeo use an "integral kernel method" to develop mathematical foundations for the study of such degenerate elliptic operators and the stochastic processes they define. The precise nature of the degeneracies of the principal symbol for these operators leads to solutions of the parabolic and elliptic problems that display novel regularity properties. Dually, the adjoint operator allows for rather dramatic singularities, such as measures supported on high codimensional strata of the boundary. Epstein and Mazzeo establish the uniqueness, existence, and sharp regularity properties for solutions to the homogeneous and inhomogeneous heat equations, as well as a complete analysis of the resolvent operator acting on Hölder spaces. They show that the semigroups defined by these operators have holomorphic extensions to the right half-plane. Epstein and Mazzeo also demonstrate precise asymptotic results for the long-time behavior of solutions to both the forward and backward Kolmogorov equations.
Recovering the phase of the Fourier transform is a ubiquitous problem in imaging applications from astronomy to nanoscale X-ray diffraction imaging. Despite the efforts of a multitude of scientists, from astronomers to mathematicians, there is, as yet, no satisfactory theoretical or algorithmic solution to this class of problems. Written for mathematicians, physicists and engineers working in image analysis and reconstruction, this book introduces a conceptual, geometric framework for the analysis of these problems, leading to a deeper understanding of the essential, algorithmically independent, difficulty of their solutions. Using this framework, the book studies standard algorithms and a range of theoretical issues in phase retrieval and provides several new algorithms and approaches to this problem with the potential to improve the reconstructed images. The book is lavishly illustrated with the results of numerous numerical experiments that motivate the theoretical development and place it in the context of practical applications.
In this paper we develop the spectral theory of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for geometrically periodic hyperbolic 3-manifolds, [double-struck capital]H3/G. Using the theory of holomorphic families of operators, we obtain a quantitative description of the absolutely continuous spectrum.
Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease provides the comprehensive and actionable coverage you need to understand, diagnose, and manage the ever-changing, high-risk clinical problems caused by pediatric infectious diseases. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, and increased worldwide perspectives, this authoritative medical reference offers the latest need-to-know information in an easily-accessible, high-yield format for quick answers and fast, effective intervention! Spend less time searching thanks to a consistent, easily-accessible format featuring revised high-yield information boxes, highlighted key points, and an abundance of detailed illustrations and at-a-glance tables. Be prepared for the unexpected! A veritable "who's who" of global authorities provides practical knowledge to effectively diagnose and manage almost any infectious disease you may encounter. Quickly look up the answers you need by clinical presentation, pathogen, or type of host. Get expanded coverage for all types of infectious diseases including new chapters on infection related to pets and exotic animals, and tickborne infections. Apply the latest recommendations and treatments for emerging and re-emerging diseases including the H1N1 virus.
This basic textbook seeks to establish a "task-centered" methodology--a structured, short-term, problem-solving approach--applicable across systems at five levels of practice: the individual, the family, the group, organizations, and communities. The second edition offers more information on systems theories and includes case studies with each chapter. Checklists are provided for each level of practice along with questions for consideration and practice exercises to help students monitor their understanding and skill development.
The definitive guide to the clinical and scientific aspects of pulmonary medicine―fully updated with the latest advances in the field A Doody's Core Title for 2023! Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders delivers unparalleled coverage of pulmonary medicine. With nearly 2500 illustrations, 60 videos, and 22,000 references, this peerless, two-volume resource provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific basis of lung function in health and disease. You’ll find detailed coverage of the broad array of disorders affecting the respiratory system, including obstructive and restrictive diseases, pulmonary vascular disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, lung neoplasms, respiratory infections, and respiratory failure. In addition, you’ll learn about all the latest advances, including molecular development of the lung, stem cells and respiratory disease, the genetics of pulmonary disease, the growth of personalized medicine, technical advances in lung transplantation, and much more. Notable new content in the 6th edition includes discussion of the respiratory effects of vaping, detailed consideration of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonitides, state-of the-art discussion of lung nodules, a summary of the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer, COVID-19-related lung disease and its management, and a comprehensive discussion of noninvasive ventilation, including its use in ambulatory and ICU settings. In addition, new chapters on cystic lung disease, lung cancer screening, the lung microbiome, developmental lung disorders, nocardiosis and actinomycosis, and application of ECMO are included.
Recovering the phase of the Fourier transform is a ubiquitous problem in imaging applications from astronomy to nanoscale X-ray diffraction imaging. Despite the efforts of a multitude of scientists, from astronomers to mathematicians, there is, as yet, no satisfactory theoretical or algorithmic solution to this class of problems. Written for mathematicians, physicists and engineers working in image analysis and reconstruction, this book introduces a conceptual, geometric framework for the analysis of these problems, leading to a deeper understanding of the essential, algorithmically independent, difficulty of their solutions. Using this framework, the book studies standard algorithms and a range of theoretical issues in phase retrieval and provides several new algorithms and approaches to this problem with the potential to improve the reconstructed images. The book is lavishly illustrated with the results of numerous numerical experiments that motivate the theoretical development and place it in the context of practical applications.
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