In The Chinese Worker Dr. Hoffmann evaluates the Chinese revolution by examining its effects on China's workers. He describes the country's ideological and economic setting since the advent of the present regime and analyzes the results of the changing structure of the work force in terms of changes in employment, unemployment, and productivity. He discusses labor allocation and the horizontal and vertical mobility of workers, the role of trade unions in the management of labor, and the material well-being and quality of life which the Chinese worker enjoys today. Dr. Hoffmann concludes that in the twenty-odd years since the Chinese Communist Party established its authority over the mainland, the Chinese worker, despite ideological differences and power struggles between the Maoists and their adversaries, has begun to display the initial characteristics of the ultimate Communist human being: self-reliance, political acuity, and social commitment. The outcome of this adjustment to a more egalitarian environment has been a gradual internalization of the desired values of communism on a national scale. The worker in China is responding to social motivation while conventional individualistic, material incentives have become de-emphasized. This has resulted in some closing of social and economic gaps between workers and peasants; an increased participation in the processes of factory innovation, design, and decision making on the part of the worker; and higher levels of living for all workers. Dr. Hoffmann's recent trips to Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China have provided him with new material which has not yet been published in the United States. He presents the different facets of China's work force through descriptive analysis in which quantitative data are used whenever possible.
Is there a moment in history when a work receives its ideal interpretation? Or is negotiation always required to preserve the past and accommodate the present? The freedom of interpretation, Charles Rosen suggests in these sparkling explorations of music and literature, exists in a delicate balance with fidelity to the identity of the original work. Rosen cautions us to avoid doctrinaire extremes when approaching art of the past. To understand Shakespeare only as an Elizabethan or Jacobean theatergoer would understand him, or to modernize his plays with no sense of what they bring from his age, deforms the work, making it less ambiguous and inherently less interesting. For a work to remain alive, it must change character over time while preserving a valid witness to its earliest state. When twentieth-century scholars transformed Mozart's bland, idealized nineteenth-century image into that of a modern revolutionary expressionist, they paradoxically restored the reputation he had among his eighteenth-century contemporaries. Mozart became once again a complex innovator, challenging to perform and to understand. Drawing on a variety of critical methods, Rosen maintains that listening or reading with intensity-for pleasure-is the one activity indispensable for full appreciation. It allows us to experience multiple possibilities in literature and music, and to avoid recognizing only the revolutionary elements of artistic production. By reviving the sense that works of art have intrinsic merits that bring pleasure, we justify their continuing existence.
One of the greatest unmet challenges in conservation biology is the genetic management of fragmented populations of threatened animal and plant species. More than a million small, isolated, population fragments of threatened species are likely suffering inbreeding depression and loss of evolutionary potential, resulting in elevated extinction risks. Although these effects can often be reversed by re-establishing gene flow between population fragments, managers very rarely do this. On the contrary, genetic methods are used mainly to document genetic differentiation among populations, with most studies concluding that genetically differentiated populations should be managed separately, thereby isolating them yet further and dooming many to eventual extinction! Many small population fragments are going extinct principally for genetic reasons. Although the rapidly advancing field of molecular genetics is continually providing new tools to measure the extent of population fragmentation and its genetic consequences, adequate guidance on how to use these data for effective conservation is still lacking. This accessible, authoritative text is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students interested in conservation biology, conservation genetics, and wildlife management. It will also be of particular relevance to conservation practitioners and natural resource managers, as well as a broader academic audience of conservation biologists and evolutionary ecologists.
Many courses dealing with the material in this text are called "Applications of Group Theory." Emphasizing the central role and primary importance of symmetry in the applications, Symmetry in Bonding and Spectra enables students to handle applications, particularly applications to chemical bonding and spectroscopy. It contains the essential background in vectors and matrices for the applications, along with concise reviews of simple molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, and treatments of molecular shapes, as well as some quantum mechanics. Solved examples in the text illustrate theory and applications or introduce special points. Extensive problem sets cover the important methods and applications, with the answers in the appendix.
Covering famous operas from 14 Italian, French and German composers, this handbook is designed to help listeners understand and appreciate the special skills required to sing famous operatic songs. The book includes a plot synopsis of each opera with information about each song, which are introduced in their dramatic settings along with the vocal requirements for the most demanding passages. Interactive literary and rhyming exercises help the reader become more engaged and knowledgeable. Foreign language passages are translated into English and key words are highlighted in each language. The operatic vocabulary is defined to help the listener better understand the technical demands for a highly trained voice. The book is designed as a useful handbook for both experienced and beginning opera listeners. Appendices provide information on singers, recordings and useful references.
Robert Schumann's Kreisleriana for piano is a cycle of eight contrasting pieces composed in 1838. The work belongs to one of Schumann's most creative periods. It was influenced by the writings of author E. T. A. Hoffmann and was inspired by Schumann's love for his wife, Clara. The current edition has been thoroughly researched, with comparisons made between all early sources. The 1850 second edition has been used as the primary source, which includes revisions made by Schumann and reflects his final intentions. Discrepancies with the first edition (1838), third edition (1858), and various Clara Schumann editions have been discussed in critical notes. Prefatory matter discusses the genesis of Kreisleriana, the relationship between Hoffmann's writings and Schumann's journalism and compositions, and the early champions and performers of this masterwork. Also included are discussions of the form of each piece and helpful performance suggestions. Editorial pedaling and fingering suggestions have been provided to facilitate learning and performance. Charles Timbrell is Professor of Music and Coordinator of Keyboard Studies at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he teaches piano, piano literature, and piano pedagogy. He also maintains an active career as a performer, author, lecturer, and adjudicator.
This volume is part of the definitive edition of letters written by and to Charles Darwin, the most celebrated naturalist of the nineteenth century. Notes and appendixes put these fascinating and wide-ranging letters in context, making the letters accessible to both scholars and general readers. Darwin depended on correspondence to collect data from all over the world and to discuss his emerging ideas with scientific colleagues, many of whom he never met in person. The letters are published chronologically: volume 22 includes letters from 1874, the year in which Darwin completed his research on insectivorous plants and published second editions of Descent of Man and Coral Reefs. The year also saw an acrimonious dispute between Darwin and St George Jackson Mivart as a result of an anonymous review the latter had written in which he criticised Darwin's son George.
Global Business Today has been developed specifically to meet the needs of international students of business. Written in a refreshing, informative, and accessible style, it has become the most widely used text in the International Business market with its comprehensive and up-to-date contents; focus on managerial implications and application of international business concepts; and incorporation of ancillary resources that enliven the text and make it easier to teach. In addition to boxed material which provides insightful illustrations in every chapter, interesting anecdotes have been carefully weaved into the narrative of the text to engage the reader. Enhancements to the Global Edition include: New Country Focus boxes that provide background on the political, economic, social, or cultural aspects of countries grappling with an international business issue to help raise students’ awareness of how national and geographic differences affect the conduct of international business, such as Corruption in the Philippines and the Export Processing Zone Authority of Pakistan. New Management Focus boxes that provide lively illustrations of the relevance of chapter material for the practice of international business, including Patenting Basmati Rice and Expatriate Managers. New Perspective boxes that provide additional context for chapter topics, such as Market Economy in China, Australian SMEs Embrace the Chinese Currency, and Global Variations in Ownership Structure.
Young measures are now a widely used tool in the Calculus of Variations, in Control Theory, in Probability Theory and other fields. They are known under different names such as "relaxed controls", "fuzzy random variables" and many other names. This monograph provides a unified presentation of the theory, along with new results and applications in various fields. It can serve as a reference on the subject. Young measures are presented in a general setting which includes finite and for the first time infinite dimensional spaces: the fields of applications of Young measures (Control Theory, Calculus of Variations, Probability Theory...) are often concerned with problems in infinite dimensional settings. The theory of Young measures is now well understood in a finite dimensional setting, but open problems remain in the infinite dimensional case. We provide several new results in the general frame, which are new even in the finite dimensional setting, such as characterizations of convergence in measure of Young measures (Chapter 3) and compactness criteria (Chapter 4).These results are established under a different form (and with fewer details and developments) in recent papers by the same authors. We also provide new applications to Visintin and Reshetnyak type theorems (Chapters 6 and 8), existence of solutions to differential inclusions (Chapter 7), dynamical programming (Chapter 8) and the Central Limit Theorem in locally convex spaces (Chapter 9).
Cet ebook regroupe les oeuvres complètes de Charles Baudelaire. Des tables des matières rendent la navigation intuitive et agréable. ---- Contenu: Le Jeune Enchanteur (1846) La Fanfarlo (1847) Les Fleurs du mal (1857) Les Paradis artificiels (1860) Les Fleurs du mal (1861) Les Épaves (1866) Les Fleurs du mal (additional poems of the 1868 edition) Curiosités esthétiques (1868): Salon de 1845, Salon de 1846, Le musée classique du bazar bonne-nouvelle, Exposition universelle — 1855 — beaux-arts, Salon de 1859, De l'essence du rire, Quelques caricaturistes français, Quelques caricaturistes étrangers. L'Art romantique (1869): L'Œuvre et la vie d'Eugène Delacroix, Peintures murales d'Eugène Delacroix à Saint-Sulpice, Le peintre de la vie moderne, Peintres et aqua-fortistes, Vente de la collection de M. E. Piot, L'art philosophique, Morale du joujou, Théophile Gautier, Pierre Dupont, Richard Wagner et Tannhäuser à Paris, Philibert Rouvière, Conseils aux jeunes littérateurs, Les drames et les romans honnêtes, L'école païenne, Réflexions sur quelques-uns de mes contemporains, Critiques littéraires. Petits Poëmes en prose (1869) Œuvres posthumes (1908): Les fleurs du mal, Autres poésies publiées du vivant de l'auteur, Poésies publiées depuis la mort de l'auteur ou inédites, Poésies apocryphes, Journaux intimes, Théatre, Critique littéraire, Travaux sur Edgar Poe, Sur les beaux-arts, Argument du livre sur la Belgique, Polémiques, Variétés, Baudelaire journaliste, Projets et notes.
It was logical to expect that the European Economic and Monetary Union would lead ineluctably to an autonomous European defense; the very size of the European Union seems to demand it. The EU eventually will reach the point where its economic and demographic weight will far exceed that of the United States. Can it not be expected too that the EU will seek to make this weight felt internationally? Cogan tracks the halting creation of an independent European military structure, a third way between national armies and ATO, since the Iron Curtain's fall. With the Cold War's end and subsequent western engagements in Central and Eastern Europe, it is no longer a question of whether NATO and the EU compare; they now must relate. They have to coordinate their planning and force postures so as to avoid duplication of resources and efforts. Although NATO's integrated command structure theoretically was an anomaly with the end of the Cold War, it nevertheless turned out to be the case in Bosnia, and later Kosovo, that nothing was possible until the Americans intervened. The virtue of integrated command -- American participation and know-how -- was once again seen as crucially important, despite the increasingly anachronistic deficit of sovereignty for Western Europe in defense matters. In the long run, Europe's economic power must be balanced by its military and diplomatic might.
Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology explores the chemistry and chemical technology of peat as a chemical feedstock. The processes that generate peat chemicals, such as solvent extraction and acid hydrolysis, are discussed. Some of the more important implications of peat use for humans and nature are also pointed out. This book describes alternative technologies for each of the major organic components of peat, including solvent extraction of peat bitumens; decolorization and oxidation of peat waxes; acid hydrolysis of unfractionated peat; and coke production. Other chapters discuss chemical characterization and analysis of peat; composition and hydrolysis of peat carbohydrates; composition of peat hydrolysates intended for yeast production; production of organic chemicals by peat hydrolysis; and scale of peat chemical operations. The final chapter examines the ecological and other environmental factors affecting the chemical technology of peat. This monograph will be a useful source of information for chemists, engineers, and managers interested in the industrial potential of peat as a chemical feedstock.
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