Charles Francis Adams, Jr. (1835-1915) was the grandson of President John Quincy Adams and brother to the historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams. Although born to privilege and wealth, he volunteered for service in 1861 and ended the war as a Colonel. Afterwards, he found success as the CEO of the Union Pacific Railroad and a significant American historian. Here are collected, for the first time, essays and lectures by Charles Francis Adams, Jr. on the Civil War, war-related historiography, and his reservations about the American embrace of empire in 1898. Works in this collection include: Lee at Appomattox The Constitutional Ethics of Secession 'Tis Sixty Years Hence Lee's Centennial "War is Hell" Lincoln's Offer to Garibaldi Some Phases of the Civil War An Undeveloped Function "The Solid South" and the Afro-American Race Problem "Shall Cromwell Have a Statue?" The Confederacy and the Transvaal: A People's Obligation to Robert E. Lee The Monroe Doctrine and Mommsen's Law The Civil War Pension Lack-of-System The Crisis of Foreign Intervention in the War of Secession What Mr. Cleveland Stands For Mr. Cleveland's Task "Imperialism" & "The Tracks of Our Forefathers" The Panama Canal Zone: An Epochal Event in Sanitation The Trent Affair A National Change of Heart A Plea for Military History The Sifted Grain and the Grain Sifters Reflex Light From Africa The Lessons of the Butler Canvass Reform in City Government To the Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, Regarding the Philippines The Doctrine of Equality and the Race Problem
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A man's twenty-seventh year is "critical," according to Charles Francis Adams. And so his proved to be. Twenty-five at the start of these volumes, Adams had yet to embark on the public career that would mark him a statesman, but by their conclusion he had been drawn into the maelstrom of politics. It was an unwilling plunge, dictated by what both he and his father, John Quincy Adams, regarded as betrayal of the elder Adams by Daniel Webster and his Whigs. Once in, however, he showed himself politically adept. This diary, kept from January 1833 to June 1836 and hitherto unpublished, has elements of hidden personal drama. Through private meetings and caucuses and newspaper articles signed with pseudonyms, the younger Adams found effective means to carry on political activities in the face of dilemmas posed by his father's public prominence, his father-in-law's contrary persuasions, and his own preferences. He emerged with growing self-respect and solid accomplishment as political journalist--his initial vocation. The diary has fresh disclosures also about the personality of John Quincy Adams, shrewdly assessed by an observer uniquely placed to interpret domestic scenes as well as the greatly waged struggles in Washington against the Southern "slaveocracy" and "gag rules." Colorful figures in Boston's political and social life are finely etched in outspoken appraisals characteristic of the Adamses. The diarist shows acuteness too in comments on books, sermons, paintings, the theater, and opera.
Charles Francis Adams II was born May 27, 1835, the son of Charles Francis Adams (1807-86), and through him the grandson of President John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) and the great-grandson of President John Adams (1735-1826). After graduating from Harvard University in 1856 (the same school his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather graduated from), he served during the US Civil War. Initially a captain in a Massachusetts cavalry regiment, he saw combat in several battles, and retired as a brevet brigadier general. After the war, he served on the Massachusetts Railroad Commission, and then was president of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1884 to 1890. From 1893 to 1895, he was chairman of the Massachusetts Park Commission. As a railroad executive, he attempted to expose corrupt business practices, in the hope that businessmen would be shamed into mending their ways. But he also held true to a regulatory philosophy, viewing regulation as necessary to protect investors and businessmen. Adams was also a historian, and became president of the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1895 and the American Historical Association in 1901. He wrote extensively on the problems of railway management, his business philosophies, and on other historical subjects. In January 1913, at the Founders' Day Celebration at Harvard University, he gave this address, looking back on the sixty years since he'd first entered Harvard as a student. Charles Francis Adams II died a week before his 80th birthday, on May 20, 1915.
In the single hour self-allotted for my part in this occasion there is much ground to cover,--the time is short, and I have far to go. Did I now, therefore, submit all I had proposed to say when I accepted your invitation, there would remain no space for preliminaries. Yet something of that character is in place. I will try to make it brief. As the legend or text of what I have in mind to submit, I have given the words "'Tis Sixty Years Since." As some here doubtless recall, this is the second or subordinate title of Walter Scott's first novel, "Waverley," which brought him fame. Given to the world in 1814,--hard on a century ago,--"Waverley" told of the last Stuart effort to recover the crown of Great Britain,--that of "The '45." It so chances that Scott's period of retrospect is also just now most appropriate in my case, inasmuch as I entered Harvard as a student in the year 1853--"sixty years since!" It may fairly be asserted that school life ends, and what may in contradistinction thereto be termed thinking and acting life begins, the day the young man passes the threshold of the institution of more advanced education. For him, life's responsibilities then begin. Prior to that confused, thenceforth things with him become consecutive,--a sequence. Insensibly he puts away childish things.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A man's twenty-seventh year is "critical," according to Charles Francis Adams. And so his proved to be. Twenty-five at the start of these volumes, Adams had yet to embark on the public career that would mark him a statesman, but by their conclusion he had been drawn into the maelstrom of politics. It was an unwilling plunge, dictated by what both he and his father, John Quincy Adams, regarded as betrayal of the elder Adams by Daniel Webster and his Whigs. Once in, however, he showed himself politically adept. This diary, kept from January 1833 to June 1836 and hitherto unpublished, has elements of hidden personal drama. Through private meetings and caucuses and newspaper articles signed with pseudonyms, the younger Adams found effective means to carry on political activities in the face of dilemmas posed by his father's public prominence, his father-in-law's contrary persuasions, and his own preferences. He emerged with growing self-respect and solid accomplishment as political journalist--his initial vocation. The diary has fresh disclosures also about the personality of John Quincy Adams, shrewdly assessed by an observer uniquely placed to interpret domestic scenes as well as the greatly waged struggles in Washington against the Southern "slaveocracy" and "gag rules." Colorful figures in Boston's political and social life are finely etched in outspoken appraisals characteristic of the Adamses. The diarist shows acuteness too in comments on books, sermons, paintings, the theater, and opera.
The period of June 1836 to February 1840, from Charles Francis Adams's twenty-eighth to thirty-second year, was characterized by his turn from the political activities that had occupied him for the preceding several years. The course of the Van Buren administration he had helped to elect dissatisfied him, the Massachusetts Whig leadership had earned his distrust, positions on political issues that would either echo or oppose those being vigorously espoused by his father, John Quincy Adams, he felt inhibited from avowing publicly. So confronted, Charles found occupation in preparing and expressing himself on economic matters of moment--banking and currency--and moral questions generated by the slavery issue. With increasing effectiveness he employed the lecture platform and the press for the expression of views to which he felt free to attach his name. On all these matters he found his opinions at odds with the prevailing ones held among those prominent in the Boston scene, as John Adams and John Quincy Adams had found before him. Yet, despite a sense of loneliness, so induced, his participation in the varied social life of the city has its place in the Diary. However, activities in Boston and its environs that provided a focus for the record of the preceding years give way in these volumes to wider scenes made available by train and ship. An extensive journey with his wife by way of the Hudson River and the Erie Canal to Niagara and Canada, a visit of some length and interest in Washington, and stays of lesser length in New York City are recounted. Wide and persistent reading, the theater, numismatics, and the building of a summer home in Quincy also occupied him and are fully reflected in his journal. Family tragedies are not absent from its pages. As the period comes to its close his long and distinguished labors as editor of the family's papers had begun. A new self-assurance has become evident.
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