This book is a comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia detailing different types of anaesthesia, techniques, subsequent effects and possible complications. Divided into six sections the book begins with basic clinical knowledge including anatomy and physiology and the effects of ocular medications. The following sections examine the techniques and uses of regional anaesthesia, concluding with a chapter on emergencies in ocular surgery. The second half of the book covers general anaesthesia covering the physiological and pharmacological effects on the eye, and its use for numerous subspecialty surgical procedures including for examination and diagnosis, for paediatric surgeries, vitreoretinal surgery, glaucoma, emergency eye surgery and more. The final section is dedicated to the causes and management of chronic ophthalmic pain. Each chapter features an abstract and ‘nuggets of wisdom’ providing useful points on the topic. Nearly 200 clinical images and tables enhance learning. Key Points Comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia covering types, techniques, effects and complications Discusses both regional and general anaesthesia for numerous ocular surgeries Includes chapters on emergencies in ocular surgical procedures Each chapter includes an abstract and ‘nuggets of wisdom’
Global ageing, in both developed and undeveloped countries, has made the need for high-quality knowledge and research on anaesthesia for the elderly increasingly important. The second edition of Anaesthesia for the Elderly Patient offers the anaesthetist guidance on the evaluation and management of elderly patients that present at hospital for surgery and anaesthesia. Containing 15 chapters on key topics such as emergency anaesthesia, orthopaedic surgery, and neurosurgery, as well as a new chapter on 'Anaesthesia for Non-Theatre Environments', this book ensures the reader is fully prepared for the clinical challenges they may face when working with this ever-growing vulnerable group. Part of the Oxford Anaesthesia Library series, this second edition of Anaesthesia for the Elderly Patient offers a fully up-to-date comprehensive introduction to the major clinical issues facing anaesthetists working with elderly patients. All chapters are fully updated and content is presented in a concise and easy to read format, with helpful key points listed at the start of each chapter.
The second edition of Anaesthesia for the Elderly Patient offers a fully up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to the major clinical issues facing anaesthetists working with elderly patients.
This book is a comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia detailing different types of anaesthesia, techniques, subsequent effects and possible complications. Divided into six sections the book begins with basic clinical knowledge including anatomy and physiology and the effects of ocular medications. The following sections examine the techniques and uses of regional anaesthesia, concluding with a chapter on emergencies in ocular surgery. The second half of the book covers general anaesthesia covering the physiological and pharmacological effects on the eye, and its use for numerous subspecialty surgical procedures including for examination and diagnosis, for paediatric surgeries, vitreoretinal surgery, glaucoma, emergency eye surgery and more. The final section is dedicated to the causes and management of chronic ophthalmic pain. Each chapter features an abstract and ‘nuggets of wisdom’ providing useful points on the topic. Nearly 200 clinical images and tables enhance learning. Key Points Comprehensive guide to ophthalmic anaesthesia covering types, techniques, effects and complications Discusses both regional and general anaesthesia for numerous ocular surgeries Includes chapters on emergencies in ocular surgical procedures Each chapter includes an abstract and ‘nuggets of wisdom’
This book provides in-depth knowledge in the areas of convergence of cloud-IoT technologies and industry 4.0 with society 5.0, machine-to-machine communication, machine-to-person communication, techno-psychological perspective of society 5.0, sentiment analysis of smart digital societies, multi-access edge computing for 5G networks, discovery & location reporting of multi-access edge enabled clients/servers, m-health systems, enhancing the concert of M-health technologies in smart societies, supervising communication services in smart societies, life quality enhancement in smart city societies, multiple disease infection predictions, and societal opinion mining algorithms for smart cities societies using cloud-IoT integrated intelligent machine / deep learning technologies to the readers in the distributive environment. In this book, the authors have mandatorily discussed the implementation of cloud-IoT based machine learning technologies like clustering technique, Naïve Bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), Firefly algorithm, Rough set classifiers, support vector machine classifier, decision tree classifier, ensemble classifier, random forest, and deep learning algorithms to analyze the behavior of intelligent machines and human habits using automated data scheduling and smart digital networks. At present, we live in a self-motivated and dynamic global society where technologies and challenges are unexpectedly changing overnight. These rapid changes in globalization and technological advances are creating new market forces every day. Therefore, day-to-day innovation is essential for any business or institution to survive and flourish in such an atmosphere. Though, innovation is no longer just to create value to do good to individuals, societies, or organizations. The utmost purpose of innovation is to create a smart futuristic society where people can enjoy the best quality of life using natural resources and manmade technologies including cloud-IoT technologies, and industry 4.0. Hence, the innovators and their innovations must search for intelligent solutions to tackle major socio-technical problems and remove barriers of rural, urban and smart city societies. The smart digitization and intelligent implementation of manufacturing development processes are the necessities for today’s rural, urban, and smart city industries. All types of industries including development, manufacturing, and research are presently shifting from bunch production to customized production. The fast advancements in manufacturing technologies have an in-depth impact on all types of societies including societies of rural areas, urban areas, and smart cities. Industry 4.0 includes the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet, Smart Manufacturing, Cloud-based computing, and Manufacturing Technologies. The objective of this book is to establish linkage between the Industry 4.0 components and various rural, urban & smart city societies (including society 5.0) to bring actual prosperity where human values, peace of mind, human relations, man-machine-relations, and calmness will have utmost preference. These objectives can be achieved by the integration of human societal values, and social opinion mining (SOM) approaches with the existing technologies.
The book especially deals with the peasant unrest and uprisings in the erstwhile three districts of Assam viz. Kamrup, Darrang, and Nowgong from 1858 to 1894. The year 1858 has been taken as a starting point, as it has a special importance in the history of the British India. After the Great Mutiny of 1857, Assam, like other parts of India, went into the hands of the British Crown in 1858. The colonial government decided to augment the rate of revenue on land from this year with a view to meet their loss in the Great Mutiny. Hence, this year may be termed as the confrontation Year between the peasants and the government, which continued up to 1894 and even beyond that. The peasant unrest of Assam has fetched some new aspects into focus, and some of them has been referred herein proper places. The specific period (185894) has yet not been studied, albeit lots have been done in this field. It is because of that that it has received not due attention as is given to the same phenomena in other parts of India. This work is an endeavor to give as far as possible a comprehensive, accessible, and crystal picture of a series of complex scenario.
This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.
Vegetables are rich and cheaper sources of vitamins. They supply good taste and palatability, increase appetite, provide fibres for digestion and prevent constipation. They also play an important role in neutralizing acids produced during digestion of proteinaceous and fatty foods and provides valuable roughages which help in the movement of food in intestine. On the other hand, tuber crops are rich sources of carbohydrates, energy and nutrients. No other books are available which deal with various aspects of crop productivity, physiology and post-harvest technology. In the world, many vegetables and tuber crops are grown and harvested for the supplying nutrients to mankind. This book deals with utilization, production technology, water and nutrient management, weed and pest management, disease management, physiological basis of crop productivity, abiotic stress factors affecting crop productivity and post-harvest technology of several vegetables and tuber crops. It deals with pre- and harvest technologies influencing the productivity of both world vegetables and world crops. The book contains an insight, Solanaceous vegetables, cucurbit vegetables, cole crops, leafy vegetables, root and tuber crops, bulb crops, leguminous crops and several other ones. The book will be highly useful to students and researchers working on various aspects of vegetables and tuber crops.
Phytoremediation aids to augment bioremediation as it uses broad range plants to remediate soil, sediment, surface water and ground water that have been contaminated with toxic metals, organic, pesticides and radionuclides. This book serves to disseminate detailed up to date knowledge regarding the various aspects of phytoremediation and plant-microbe interaction. The book highlights process and molecular mechanisms for industrial waste detoxification during phytoremediation in wetland plants, role of endophytic bacteria for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants, constructed wetland treatment system for treatment and recycling of hazardous wastewater, amongst other relevant topics. Key Features: Focuses on phytoremediation process for different pollutants, mainly heavy metal detoxification in the presence of other co-pollutants. Includes plant-soil-microbe interactions in phytoremediations and remediation of contaminated water. Explores life cycle assessment of industrial waste contaminated site with organic pollutants. Discusses hyperaccumulator versus non-hyperaccumulator plants for environmental waste management. Includes bacterial assisted phytoremediation and siderophore formation in specific environmental conditions.
Present world is witnessing drastic changes harshly impacting its bio-resources (plants, animals and organisms) that are considered as natural gift for our livelihood. Global warming, climate change, abiotic and biotic stresses are strangling and challenging the survivability of these resources. It is therefore crucial to manage these resources for making planet Earth more suitable to live. Moreover, there is an utter need to know how climate dynamic and biotic or abiotic factors are influencing on bio-resources and also to frame its sustainable management strategies. This book is the output of the research deliberations at 3rd International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management, India; and expert views on contemporary research and management issues in relation to bio-resources and its management. This timely needed uniquely written reference book consists of 29 well-crafted chapters on sustainable land, water and crop management, organic agriculture, climate change and crop productivity, stress management, bio-resource conservation, bio-fortification for nutritional security, agro-techniques, agro-forestry and forest resource management and waste management etc. which certainly will be of great use by the scientists, academician, researches, scholars, students, extension workers, corporate and NGO’s working in these aspects.
Nutraceutical Fruits and Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders presents food-based strategies, specifically related to nutraceuticals, in delaying the onset and slowing down of the propensity of neuronal devastation. In addition to highlighting the positive effects of nutraceutical fruits and foods on brain health, the book also explores the medicinal properties of fruits, vegetables, berries and nutraceuticals, along with their contribution to environmental factors, potential hazards and the need for specific regulatory actions. This book will be a welcomed reference for nutrition researchers, dieticians, nutritionists and academicians studying related fields. Users will find this book to be a solid foundation on which scientific knowledge in the field of aromatic crop-based phytoremediation can grow and expand. It will also be a good and instructive text with a format that is easy to grasp and read. Focuses on anthropogenic land pollution and management through aromatic crops Provides basic understanding and a clear picture on how to use aromatic grasses in phytoremediation with a goal toward sustainable development Explores the sustainability of aromatic crop cultivation in polluted land in phytoremediation programs
Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids addresses several issues related to safe and effective delivery of nucleic acids (NAs) using nanoparticles. A further emphasis would be laid on the mechanism of delivery of NAs, the barriers encountered and the strategies adapted to combat them. An exhaustive account of the advantages as well shortcomings of all the delivery vectors being employed in delivery of various NAs will be provided. On final note the regulatory aspects of nanoparticles mediated NA would be discussed, with focus on their clinical relevance. The design and development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics for the treatment of diseases arising from genetic abnormalities has made significant progress over the past few years. NAs have been widely explored for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases or to block cell proliferation and thereby caused diseases. Advances in synthetic oligonucleotide chemistry resulted in synthesis of NAs that are relatively stable in in vivo environments. However, cellular targeting and intracellular delivery of NAs still remains a challenge. Further development of NA-based therapeutics depends on the progress of safe and effective carriers for systemic administration. Nanomedicine has facilitated availability of vectors with diminished cytotoxicity and enhanced efficacy which are rapidly emerging as systems of choice. These vectors protect NAs from enzymatic degradation by forming condensed complexes along with targeted tissue and cellular delivery. During the past few years, a myriad reports have appeared reporting delivery of NAs mediated by nanoparticles. This book will provide an overview of nanoparticles being employed in the in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutically relevant NAs like DNA, siRNA, LNA, PNA, etc. Provides a complete overview of the applicatiosn of nanomedicine in the delivery of nucleic acids, from characterization of nanoparticles, to in vitro and in vivo studies Discusses delivery issues of less well explored nucleic acids, like PNAs, Ribozymes, DNAzymes, etc. Summarizes the current state of research in nucleic acid delivery and underscores the future of nanomedicine in this field
Phytoremediation Potential of Perennial Grasses provides readers with the knowledge to select specific perennial grass species according to site-specific needs. In addition, it demonstrates the potential opportunities for grass-based phytoremediation to yield phytoproducts, especially biomass-based bioenergy and aromatic essential oils as a green economy while in the process of remediating contaminated sites. The book brings together recent and established knowledge on different aspects of grass-based phytoremediation, providing this information in a single source that offers a cutting-edge synthesis of scientific and experiential knowledge on polluted site restoration that is useful for both practitioners and scientists in environmental science and ecology. Provides a holistic approach to grass-based phytoremediation, covering the ecological, economic and social issues related to its management Addresses the key role that grass-based phytoremediation plays in maintaining ecosystem services in polluted sites Includes strategies to mitigate costs related to the phytoremediation of polluted sites
Adaptive Phytoremediation Practices: Resilience to Climate Change discusses current phytoremediation practices under an ever-pressing need for environmental remediation due to increasing pollution in a changing climate. Phytoremediation is increasingly relevant due to plants’ high effectiveness and sustainability during remediation and the ability of potential phytoremediation plants to adapt to changes in climate. Changing climatic conditions cause various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants and thereby negatively affect a plant’s establishment, growth, and yield. Therefore, the integration of suitable climate-resilient plants and adaptive remedial practices along with proper agro-biotechnological interventions is of paramount importance to mitigate the rapidly growing pollution. This book is an important reference for environmental scientists, particularly those working in pollution management and remediation, forming an up-to-date collection of phytoremediation practices that provide sustainable solutions as a holistic approach for carrying out phytoremediation under changing climatic conditions. Provides up-to-date research and understanding on how to design, refine, and implement adaptive phytoremediation practices Focuses on enhancing resilience in plants toward climate change and explanations of the characteristics of resilient plants for adaptive phytoremediation practices in a changing climate Presents methods and solutions for adapting phytoremediation practices to climate change
An accessible guide that introduces students in all areas of life sciences to bioinformatics Basic Applied Bioinformatics provides a practical guidance in bioinformatics and helps students to optimize parameters for data analysis and then to draw accurate conclusions from the results. In addition to parameter optimization, the text will also familiarize students with relevant terminology. Basic Applied Bioinformatics is written as an accessible guide for graduate students studying bioinformatics, biotechnology, and other related sub-disciplines of the life sciences. This accessible text outlines the basics of bioinformatics, including pertinent information such as downloading molecular sequences (nucleotide and protein) from databases; BLAST analyses; primer designing and its quality checking, multiple sequence alignment (global and local using freely available software); phylogenetic tree construction (using UPGMA, NJ, MP, ME, FM algorithm and MEGA7 suite), prediction of protein structures and genome annotation, RNASeq data analyses and identification of differentially expressed genes and similar advanced bioinformatics analyses. The authors Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay, Ratan Kumar Choudhary, and Mir Asif Iquebal are noted experts in the field and have come together to provide an updated information on bioinformatics. Salient features of this book includes: Accessible and updated information on bioinformatics tools A practical step-by-step approach to molecular-data analyses Information pertinent to study a variety of disciplines including biotechnology, zoology, bioinformatics and other related fields Worked examples, glossary terms, problems and solutions Basic Applied Bioinformatics gives students studying bioinformatics, agricultural biotechnology, animal biotechnology, medical biotechnology, microbial biotechnology, and zoology an updated introduction to the growing field of bioinformatics.
Fiber Crop–Based Phytoremediation: Socio-economic and Environmental Sustainability provides an informative source of information on using fiber crops for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is gaining attention globally due to ever-increasing numbers and areas of industrially polluted sites. The major challenge is to develop new and cost-effective solutions to decontaminate polluted sites. In this regard, plant-based remediation, especially using fiber crops, is a promising and cost-effective approach for environmental remediation on a large-scale due to its socio-economic and ecological sustainability. Furthermore, changing environmental conditions also cause various biotic and abiotic stresses in fiber crops and thereby negatively affect the fiber crop establishment, growth and yield.This book will be specifically important to these readers who need to be able to select specific fiber crop species according to site-specificity of the contaminated site. Provides up-to-date research and understanding on how to utilize fiber crops for the phytoremediation of contaminated land Covers a wide range of applicable fiber crops, including bast, grass and woody crops, allowing for the utilization of techniques regardless of specific fiber crop Details the uses and benefits of fiber crop phytoremediation on environmental, societal and economic development
Reverse Osmosis starts with an overview of the historic development of the RO membrane, the RO process, and its effect on other membrane separation processes. Other chapters cover the development of nanocomposites of TFC membranes and modern membrane characterization techniques, such as TEM, AFM and PALS, the RO membrane transport model, and RO membrane fouling. The book also describes, in detail, experimental methods for setting up RO experiments, RO membrane modules, RO membrane systems, and desalination and water treatment by RO. Applications in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, biochemical, petroleum and petrochemical industries are also summarized. Other sections cover the development of RO membranes with high thermal and chemical stability, attempts to develop polymeric or inorganic membranes, and hybrid processes where RO is combined with forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD). Written by renowned experts in the field who have complementary expertise Provides an in-depth discussion of reverse osmosis transport based on nano-level membrane structure Comprehensively reviews recent progresses in novel reverse osmosis membrane development
This book focuses on various aspects of nanotechnology based gene silencing. The initial chapters detail the techniques available for in vitro and in vivo characterization of nanoparticles. In the later chapters, exhaustive details about various polymeric systems employed for gene silencing has been accounted.
This book is based on my scientific study on a Protected Area. This PA is inhabited by many villages and is situated very close to Tata Steel Township, Jharkhand, India. These forests serve as the socio-economic backbone for thousands of poor villagers living in and around this Sanctuary. Lack of clear policy goals in governance and poor institutional frame work along with inadequate information on ever increasing demand of ecosystem services, has led to many catastrophic irreversible ecosystem damages. Quantitative evidences on economic value needs to be generated because many consequential benefits are not tradable in the markets. In this study, I have valued some of the major tangible ecosystem services such as; carbon, oxygen, fuel wood, fodder, non-timber forest products, supply of quality drinking water and recreation, through scientific methods. The ecosystem service value is not taken in to account in the Nation's GDP and thereby, never influenced the decision making bodies of the Government towards sustainable ecosystem management efforts. This PA is also highly damaged by incessant disturbances to fauna, flora assemblages and their micro-ecological intricacies. This study is an effort to reorient the policy priorities so as to effectively conserve our precious heritage for the future generations.
During recent decades, tremendous progress and innovations have been made in rice science with the goal of increasing production to meet the world’s growing demands. This new volume provides a concise overview of rice, covering the background and importance of rice; origin, evolution, and domestication of rice; and the world rice production. It goes on to provide new and important recent research advances on many different aspects of rice science and production. The authors look at advances in rice ideotypes, abiotic stress management techniques, biotic stress affecting crop productivity, new methods and technology for cultivation, and new methods and techniques in rice grain quality analysis and processing. It also describes new rice varieties, new hybrid rice technology, and new breeding methods for rice.
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