With advances in agro-technology, cucurbits are now being grown throughout the year. However, they are prone to biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in significant yield loss. Sustainable management of such stresses is a complex issue in the intensive cultivation of cucurbits involving high levels of fertilization and irrigation. Further, under the changing climatic conditions, pest scenarios vary constantly, with invasive alien species of pests becoming more common as a result of free trade and frequent international travel. As such, agrochemicals are being used as powerful weapons to combat the increasing number of pests and diseases. Lack of proper crop management technologies, inaccurate diagnosis, and indiscriminate and excessive use of pesticides are major causes of pesticide resistance and resurgence, environmental pollution, and hazards to the non-target biota. This comprehensive book provides essential insights into the management of biotic and abiotic stresses in cucurbit cultivation and re-evaluating the role of agrochemicals, and gathers information on insect pests, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds, as well as on their sustainable management from scattered sources. Written in language that is easy to understand and including high-quality photographs, it is a valuable resource for students, researchers, plant protection specialists, extension workers, and growers.
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid state process in which a non consumable stirring (rotating) tool is plunged into a work piece up to half thickness, which causes intense plastic deformation, material mixing, and thermal exposure, resulting in refinement of micro structural properties, enhancement of mechanical properties, and homogeneity of the processed (nugget) zone. The FSP technique has been successfully used for producing fine-grained structure and surface composite, modifying the microstructure of materials, synthesizing composites like metal-metal composites. The use of FSP generates significant frictional heating and intense plastic deformation, thereby resulting in the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in the stirred zone (SZ). Although there is still a controversy about the grain-refinement mechanism in the SZ, it is generally believed that the grain refinement is due to dynamic recrystallization. Therefore, the factors influencing the nucleation and growth of the dynamic recrystallization will determine the resultant grain microstructure in the SZ. It has been demonstrated that the FSP parameters, tool geometry, material chemistry, workpiece temperature, vertical pressure, and active cooling exert a significant effect on the size of the recrystallized grains in the SZ.
How Can We Lower the Power Consumption of Gas Sensors? There is a growing demand for low-power, high-density gas sensor arrays that can overcome problems relative to high power consumption. Low power consumption is a prerequisite for any type of sensor system to operate at optimum efficiency. Focused on fabrication-friendly microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other areas of sensor technology, MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors explores the distinct advantages of using MEMS in low power consumption, and provides extensive coverage of the MEMS/nanotechnology platform for gas sensor applications. This book outlines the microfabrication technology needed to fabricate a gas sensor on a MEMS platform. It discusses semiconductors, graphene, nanocrystalline ZnO-based microfabricated sensors, and nanostructures for volatile organic compounds. It also includes performance parameters for the state of the art of sensors, and the applications of MEMS and nanotechnology in different areas relevant to the sensor domain. In addition, the book includes: An introduction to MEMS for MEMS materials, and a historical background of MEMS A concept for cleanroom technology The substrate materials used for MEMS Two types of deposition techniques, including chemical vapour deposition (CVD) The properties and types of photoresists, and the photolithographic processes Different micromachining techniques for the gas sensor platform, and bulk and surface micromachining The design issues of a microheater for MEMS-based sensors The synthesis technique of a nanocrystalline metal oxide layer A detailed review about graphene; its different deposition techniques; and its important electronic, electrical, and mechanical properties with its application as a gas sensor Low-cost, low-temperature synthesis techniques An explanation of volatile organic compound (VOC) detection and how relative humidity affects the sensing parameters MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors provides a broad overview of current, emerging, and possible future MEMS applications. MEMS technology can be applied in the automotive, consumer, industrial, and biotechnology domains.
Harvesting Sustainability: A Comprehensive Guide to Farming Systems and Sustainable Agriculture" Description: In a world challenged by growing populations, changing climates, and depleting natural resources, the call for sustainable agriculture has never been more urgent. "Harvesting Sustainability" is your definitive guide to understanding and implementing farming systems that prioritize environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equity. Dive into the intricate web of modern agricultural practices, from traditional methods to cutting-edge technologies, as this book unveils the principles of sustainable agriculture. Whether you're a seasoned farmer, an agricultural student, or simply an eco-conscious individual interested in the food you consume, this book equips you with the knowledge needed to make a positive impact. Key Features: Comprehensive Coverage: Explore the historical evolution of agriculture, the current state of global food systems, and the pivotal role of sustainable practices in shaping our future. Farming Systems: Delve into various farming systems, including organic farming, agroecology, permaculture, precision farming, and more. Understand how these systems adapt to local conditions while minimizing environmental impact. Sustainable Techniques: Learn about regenerative soil practices, integrated pest management, efficient water usage, and crop diversity. Discover how these techniques enhance resilience and promote long-term agricultural sustainability. Innovative Technologies: Explore the intersection of agriculture and technology. From drone-assisted monitoring to smart irrigation systems, see how modern innovations are revolutionizing sustainable farming. Case Studies: Gain insights from real-world case studies that showcase successful sustainable farming initiatives from around the globe. Understand the challenges faced and the lessons learned. Economic Viability: Discover the economic benefits of sustainable agriculture, from reduced input costs to increased market demand for eco-friendly produce. Learn how sustainable practices can be both environmentally and economically rewarding. Food Security: Uncover the role of sustainable agriculture in ensuring global food security. Explore strategies for balancing production with distribution and consumption needs. Policy and Advocacy: Understand the policy landscape surrounding agriculture and sustainability. Learn how individuals and communities can advocate for and contribute to positive change. Practical Guidance: Whether you're a small-scale farmer or part of a large agricultural operation, find actionable steps and best practices for transitioning towards sustainable methods. "Harvesting Sustainability" is a comprehensive handbook that bridges the gap between theory and practice in the realm of sustainable agriculture. Written by experts in the field, this book is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to be a steward of the land, protect biodiversity, and secure a resilient future for generations to come. Join the movement towards sustainable agriculture and cultivate a more sustainable tomorrow. Embark on a journey to transform agriculture from a resource-depleting industry to a regenerative force with "Harvesting Sustainability." Order your copy today and sow the seeds of change for a better world. Book dedicated to Indian & World agricultural reform and entrepreneurial study with research study purposes.
The tribal areas of central and eastern India have been under the intractable shadow of left-wing extremism in recent years, fuelling a serious internal crisis in the country. While the clashes between the Maoists and the State have been highlighted by the media, academics and others, the situation of the people caught between the crossfire has often been overlooked. Kindling of an Insurrection provides a gripping account of the lives of people in the conflict-affected district of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal as experienced by a District Collector. By focusing on the plight of the people of Junglemahals — the term for the forested areas of the region — the author draws attention to the harsh living conditions, unstable occupations and almost non-existent education, highlighting the people’s lack of access to developmental schemes implemented by the government and non-governmental organisations. Based on extensive tour notes, the narrative attempts a subtle balance between a personal diary and official documentation, bringing to fore complexities, challenges and dynamics of the ground reality as also the administrative work carried out in the region. Accompanied by photographs, this book offers a rare chronicle of life in rural West Bengal, exposing the roots of the alienation of marginalised tribal communities, and the circumstances leading to the rise of an insurrection within the nation’s heartland. Authoritative and lucid, the book will be indispensable for scholars and researchers in the areas of public administration, social work, development studies, social anthropology and politics. It will also prove useful to policy makers, journalists and the general reader interested in West Bengal and left-wing extremism.
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