Common misconceptions underlie many fears about what causes cancer. Misconceptions about the Causes of Cancer examines the scientific evidence from studies in humans, animal cancer tests, exposures to naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals, and methods used to evaluate and regulate cancer risks. Those wishing to disentangle facts from hype will read about the science showing that: Cancer rates are not soaring in the United States and Canada. Synthetic chemicals at levels found in the environment have not been shown to be an important cause of cancer. Reducing pesticide residues is not an effective way to prevent cancer. Human exposures to potential cancer hazards are not primarily to synthetic chemicals. The toxicology of synthetic chemicals is not different from that of natural chemicals, and natural chemicals make up 99.9% of chemical exposure. High-dose animal cancer tests do not provide enough information to assess human cancer risks at the usual levels of exposure. Pesticides and other synthetic chemicals are not likely to be disrupting hormones. Current regulatory policy of low, hypothetical risks is not effective in advancing public health. Book jacket.
This report offers a comprehensive overview of the developments in the European insurance market over the last decade. It also examines the regulatory initiatives undertaken by the relevant international organizations (IAIS, IAA IASB) in order to develop a global risk-sensitive solvency regime for insurance companies. The authors focus in particular on the ongoing developments of the new European solvency regime (known as Solvency II) and the issues addressed by the proposed EU directives on insurance groups and conglomerates.
What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation.
Controversies and scepticism surrounding vaccinations, though not new, have increasingly come to the fore as more individuals decide not to inoculate themselves or their children for cultural, religious, or other reasons. Their personal decisions put the rights of the individual on a collision course with public and community safety. Public Health in the Age of Anxiety enhances both the public and scholarly understanding of the motivations behind vaccine hesitancy in Canada. The volume brings into conversation people working within such fields as philosophy, medicine, epidemiology, history, nursing, anthropology, public policy, and religious studies. The contributors critically analyse issues surrounding vaccine safety, the arguments against vaccines, the scale of anti-vaccination sentiment, public dissemination of medical research, and the effect of private beliefs on individual decision-making and public health. These essays model and encourage the type of productive engagement that is necessary to clarify the value of vaccines and reduce the tension between pro and anti-vaccination groups.
The health and wellness of Australian communities determines the quality of life that its members enjoy, and in turn, their ability to be productive participants in their communities and the labour force. A high quality healthcare system is therefore a cornerstone of Australians social and economic prosperity.
This book presents pioneering research that is designed to show, from a qualitative and ethnographic perspective, how new information and communication technologies, as applied to the school system and to local governance initiatives, merely reproduce traditional pedagogical approaches and the dominant forms by which power is exercised at the local level. The studies thus constitute points of departure for further thinking about the need to promote an Internet culture based on the social application of a OC right to communication and cultureOCO and an OC Internet right, OCO that will permit the establishment of true citizen participation and free access to knowledge, with due regard to personal and individual rights such as those of privacy and intimacy.
This volume offers a systematic account of the effects of globalization on the shipping industry and seafarers' lives. The seafarers' labor market is changing rapidly and this study discusses the challenges encountered in recruitment practices, trade unions, and collective bargaining, as well as training, certification, and fraudulent certification. Wages, contracts, and tours of duty are also investigated, and the book includes in-depth treatment of seafarer safety and hazard exposure. Innovations such as automated engine rooms and the global maritime distress and safety system, the internationalization of ship registrations, multinational crewing and reductions in crewing levels, and the rise in ship management companies have had a profound effect on seafarers' living and working conditions. This perceptive book examines these and future issues for regulation and enforcement.
Discusses the current global financial crisis with views from experts in finance. The report hopes to contribute to analysis of the crisis, its implications for ASEAN and what ASEAN can do about it.
This book deals with the main weaknesses of the EU's finances and tries to explain their originating factors. It also identifies three reforms which seem to be a precondition for progress.
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