With the myriad of challenges facing the modern world and the responsibility to urgently address these issues, research centers have an increasingly important role to play. In general, research centers are specialized institutions that rely on the professional and intellectual expertise of academics in the proposal and setting of policies. Hence, these institutions are the driving forces that reap such expertise for decision makers in the name of public service. As highlighted in this volume, modern governments must therefore seek to recruit the top specialists in order to proficiently and accurately assess the options and situations at hand and to formulate policies accordingly. This collection of scholarly papers provides a comprehensive overview of some of the issues surrounding the functions of research centers in the current world. One of these is how research centers can assist Gulf countries in promoting security in the region. With the continued threats of terrorism, sectarianism and counterinsurgency, the book suggests how these issues can be analyzed, in order to better understand their intricate nature, and then be countered through balanced efforts that ensure that these endeavors do not aggravate the problems. The book also examines the work of research centers in various countries and their invaluable efforts to inform decision makers and grasp the agendas, challenges and fundamental aspects of an issue at hand, while addressing geopolitical issues and uncovering the most pertinent data amidst an influx of information. Finally, the book looks at the present and future of research centers in Arab countries, and suggests methods of work to rid the negative image of the future in the Arab mind, while helping reform the education, scientific research and the academic systems.
With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.
This book makes an extraordinary contribution to broadening and deepening understanding of the complex range of relations in modern peacekeeping operations, including interactions between national contingents and their respective chains of command and their relations with other contingents in the field, as well as with regional authorities, scores of NGOs, and the Its findings help to identify ""points of tension"" in peacekeeping operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where, for the first time, contingents from more than 35 countries had to cooperate, each of which had their own, quite different, This volume provides both descriptive and analytical insights based upon these experiences that are applicable to contemporary international peacekeeping operations all over the world. J. Callgahan, H. Born, T. op den Buijs, Ad Vogelaar, E. Johansson, B. Boene, J. Y. Yanakiev, I. A.Razumtsev.
Despite progress in a number of areas, the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are unlikely to be met unless major policy changes occur. This yearís conversion survey advocates new approaches towards states in conflict and governments which fail to provide their citizens with basic security/welfare, arguing at the same time that high military spending detracts from the agreed goal of increasing overseas development aid. Such incontestable links between security and development hover in the background of the survey. While much lip-service is paid to the interdependence of the two, this seldom translates into integrated policies. Although the MDGs provide a powerful vision, what is still lacking is an added perspective aimed at improving peopleís security by enhancing conflict prevention, post-conflict peacebuilding, and conversion. BICC analyzes global trends and developments over the last year by examining three issue areas: arms and resources; the conversion-related aspects of peacebuilding; and the link between natural resources and conflict. Three topical chapters subsequently explore certain aspects of conversion in more detail: how privatization is increasingly permeating the military sphere; options for implementing disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, especially DDR without camps; and two prominent cases of security sector reform (SSR), Afghanistan and Iraq.
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