Catherine McDowell presents a detailed and insightful analysis of the creation of adam in Gen 2:5–3:24 in light of the Mesopotamian mīs pî pīt pî (“washing of the mouth, opening of the mouth”) and the Egyptian wpt-r (opening of the mouth) rituals for the creation of a divine image. Parallels between the mouth washing and opening rituals and the Eden story suggest that the biblical author was comparing and contrasting human creation with the ritual creation, animation, and installation of a cult statue in order to redefine ṣelem ʾelohîm as a human being—the living likeness of God tending and serving in the sacred garden. McDowell also considers the explicit image and likeness language in Gen 1:26–27. Drawing from biblical and extrabiblical texts, she demonstrates that ṣelem and demût define the divine-human relationship, first and foremost, in terms of kinship. To be created in the image and likeness of Elohim was to be, metaphorically speaking, God’s royal sons and daughters. While these royal qualities are explicit in Gen 1, McDowell persuasively argues that kinship is the primary metaphor Gen 1 uses to define humanity and its relationship to God. Further, she discusses critical issues, noting the problems inherent in the traditional views on the dating and authorship of Gen 1–3, and the relationship between the two creation accounts. Through a careful study of the tôledôt in Genesis, she demonstrates that Gen 2:4 serves as both a hinge and a “telescope”: the creation of humanity in Gen 2:5–3:24 should be understood as a detailed account of the events of Day 6 in Gen 1. When Gen 1–3 are read together, as the final redactor intended, these texts redefine the divine-human relationship using three significant and theologically laden categories: kinship, kingship, and cult. Thus, they provide an important lens through which to view the relationship between God and humanity as presented in the rest of the Bible.
Why study biblical languages? The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew: Discovering the Richness of the Bible in Its Original Languages is written to convince you that it’s worth it! Professors Catherine L. McDowell and Philip H. Towner have spent years opening the eyes of students to the riches that await those who study Hebrew and Greek, and they invite you to listen in. This book is designed for people who have never studied the biblical languages—everything is in English or English script, and everything is clearly explained. The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew contains a number of case studies—some from the Hebrew Bible and some from the New Testament—that demonstrate the kind of accuracy and insight that await those who study the biblical languages. Each case study is accompanied by a testimonial from a student whose understanding of the Bible has been enriched by studying Greek or Hebrew. With encouragements from Christian scholars and pastors sprinkled throughout, The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew gives you a taste of what awaits the student of biblical languages and encourages you to take the plunge. About the Authors Dr. Catherine McDowell is Associate Professor of Old Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in Charlotte, North Carolina. She previously taught Old Testament at Wheaton College in Illinois. Dr. McDowell is the author ofThe Image of God in the Garden of Eden (Eisenbrauns) and the study notes for 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, and 1-2 Chronicles in the ESV Archaeological Study Bible (Crossway). She is in the process of founding a new seminary in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti that will have a significant emphasis on biblical languages and original language exegesis. The Rev’d Dr Philip H. Towner is a professor at Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome, where he teaches translation studies, and a visiting professor of NT exegesis and translation at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome. He is an Episcopal priest in the New York Diocese. As the former Dean and Director of the Eugene A. Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship at American Bible Society in New York City, he was co-director of the Nida School of Translation Studies, based in Misano Adriatco, Italy, and served as the Director of Translation Services of the United Bible Societies. He is the author and editor of several books and numerous articles in the fields of biblical studies and translation studies. When not in Rome, he lives in Hoboken, NJ.
Why study biblical languages? The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew: Discovering the Richness of the Bible in Its Original Languages is written to convince you that it’s worth it! Professors Catherine L. McDowell and Philip H. Towner have spent years opening the eyes of students to the riches that await those who study Hebrew and Greek, and they invite you to listen in. This book is designed for people who have never studied the biblical languages—everything is in English or English script, and everything is clearly explained. The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew contains a number of case studies—some from the Hebrew Bible and some from the New Testament—that demonstrate the kind of accuracy and insight that await those who study the biblical languages. Each case study is accompanied by a testimonial from a student whose understanding of the Bible has been enriched by studying Greek or Hebrew. With encouragements from Christian scholars and pastors sprinkled throughout, The Rewards of Learning Greek and Hebrew gives you a taste of what awaits the student of biblical languages and encourages you to take the plunge. About the Authors Dr. Catherine McDowell is Associate Professor of Old Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in Charlotte, North Carolina. She previously taught Old Testament at Wheaton College in Illinois. Dr. McDowell is the author ofThe Image of God in the Garden of Eden (Eisenbrauns) and the study notes for 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, and 1-2 Chronicles in the ESV Archaeological Study Bible (Crossway). She is in the process of founding a new seminary in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti that will have a significant emphasis on biblical languages and original language exegesis. The Rev’d Dr Philip H. Towner is a professor at Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome, where he teaches translation studies, and a visiting professor of NT exegesis and translation at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome. He is an Episcopal priest in the New York Diocese. As the former Dean and Director of the Eugene A. Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship at American Bible Society in New York City, he was co-director of the Nida School of Translation Studies, based in Misano Adriatco, Italy, and served as the Director of Translation Services of the United Bible Societies. He is the author and editor of several books and numerous articles in the fields of biblical studies and translation studies. When not in Rome, he lives in Hoboken, NJ.
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