Caroline Varin's Books

Boko Haram and the War on Terror

By: Caroline Varin

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Boko Haram and the War on Terror

By: Caroline Varin

A comprehensive analysis of the rise of Boko Haram from a small religious cult to a major terrorist group, placing them within the context of Nigerian politics and the international War on Terror. In 2009, Nigerian security forces stormed a religious cult by the name of Boko Haram, killing its leader and thousands of followers. Six years later, Boko Haram is an enemy to reckon with, boasting 15,000 members and taking credit for 20,000 deaths. This book looks at the successful rise of this terrorist group, probing the religious and political environment that enabled a relatively small cult to threaten a nation. The study draws on the author's fieldwork in Nigeria, where she had access to officials, activists, psychologists, and military personnel. Written in a clear and accessible manner, it offers a micro-to-macro investigation of the Boko Haram as a phenomenon. It also provides readers with an understanding of the regional dynamics that obstructed political and military cooperation among neighboring countries, enabling Boko Haram's success. This book traces the group's religious origins in the early 2000s and documents its violent political claims in Nigeria and across the border in Northern Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. Finally, it examines the impact of the international War on Terror and presents a comparative study of other contemporary terrorism movements and their networks.

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Page Count

239

Publisher

Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published Date

ISBN 13

9798216055044

Mercenaries, Hybrid Armies and National Security

Private Soldiers and the State in the 21st Century

By: Caroline Varin

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Mercenaries, Hybrid Armies and National Security

Private Soldiers and the State in the 21st Century

By: Caroline Varin

This book assesses the use of ‘mercenaries’ by states, and their integration into the national armed forces as part of a new hybridisation trend of contemporary armies. Governments, especially in the West, are undertaking an unprecedented wave of demilitarisation and military budget cuts. Simultaneously, these same governments are increasingly opening their armies up to foreign nationals and outsourcing military operations to private companies. This book explores the impact of this hybridisation on the values, cohesion and effectiveness of the armed forces by comparing and contrasting the experiences of the French Foreign Legion, private military companies in Angola, and the merging of private contractors and American troops in Iraq. Examining the employment of foreign citizens and private security companies as military forces and tools of foreign policy, and their subsequent impact on the national armed forces, the book investigates whether the difficulties of coordinating soldiers of various nationalities and allegiances within public-private joint military operations undermines the legitimacy of the state. Furthermore, the author questions whether this trend for outsourcing security can realistically provide a long term and positive contribution to national security. This book will be of much interest to students of private military companies, strategic studies, international security and IR in general.

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Page Count

221

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317674774

ISBN 13

9781317674771

CRQs for the Final FRCA

By: Caroline Whymark,Ross Junkin,Judith Ramsey

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CRQs for the Final FRCA

By: Caroline Whymark,Ross Junkin,Judith Ramsey

An essential exam preparation workbook, CRQs for the Final FRCA is dedicated to helping candidates pass this new assessment type for the Final FRCA Written Paper first time. Focusing solely on the Constructed Response Question (CRQ), the book is organised into six practice papers each comprised of 12 CRQs, reflecting the real exam. Each question has been carefully laid out, clearly identifying the weighting of each part of the question and with appropriate space to write your answer. Covering a breadth of topics, the book represents the full spectrum of the Final FRCA curriculum. Appendices indicate which aspects of the curriculum and units of training have been addressed in each practice paper to help you structure your revision efficiently. Written by a team of consultant anaesthetists and active educators, detailed model answers are based on years of clinical experience, best practice guidelines, and supported by further reading and evidence base. Many acceptable answers are listed (more than the candidate is required to give), enriching your revision experience and ensuring that you can mark your answers accurately. This invaluable resource also includes advice on CRQ technique, making this the only guide candidates need to pass CRQs in the Final FRCA Written Paper.

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Page Count

368

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0192590804

ISBN 13

9780192590800

Political Belief in France, 1927-1945

Gender, Empire, and Fascism in the Croix de Feu and Parti Social Francais

By: Caroline Campbell

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Political Belief in France, 1927-1945

Gender, Empire, and Fascism in the Croix de Feu and Parti Social Francais

By: Caroline Campbell

In the inter war era, the rise of the largest political movement in modern French history, the powerful Croix de Feu (1927–1936), and its successor, the Parti Social Français, or PSF (1936–1945), led to a sharp rightward turn in France’s political culture. Political Belief in France, 1927–1945 traces the central role of women in this shift, arguing that they transformed the Croix de Feu/PSF from a paramilitary league for veterans into a social reform movement that sought to remake the politics, society, and culture of the French Republic. Following the creation of a Women’s Section in 1934, the women of the Croix de Feu/PSF developed a wide array of social programs, including welfare services, youth development, and health-care initiatives. At a time of economic depression and high unemployment, these popular programs tempered the organization’s fearsome reputation as a violent paramilitary group. While the efforts of the Women’s Section had the veneer of moderation, they accentuated the long-standing conservative image of France as a deeply Christian society and sought to assimilate people of different ethnoreligious backgrounds into the dominant national community. Croix de Feu/PSF women promoted their socialagenda as a religious and patriotic duty, a reflection of the individual’s responsibility to make personal sacrifices on behalf of their vision for France’s Christian civilization. The Croix de Feu/PSF’s ethnoreligious nationalism circulated throughout the French imperial nation-state, making the movement the premier defender of an empire at the height of its power. But women in North African branches faced substantial marginalization, and the movement remained dangerously sectarian in the Maghreb, driving indigenous activists from reformism to anticolonialism. The Croix de Feu/PSF thus set the stage for both the authoritarian, anti-Semitic Vichy regime and the decolonization that followed the war. The first book on women of the French far right in the age of fascism, Political Belief in France, 1927–1945 contributes to the fields of French history, gender studies, the history of fascism, and the history of empire.

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