Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Research on dominance (control) versus submissiveness (agency) dimension of social relationships in organizations illustrate that most of the individuals prefer coordinating with each other when one of these individuals is dominant while the other is submissive in a task-oriented context. On that note, it is surprising that submissive individuals prefer working with dominant partners compared to submissive partners. A dominant individual in a task-oriented context directs submissive individuals hence assisting groups to achieve their goals. Power is, therefore, the core dimension of hierarchical differentiation. Research shows that hierarchical rank in any organization predicts motivational, cognitive, and behavioral variables such as job satisfaction and goal setting. However, the way power holders including managers make decisions, approach goals, and how they process information helps them increase their domination over colleagues and control over resources. It is, therefore, important to understand how dominion by managers affects task performance.
Project Report from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive psychobiography of Hillary Clinton. She is one of the America’s most influential women and she has excelled both in politics and her legal career. Hillary Clinton was born on October 26, 1947 in Chicago. She was the first born of Dorothy Emma Rodham and Hugh Ellsworth Rodham, a Methodist family. Hillary was the eldest sibling of this couple and her other two siblings are Anthony Rodham and Hugh E. Rodham, Jr. She grew up in Illinois since the age of three after her parents relocated from Chicago. After completing her high school in 1965, Hillary enrolled at the Wellesley College to pursue political science. She then joined Yale Law School in 1970 where she got her Juris Doctor degree in 1973. In 1975, Hillary got married to Bill Clinton at the age of 27 years. Thereafter, she bore Chelsea Victoria Clinton in 1980, the only daughter for this couple. She became the United States’ First Lady after the election of Bill Clinton as the US president in 1993. Since then, she has served in various high political positions until recently when attempted to become the first US woman president, but she lost to President Donald Trump. This analysis employs the Five Factor Model, the Myers-Briggs theory and the psychoanalytic theory to describe Hillary Clinton’s psychobiography.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: After the end of the Cold War, the American policymakers embarked on the creation of a new United States grand strategy, even though they substantially failed in this endeavour. The main reasons behind this failure may be attributed to the challenges posed by domestic as well as international circumstances, coupled with conceptual limitations. Notably, though there remained some basic agreement on US foreign policy between the mainstream forces in the Republican and Democratic parties, it remains evident that the administrations of Clinton and Bush placed varied emphasis at distinct times on varied nations, regions, international issues and organizations, and even on missile defence. Initially, the Republicans extensively criticized Clinton for paying too much attention to China and Russia at the traditional allies’ expense including South Korea and Japan. However, just after a few months in office, especially after the 9/11 incidence, Bush, who had largely neglected China and Russia, came to recognize the significance of good relations of these two nations. Arguably, there was minimal variance in significance that was attached to the G8. As a result, these two Presidents-Clinton and Bush seemed to enjoy this yearly constrained session of the leading industrial nations in the world. Remarkably, this essay will trace the efforts geared at formulating strategies or policy priorities in the administrations of Bill Clinton and those of George H. W. Bush, alongside analysing their shortcomings.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This essay will focus on the use of BSC in the hospitality industry, and our case study the Hilton Hotels worldwide. The essay will show how BSC has been used in Hilton Hotel to measure the company performance. It will also discuss how the management compensation plan has been linked with the BSC. The increase in competition in the hospitality industry for instance, in the hotel sector has attracted interest in quality improvement and implementation of performance measurement systems in these organizations so as to achieve a competitive advantage in the global market. A good example of the performance measurement system is the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to translate the strategic goals of the company for instance, research and development into performance measures. Continuous quality improvement in the hospitality industry is essential and it has been used by managers to measure their performance in four different perspectives, customer, financial, internal business process, and learning and innovation. BSC is important to managers because it helps them achieve their strategic goals in one area without having to hurt the other area. On that note, BSC has been used by managers to overcome strategic management problems because BSC is strategy-driven hence important in the implementation of a business strategy.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: September 11, 2001 remains an historic phenomenon in the history of the United States, as well as the whole world. In retrospect, the 9/11 terrorists’ attack on Pentagon and the World Trade Center changed the perception on terrorism and national security. In the pre-9/11, the aspect of homeland defense did not receive immense attention from a majority of people, and even some security agencies. Grannis (2002) reaffirms this aspect by stating that approaches to counter terrorism were relatively missing. Only few government officials, think tank experts and academia showed interest in programs that focused on maintaining sustainability on domestic preparedness. Consequently, the U.S. Government in entirety did not consider domestic preparedness as one of the key priorities. However, the unprecedented terrorists’ attack by the nineteen hijackers in New York and Washington, as well as the subsequent biological attack, raised concerns on instruments of national power including intelligence, diplomacy and law enforcement. Prior to the attacks, al-Qaida’s were training thousands of terrorist recruits in Afghanistan under Iraq’s sponsorship, yet such aspects that threatened international security received little attention from the global security agencies. As such, it is apparent that sustainability on both domestic and international preparedness encompassed several challenges. In contrast, this aspect has changed in the post-9/11 in which the U.S. spending on homeland security has been increasing every year since 2001. However, the exclusive focus on counterterrorism approaches, in order to avert other terrorist attacks seems to have diverged the focus to domestic preparedness. It is explicit that the current security climate is characterized by extensive national security programs with a decreased focus on dual-use and all-hazard approaches to domestic preparedness. This presents a significant post-9/11 sustainability challenge. Therefore, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis on post-9/11 sustainability challenges and present appropriate recommendations.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Sociology - Politics, Majorities, Minorities, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: It appears that race and social status interact in a synergistic manner in defining poverty in the United States. Social status has always been associated with poverty in which some populations in different geographical regions, in the US are characterized by poverty owing to their socioeconomic status. However, political issues have also been found to be among the most contributing factors. Ordinarily, African American people who have always been accorded the second-class status reflect poverty trends, which are attributable to the experiences during slavery. This explains why some US states comprise of high percentages of people living below the poverty-line. In general, the population living in poverty accounts for 14.3 percent of the total US population. However, it is worth noting that, some states records poverty rates as high as 48 percent. For instance, Mississippi State records the highest poverty level in the US. From a sociological perspective, the issue of race and social status can be explained by the situation in the Mississippi Delta where most African Americans live in poverty. Therefore, this paper will explain how race and social status combine to define the lives of people living in poverty by discussing poverty in the Mississippi Delta.
Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive argument against the proposal for the privatization of social security. Privatization of social security seems to have created an unprecedented debate in the past decade. This is attributable to the conflict of ideas between the critics of moving social security into private accounts and supporters of the proposal. From an economic perspective, the proposal to move social security into private account is believed to have been suggested, in order to prevent financial shortfalls in the future as it was the case in 1980s when financial difficulties were experienced. Historically, social security was created in 1935 through the Social Security Act, which was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This was meant establish a social insurance system that would protect workers and their families from catastrophic financial losses owing to retirement, disability or death. Since its inception, the US social security program provides monthly income benefits to workers who are under the social security system. As such, it ensures that workers and their families are protected against wage loss. For instance, in 2009, 69% of social security benefits were offered to retired workers, as well as their families, whereas disabled workers and survivors of the deceased workers received 18% and 13% of social security benefits, respectively. Currently, most Americans rely on social security program as the main retirement plan, and this phenomenon has raised concerns on its sustainability in the future. It is projected that over forty million Americans will attain their retirement age between 2010 and 2040. This implies that the social security will become one of the greatest single expenditures of the federal budget. This is probably why proponents of the proposal for moving social security to private accounts maintain that privatization will address insolvency in the future. Despite the benefits associated with the privatization of social security, there are numerous disadvantages which will create problems to the beneficiaries of the social security program.
Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Caring for persons in need is an old-age practice. This implies that the precepts of human services date as old as human history. In the United States, the field of human services has become one of the most principal fields. This field has experienced an immense evolution since its origins to present and this is attributable to political approaches and organizational influence. It is apparent that philosophical and ideological perspectives have defined the human services field throughout history. Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive discussion of the most relevant aspects of human services.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Senator Robert Wagner in support for the National Labor Relations Act argued that “democracy cannot function only in polling booth, but in extension to workplaces where men and women earn their daily bread”. Senator Robert’s statement summarizes the need for to labor laws and practices that do not only favor the employers but as well the employees. Americans workers understood this since the founding of the nation. They have been in constant fights to have their rights since then. This research paper traces the evolution of American laws and practices to the present.
Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1.3, , language: English, abstract: It is apparent that countries exhibit differences in wealth. This is some nations are considered as rich, whereas other are said to be poor. From an economic lens, it seems easier for someone to distinguish rich countries from poor ones based on the quantity of resources that are available to a given society. However, it is relatively difficult to identify in-depth information about income distribution among social groups, resources utilization and the trends of production and consumption within a given country or region (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2012). These parameters can only be determined through the use of a ‘development gauge.’ Therefore, this paper will provide a precise description of ‘development’ and attempt to explain why Africa has lagged behind other continents and regions in development.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: Gentrification involves urban development in which the wealthier class displaces the low and middle classes. This displacement is driven by increased property values and high cost of housing. In most cases, gentrification process in a given community, primarily an urban community, is manifested by a significant decrease of average family sizes and an increase of average income. Some of the benefits of gentrification include expansion of businesses, economic development and reduced crime rates. It is also associated with negative consequences such as population displacement, loss of social diversity and homelessness. However, there are management strategies which can address these challenges including rent control, zoning ordinances and community land trusts.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Educational expansion is usually given paramount consideration in the modern society. It is the dream of every parent to ensure his child acquires higher education. This desire has led to an immense expansion higher education in the United States over the twentieth century. It is explicit that higher education bears a wide range of benefits to individuals, as well as the government. Foremost, individuals with higher education benefit from what is referred to as positive selection. A utility maximization paradigm based on economic factors holds that attainment of higher education corresponds to high economic returns. The precepts of the positive selection hypothesis as described by Heckman, Urzua & Vytlacil (2006) hold that those who acquire higher education benefit most from it. As such, it is apparent that higher education has economic and social benefits. For instance, college graduates receive better remuneration than their counterparts with a high school diploma. It is also true that higher education attracts a high social esteem in the modern society. Despite these benefits, higher education has negative aspects too. Therefore, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive discussion of the negative aspects of higher education.
Document from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Industrial Economics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: In 2012, CNN broadcasted an analysis on how diamonds fuel conflicts in Africa. The story rose out of the trial of Charles Taylor, a former President of Liberia, at the International Court for crimes against humanity committed in Sierra Leone. The civil war in Sierra Leone was funded by the proceeds from the illegal sales of the alluvial diamonds found in Sierra Leone. The abundant natural resource was used to kill and main the people it should have benefited. The RUF rebel forces as well as the government forces committed horrendous atrocities against the people of Sierra Leone most of whom still live with the scars inflicted by the rebels. The gross human rights violation involved the amputations of arms, legs, noses and ears if the victim was suspected of corroborating with the government. The Liberian government was also culpable in the human rights violation for having supported the rebels with arms and logistics.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: September 11, 2001, a terrorist attack on the U.S cities occurred to the Americans and the world at large. This attack was regarded as one of the most disastrous failure of the U.S. intelligence, which caused 3,000 deaths. This failure was attributable to the unprecedented ineffectiveness of information sharing mechanisms. Therefore, this case study will give an evaluation of the effectiveness of information sharing regarding the 9/11 attack and the subsequent reforms.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Management of family held business presents enormous challenges, owing to the presence of conflicts among family members. This hinders progress of the business and cause family tension, which may lead to adverse consequences. In most cases, disputes over family businesses are addressed through litigation. However, courts do not provide opportunities for healing and reconciliation. If that is the case, then the principal question we should ask is ‘how can we prevent conflict among family members in a family held business using management approaches?’ To discuss these issues, two cases will be presented in which the impact of disputes among family members will be substantiated as reported by Ray Folberg. These cases are the case of real estate in the Silicon Valley and the case of seaside villa in southern California.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.4, , language: English, abstract: Personality tests or assessments have been noted to be a strong predictor of job performance, and in some cases, they play significant roles in job interviews. Furthermore, they can exhibit limited potential for adverse effects compared to cognitive ability tests. As a result, it is noteworthy noticing that the use of personality tests by organizations for personnel selection has become increasingly popular among different organizations. Indeed, a significant percentage of surveyed organizations, according to recent research, have been confirmed to be either using or considering the use personality tests for executive selection as well as development. Suitable validated personality tests remain to be attractive tools of selection since they aid in providing a data-based and non-subjective method that is used in the identification of high-potential workers who are capable of adapting a certain work environment. However, although the term personality test is used generically, some of the personality tests are not suitable for personnel selection; the suitable personality tests for selection purposes are the ones measuring traits while measures of psychological type should not be used. Thus, this essay aims at critically analyzing the importance of personality tests in the workplace.
Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Communications - Multimedia, Internet, New Technologies, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: The term net neutrality is elusive, partly because its meaning varies depending on the speaker and associated agenda. The general perception of the term is used to describe two distinct proposed regulation related to broadband Internet providers. One proposal suggests that regulators would and enforce some regulations that would determine acceptable network management practices, as well as unacceptable degradation of disfavored internet application and antecedent content. The other argument suggest that the regulators would ban an internet access provider from signing commercial agreements with some applications and content providers in order to provide sophisticated performance enhancement technology that is essential in the support of unusually performance-sensitive contents and applications, for example, the real-time streaming of videos. The two proposals are distinct but complement each other. Most net neutrality proponents advocate the anti-blocking rule as well as close regulation of business-to-business relations between networks and content providers. These proposals are likely to be the focus of telecommunication policy for some time to come. The proposals have got the attention of Congress, who already has some bills on the topic. The President has weighed in the debate with his demand that a strong form of regulation. The papers aim to examine the anti-trust implication on net neutrality regulations.
Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Didactics - Common Didactics, Educational Objectives, Methods, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Educational transition has led to the development of new approaches for the 21st Century education. The emergence of online learning in the 1990s seems to have changed the relevance of traditional education. This can be attributed to the current social change and technological development. Ordinarily, the principal reason for learning is to acquire intellectual knowledge, but the element of usefulness of the acquired knowledge has become the key determinant of the mode of learning. Traditional and online education exhibits varied characteristics, which are useful in elucidating their similarities and differences. Concisely, characteristics of online education imply that learners assume full responsibility in the learning process. On the other hand, traditional education is characterized with shared responsibility between learners and instructors. Similarities between online and traditional education can be outlined with regard to reference materials, assignments, exams and the role of instructors in the learning process. All curricula involve assignments and exams for evaluating the learners’ understanding of coursework and reference materials; either printed or electronic are intended to be used by students to extent their knowledge on different concepts. On the other hand, the two systems manifest differences in flexibility, interaction, communication, learning mode and skills development. Traditional education uses the classroom setup, whereas online learning is computer-based. In conclusion, traditional education holds high values over online education, especially with regard to the equivalency theory. Its high value is attributable to the face-to-face aspect, which enhances skills development among learners.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Sweatshops are regarded to as low-wage industries, which are concerned with cloth production and flower processing and, they are found in the principal cities. These industries are usually characterized by workforce exploitation, unsafe working conditions and arbitrary discipline. In addition, sweatshops restrict their workers membership to labor unions. In regard to the United States Department of labor, sweatshops are those garment factories, which violate two or more labor laws. In general, sweatshops are widespread in the world, especially in highly industrialized countries, which require intensive labor in production. However, it is worth noting that they are also found in some developing countries. Globally, most sweatshops are found in China, Latin America and Asia. In the United States, sweatshops have been identified to be scattered in some of the largest cities such as Chicago, New York and Los Angeles. Historically, sweatshops are believed to have emerged during the Industrial Revolution, in which middlemen introduced a subcontracting system to earn profit through exploiting workers. There was a characteristic margin between the total amount of the contract and the net amount paid to workers. In this system, workers worked under unsanitary conditions for excessive hours and yet they received low wages: thus, the characteristic marginal returns were said to be ‘sweated’. Recently, the issue of sweatshops, in the U.S emerged in 1995 when labor officials discovered slave-sweatshops in Los Angeles and Honduras, in which immigrants and young girls were forced to work for excessive hours, under unsanitary conditions. Consequently, Wal-Mart, Gap and Nike clothing industries were charged for using sweatshop labor. These incidences exposed the exploitation of workers, in the sweatshops leading an unprecedented outcry from the public. Therefore, this research will give a comprehensive overview of the sweatshops issue.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Law - Civil Action / Lawsuit Law, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: Freedom of speech appears to be one of the most fundamental rights of the U.S citizens. This provision is protected by the U.S Constitution through the First Amendment of the American Constitution; therefore, it guarantees the U.S citizens with freedom of expression. The amendment states, “Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech or of the press” (Germani par. 1). However, hate speech is regarded to as a legal crime because; it interferes with other provisions in the U.S Bill of Rights. As a result, there have been numerous enactments carried out by the U.S Legislature to protect the loyalty of the U.S citizens through expression. In regard to the First Amendment of the U.S Constitution, an individual can be convicted of hate speech crime in circumstances where one’s statements evoke violence. Moreover, statements, which constitute threats to other people or the Government, are regarded to as hate speech crime. However, conviction of an individual for crimes related to hate speech requires legal approaches to justify the individual’s breach of the law. Huhn states, “Even in cases where it is clear that a person is threatening violence.., the person may be criminally prosecuted only if the law in question is carefully drawn so that it applies only in appropriate cases”
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Texas has emerged to be one of the most competitive states in the United States, especially with regard to its economic status. As such, it has attracted an enormous number of people who are seeking employment opportunities. It has also become a preferable hub for business investors, owing to its economic prosperity. Currently, demographic reports indicate the population of Texas to have increased to about 25 million, by 2010, and this population is projected to reach the 55 million mark by 2050 (Biar par. 1). However, the state is currently facing numerous public policy challenges. Therefore, this research paper will provide a critical assessment of the issues facing Texas, especially with regard to the education, budget and energy policies.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: Quick Response Logistics is one of the most debated topics in logistics studies over the years because of its increasing role in reducing operational expenses. It is a supply chain management strategy that has been used by manufacturers, soft lines retailers, and general merchandise to minimize operating expenses, forced markdowns, and retail out-of-stocks all achieved by reduced response time. Most of the retailers and suppliers work together to respond quickly to the consumers needs as they are able to share point-of-scale scan data thus in a potential point to forecast the needs of their consumers now and in the future and more rapidly. Quick Response Logistics has proven advantageous in most of the industries across the globe for instance, in the apparel industries because they are able to achieve efficient consumer response. The concept of quick response logistics integrates inventory deployment, production scheduling, and demand management thus helping firms to make better use of the available information, inventory, and production resources for competitive advantage.
Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Over centuries, the U.S. foreign policy has been experiencing reforms to reflect the status of the nation’s international relations. These reforms have been instrumental to different administrations in the American history in addressing both domestic and international challenges. For instance, the emergence of the Cold War which created tension between the U.S. and its foes including Russia and the Soviet Union prompted Truman’s and Eisenhower’s administrations to adopt the containment policy, in order to counter Soviet aggression. This strategy enabled the U.S. to subvert political, military and economic consequences of Stalinism. Despite the numerous reforms that have been designed to redefine the U.S. foreign policy in accordance to its domestic and international interests, it is apparent that the country has not yet adopted an ‘all-inclusive’ foreign policy that advances its interests. In the current global order, numerous issues related to the U.S. foreign policy have emerged including the intensification of domestic and international challenges. These changes in the evolving global order seem to have placed the U.S. foreign policy in a state of drifting. Holmes & Inboden (2015) reaffirm that “America's standing in the world, and arguably its influence -- has diminished” (par. 6). This phenomenon can be explained by the current rifts between the United States and its continental allies which are characterized by the rise of anti-U.S. political regimes in Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America. This calls for appropriate measures which will redefine U.S. engagement with the international community as it is envisaged in the Obama’s Doctrine, the ‘Grand Strategy’ (Chadha & Muni, 2014). Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive overview on the U.S. foreign policy drift. It will discuss this phenomenon by focusing on the rifts between the United States and other countries which have compromised the effectiveness of the country’s foreign policy.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Over the years, climate change has been observed to be a global challenge that requires global intervention. Therefore, the analysis of the obligations that are created by climate change has nowadays focused on the global and intergenerational distribution of climate change risks and responsibility for these risks, leading to the emergence of diverse organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). IPCC is a United Nations body dealing with scientific as well as technical information provision on climate change, perceived impacts, and response options (an international body that assesses the science of climate change). The IPCC was officially constituted in November 1988, during its first meeting in Geneva, by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to provide policymakers with regular climate change scientific assessments, current and future risks, and options for mitigation and adaptations. IPCC is responsible in assessing and reviewing diverse pieces of technical as well as scientific literature concerning climate change, using these materials to surface critical assessment climate change reports. As a result, climate policy makers in the member states use these reports to come up with solutions and strategies on climate change. Significantly, this paper aims at assessing the connection between the IPCC’s values and interests, its advocacy positions and use of science, alongside outlining my view on the IPCC’s views.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Didactics - Common Didactics, Educational Objectives, Methods, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: A comparison of the education disparity in the United States of America and the unified education system in Finland helps to underscore the differences in learning outcomes in various countries. Although Finland is a smaller economy, its education system consistently puts the learning outcomes higher than the United States of America. The overall availability of quality schools programs tend to be well established in wealthy industrialized nations than in the more poor developing ones. However, there are large differences that distinguish even countries that are geographically near each other and operating at similar economic development. For instance, all children aged three years are enrolled in an education program in Finland and France compared with twenty-eight percent of Spanish and Portuguese preschool children. Even within the same nation, access to education is more prevalent in urban centres compared with the rural areas. It is only in the last few decades that systematic research begun to look at the linkages that exist between national policy, childhood education programs, and the outcomes of the children. There is widespread body of evidence that suggest that participation in a preschool program enhances cognitive development among children and prepares for success in their schooling.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1.5, , language: English, abstract: This research paper will provide a comprehensive overview of the causes of the Great Depression and explain why it lasted for so long. The Great Depression of 1929 was one of the most remarkable economic challenges in the United States of America that were experienced throughout the early 20th century. The effects of the Great Depression of 1929 were not felt in the United States of America alone, but also in the whole world. Before, the start of this economic crisis in 1929, economy of the United States of America had flourished increasingly to reach a stable status owing to the extensive international trade links that the U.S had established with overseas countries. Economists cite some economic problems in the economy of the U.S to be the principal causes of the Great Depression. Some of these causes include the World War I, the U.S economic policies and the operations of the Federal Reserve System.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: 2, , language: English, abstract: This essay takes a closer look at the development of different countries throughout history. Western Europe is the cradle of modern civilization, and most heating and lighting systems were developed out of the need for comfort in their households. Before the advent of buildings based on scientific research, house construction and design were based on traditions that went back many centuries, accumulated knowledge evolved into distinct house formations relative to the local climate. Where there were extreme outside, the people had to find means of creating and providing some comfort for the human beings within a reasonable range. During the cold seasons, it was necessary to find means of producing heat and retaining it. In the hot climates, it called for the removal of heat from the housing. In Italy and the countries near the Mediterranean, natural lighting was called for; thus, the buildings were constructed with low sun angles. Even with energy conserving features, the provision of appropriate cooling, heating, lighting, and adequate ventilation was difficult and time consuming for the homeowner. Thus, the principal aim of this paper is to discuss heating and lighting in the eighteenth-century European households.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Motivation refers to the encouragement given to employees in order to improve their performance or accomplish specified objectives. Motivation can also be defined the power that gives the route to behavior, strengthen or trigger the tendency to work hard (Manzoor, 2012). According to Manzoor (2012), motivation refers to forces within an individual that can affect his/her intensity, persistence of voluntary behavior and intensity. Direction refers to the path while the intensity is the amount of effort allocated towards achieving a certain goal. Motivation is also an internal drive exerted to satisfy an unsatisfied need. Lack of motivation is manifested by low productivity, low morale, and high incidences of absenteeism, a high number of accidents, tiredness and increasing number of defective products. Based on the above definitions, employees must be satisfactorily energetic with cut objectives. Effective motivation must stimulate both the psychological and physiological want for certain objectives. Motivation must be able to support goal-oriented behaviors. Various theories have been developed to explain motivation in an organization. For instance, the natural versus model tries to explain whether human cognition is related to natural forces such as needs, desires, drives or any kind of rationality.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Before 2000, Enron was famous in the business world. It was known as an innovative company, a technological powerhouse, and a major corporation with no fear. It was founded in 1985 as a natural gas pipeline company. The company emerged as a pioneer in the deregulated energy market rapidly, and within fifteen years, the enterprise had built various businesses in international energy-asset construction and energy trading. From1990 to1998, Enron’s stocks appreciated by three hundred and eleven percent; however, the value of the stocks began to increase rapidly such that, by the end of 2000, Enron stocks were priced at eighty-three dollars, with a market capitalization in excess of sixty billion dollars. The company was rated in the Fortune magazine surveys of the most admired companies as the most innovative company. It, however, surprised many people with its spectacular fall within a year, and its image damaged forever. Its stocks price plummeted almost to zero.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.3, , language: English, abstract: Human sustainability is a term that has been explained by many scholars interested in management. According to Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith (2012), human sustainability refers to different means of providing a high amount of food products together with beverages and improvement of healthy eating. Human sustainability enhances provision of support to people, in order to live healthier lives. In practice, the healthy living of people has a vital influence on the development and sustainability of an organization. This involves retention of human capital whereby health and nutrition of employees is promoted. It is clear that successful organizations maintain their human capital through helping the employees to adopt healthy living. Therefore, this essay seeks to explore the meaning of human sustainability theme as discussed by different authors. The essay also seeks to relate this theme with organizational change and sustainability through the application of appropriate change model and change approach.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1.3, , language: English, abstract: It is believed that the Portugal rule in Latin America, primarily Brazil, established sustainable social, political and economic structures which enabled Brazil to achieve regional prominence. In most colonies such as Guatemala which was ruled by the Spaniards, colonial administration caused social fragmentation of the indigenous communities because their political structures were based on social hierarchies. As a result, decolonization was characterized with poverty and social discrimination leading to ethnic tensions and perennial civil wars. In contrast, Portugal established a diverse version of administration in Brazil in which a centralized administration enhanced the unification of the colony. That, in turn, favored social and economic growth. It is believed that the monarchy republic contributed to Brazilian political sovereignty during the decolonization stage. Therefore, this paper will discuss the colonial benefits to Brazil which led to its decolonization stage. It will provide a comprehensive overview of Brazil’s expansion in the colonial era, political changes and economic advances towards decolonization. Brazil’s progress is attributable to its decolonization, which set altruistic economic and political systems. Its economic foundation is rooted to the colonial economy, whereas its political and social structure reflects exceptional autonomy from the other Latin American countries. It is believed that the Portugal colonization in Brazil opened the country to the international market for its economic expansion, leading to a rapid economic growth and development during the colonial era. Despite the favorable impact of Brazil’s decolonization which has propelled the country to great heights, especially in regard to the global economy, historical events, which occurred prior to the decolonization stage, had a significant impact to the country’s rapid growth and development.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.5, , language: English, abstract: Uber has disrupted the Australian Taxi industry by dominating the market because it is easy to access and it is also cheap compared to other transport services such as the taxis. This ride sharing business is well funded by the entrants hence challenging the taxi industry. The taxi drivers are concerned that Uber are not regulated (not bound by the same taxi regulatory structures) implying that they are able to compete in uneven playing field thus getting a competitive advantage over the taxi drivers. The taxi drivers argue that Uber drivers escape the regulatory costs hence making them illegal or unfair in the taxi industry. As a result, this ride sharing business is disrupting the taxi industry according to most of the incumbents in these industries.
Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: Monetary policy refers to operations of regulatory authorities or central banks aimed at formulating the size as well as the rate of growth of the money supply. Usually, each country establishes a statutory financial institution with legal mandates to develop monetary policy as well as formulating appropriate monetary implementation strategies. The major role of any monetary authority is to control the country’s money supply. The country’s monetary authority is in charge of promoting economic growth and stability. As such, it deals with interest rates matters with the principal objective of establishing stable commodity prices as well as maintaining low rates of unemployment. However, it is important to note that monetary policy is different from the fiscal policy. Monetary policy controls the country’s supply of money whereas fiscal policy deals with taxation, money borrowing as well as government expenditure .
Document from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Every organization works in a social framework with a definite purpose, and thus, it has to relate to a number of stakeholders. These stakeholders have various interests in the organization, and similarly the organization also has varying degree of interest in the different stakeholders. Ordinarily, the purpose of the organization defines its relationship with a stakeholder and such relationships are the reflections of its interests. Most organizations attach importance to its stakeholders based on the amount of gain the organization derives from the respective stakeholder or the liability the organization has to a particular stakeholder. Thus, business organizations attach utmost importance to stockholders, or the owners since these people are the investors in the firm and the company bears a liability of returning the profits to these people. On the other hand, customers also form an important stakeholder for business firms since they bring in revenue for the firm that helps it in fulfilling its liabilities and objectives. In reality, non-profit organizations have a different type of objective. They work for a cause; the stakeholders who are directly related to the cause form the most important stakeholders. For example, any organization, which works for education of poor children, defines all poor children it serves as its important stakeholder. The patrons who donate to such organization are also referred to as important since they provide the means for achieving the objectives of the organization. Therefore, this persuasive essay will provide a comprehensive discussion about the assertion that some stakeholders are more important than others.
Document from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: A secure, affordable and reliable energy supply remains to be highly significant to economic stability, as well as development in the world. Notably, the challenges posed by climate change and the elevating energy demands alongside the erosion of energy security of the developing societies have amounted to high challenges for energy policy makers. It is evident that the current global energy system sits at the nexus of different dilemmas, which include the development dilemma that refers to prosperity versus poverty, the industrialization dilemma of growth versus the environment and the trust dilemma referring to globalization versus security. Therefore, this paper describes the long-term forecast of energy supply and demand in the world, the future of the primary energy supply such as oil, gas, coal, nuclear and sustainable energy, alongside outlining the future of energy demands in the BRICs and OECD countries. Over the years, strains have always been evident in the global energy system, but nowadays, it has been noted that these tensions are becoming more severe. The modern energy system has several lethargies due to its complexity along with scale. Therefore, it is evident that the extensive timescales that are required for planning as well as constructing new energy infrastructure imply that the tensions within this system may not be resolved quickly or easily. In this sense, major changes in the global energy system are expected to be apparent after a significant number of years. Experts have described different scenarios to identify such changes, considering the plausible relationships between distinct possibilities and perspectives. Remarkably, these scenarios have helped in the preparation, shaping and thriving in a reality that is expected to unfold eventually. For example, the use of scramble and blueprint scenarios can be a major step in the development of the global energy system in fifty years to come, although they are both challenging outlooks.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: The paper will discuss the impact of new communication technology on unemployment and the increased gender inequality and women portrayal in the media. Currently, there is a renewed concern regarding the technological advancement that is feared that it may displace much of workforce and consequently create widespread unemployment, human hardship, and social disruption. Some economists have advanced the argument that government must act to avert the loss of jobs that are likely to be replaced by technology. Opposition to technology stems from a lack of understanding of the economic usefulness of technology. The contribution of technology to economic development can only be realized if the new technology is diffused and applied. Diffusion results from the individual’s decisions in exploitation of the new technology.
Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: The question, ‘Should men and women receive different monthly benefits because women live longer than men?’ requires a comprehensive answer. Therefore, this research paper will attempt to answer the question. In the past two decades, social security issues have been raising concern among the US population. Consequently, pension plans have changed remarkably to influence retirement benefits, especially with regard to gender. Ordinarily, employment patterns of men and women differ in several aspects. First of all, more men are in conventional employment compared to women. This implies that, men’s income is higher than that of women. In regard to saving money for retirement, men exhibit consistent saving plan, whereas women experience challenges in saving some income for their retirement. On the other hand, women have high social and health needs compared to men, especially in old age when they rely solely on monthly retirement benefits. It has been found out that some gender related inequalities subject women to financial consequences during their working life and even after retirement. However, the recent changes in the US pension plan from the traditional system to 401k plans seem to have placed women at the gaining end. In addition, policy changes in other retirement aspects such as access to healthcare and social care. For instance, the current healthcare reforms, precisely the Affordable Care Act has brought enormous benefits to women compared to men. Another aspect, which seems to influence compensation of retirees, is the life expectancy issue. It is obvious that, women experience long life expectancy than men. Despite all these inequalities between men and women, monthly benefits are provided equally, and this appears to be a significant bias in the compensation plan.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Central Asia has been experiencing immense instability in the last decades, and this situation seems to have advanced into a curse of stability. Currently, it is speculated that peace in the post-Soviet Central Asia has been tense. As a result, there is a high potential for bloodshed in the region, and this aspect can be evidenced by the events which occurred in Kyrgyzstan recently in 2010. It is believed that waves of lethal violence which were experienced in Kyrgyzstan have spread within the Central Asian region. This is so because elements of radicalism have emerged in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Historically, volatility is one of the principal reputations of Central Asia since 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed resulting into tense security situation in the region. Since then, Central Asian states have been characterized by violence, instability, destabilization and Islamic extremism. In addition, other nefarious aspects have been reported within the region leading to the emergence of the so-called ‘the Eurasian Balkans.’ It is observed that the state of perennial instability within Central Asia is attributable to the crumbling infrastructure, remittance economies and brutal dictatorship . In the past, political leadership in the region has been characterized with immense repression and corruption. As a result, citizens in the respective countries have been experiencing social injustice leading to radicalism and civil unrest. It appears that the events occurring within Central Asia may lead to state collapse given that all countries are faced with mass violence. For instance, Tajikistan is experiencing separatism, Kyrgyzstan succumb ethnic warfare and Uzbekistan battles repression and violent conflict that erupted in 2005. Therefore, instability in Central Asia is something that should be paid attention, in order to address the tortuous decline of the affected countries. In response to peace lapses in the region, issues such as radicalism, drug trafficking and outside influence require extensive evaluation to ascertain their role in regional instability. Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive overview on how radicalism, drug trafficking and outside influence may cause instability in Central Asia.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This paper looks into the effects the international trade has on the environment. Trade and environment is one of the most debated topics in management and economics studies over the years because of the increasing concerns on how international trade affects environment and vice versa. That said, the debate on trade and environment is not new, and it emerged in the early 1970s with concerns such as environmental protection, environmental policies on trade, and the impact on trade on environment. Most of the developed economies expressed interests on environmental degradation linked with the globalization process for instance, industrial pollution. In the 1980s, environmental concerns increased as more complex environmental issues were raised such as the climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer. Later in the 1990s, the sustainable development concept was introduced as trade liberalization and the globalization process accelerated. Several theories in support of international trade such as the economic theory has rendered the debate complex as the proponents of the economic theory argue that international trade is vital to economies because it results into a robust economic growth and also generates greater wellbeing of its citizens. That said, environmental policies and goals have been difficult to achieve during these debates. Diverse arguments exist about international trade with a few ecologists in favour of environmental protection as they argue that international trade has resulted into environmental depletion as the demand of world natural resources continue to increase. Of the two perspectives, there is an intermediate concept which has been proposed, the sustainable development which means that as international trade results into economic growth, this growth must be accompanied by environmental policies and strict environmental protection rules. Some of the defenders of sustainable development have supported free trade but with the inclusion of restrictions in multilateral negotiations so as to control the degradation of natural resources.
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