Caroline Mutuku's Books

The Role of Multinational Corporations in Shaping Economies

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Role of Multinational Corporations in Shaping Economies

By: Caroline Mutuku

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.4, , language: English, abstract: It seems most developing countries have realized the immense benefits associated with Multinational Corporations (MNC’s), especially with regard to the productivity of the firms in the host country. In the past decades, there has been an unprecedented debate over whether multinational corporations yield economic benefits to the host countries but, that argument appear to have varnished after a comprehensive evaluation of different elements of multinational corporations. Currently, most countries are attracting multinational corporations to reap the accrued benefits, especially through Foreign Direct Investment, which has proven to boost the host country’s economy through enhancing productivity. Some of the principal reasons as to why multinational corporations are considered beneficial to the host countries include technology transfer, creation of new job opportunities and the inflow of capital from the MNC’s parent company to its subsidiaries in the host country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is known to be one of the principal drivers of productivity in the host countries because it enhances technological transfer, which in turn yields enormous benefits to the host country and the parent company. In most cases, host countries access superior technology through technological spillovers and, this enhances the productivity of the local firms. Campos states, “In addition, host country firms may obtain other potential productivity spillovers that the presence of MNC could generate on suppliers and customer.” Concisely, there are different ways in which multinational corporations enhance productivity of the firms. Therefore, this research will give an overview on the impact of multinational corporations on productivity.

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3668731748

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9783668731745

The Magic of Motivation in Business Organizations

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Magic of Motivation in Business Organizations

By: Caroline Mutuku

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Motivation refers to the encouragement given to employees in order to improve their performance or accomplish specified objectives. Motivation can also be defined the power that gives the route to behavior, strengthen or trigger the tendency to work hard (Manzoor, 2012). According to Manzoor (2012), motivation refers to forces within an individual that can affect his/her intensity, persistence of voluntary behavior and intensity. Direction refers to the path while the intensity is the amount of effort allocated towards achieving a certain goal. Motivation is also an internal drive exerted to satisfy an unsatisfied need. Lack of motivation is manifested by low productivity, low morale, and high incidences of absenteeism, a high number of accidents, tiredness and increasing number of defective products. Based on the above definitions, employees must be satisfactorily energetic with cut objectives. Effective motivation must stimulate both the psychological and physiological want for certain objectives. Motivation must be able to support goal-oriented behaviors. Various theories have been developed to explain motivation in an organization. For instance, the natural versus model tries to explain whether human cognition is related to natural forces such as needs, desires, drives or any kind of rationality.

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ISBN 10

3668733112

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9783668733114

Lone Parents and Poverty

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Lone Parents and Poverty

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Over decades, it is evident that family structures have experienced a remarkable change, and they are still undergoing transient evolution. This phenomenon has been witnessed across Europe, as well as other parts of the world. However, it is worth noting that the massive changes in family structural characteristics have occurred at different timings, albeit with different reasons (European Commission, 2007). Of great consideration is lone parenthood which has been associated with a high risk of poverty. Lone parents are most likely to become poor due to various reasons. Evidence shows that the phenomenon of lone parenthood contributes to social exclusion in the society due to poverty. Rowlingson & Mckay (2014) remark that “lone parent families are poor families” (p. 32). This is one of the consequences of classism ideology. As a result, social exclusion has led to the failure of families to accomplish their core functions including child care and mentorship. In Europe, survey statistics show that 16.6 percent of lone parents are living in abject poverty compared to only 5.5 percent of the total European population. In total, there are 1.8 million lone parent families in the United Kingdom and 52 percent comprises of single mothers (European Commission, 2007). This implies that poverty among lone parent households is emerging as serious social and economic issue. European Commission (2007) observes that lone parent households are experiencing poverty and social exclusion, a situation if not addressed, may cause immense consequences including the transmission of poverty to upcoming generations within lone parent households. This implies that these poor children may grow to become socially excluded adults; thus increasing inequality in the society. Therefore, this research paper will provide a critical overview on lone parenthood and poverty.

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3668748667

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9783668748668

The Great Depression

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Great Depression

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1.5, , language: English, abstract: This research paper will provide a comprehensive overview of the causes of the Great Depression and explain why it lasted for so long. The Great Depression of 1929 was one of the most remarkable economic challenges in the United States of America that were experienced throughout the early 20th century. The effects of the Great Depression of 1929 were not felt in the United States of America alone, but also in the whole world. Before, the start of this economic crisis in 1929, economy of the United States of America had flourished increasingly to reach a stable status owing to the extensive international trade links that the U.S had established with overseas countries. Economists cite some economic problems in the economy of the U.S to be the principal causes of the Great Depression. Some of these causes include the World War I, the U.S economic policies and the operations of the Federal Reserve System.

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3668739595

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9783668739598

Sustainable development concepts throughout history

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Sustainable development concepts throughout history

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: 2, , language: English, abstract: This essay takes a closer look at the development of different countries throughout history. Western Europe is the cradle of modern civilization, and most heating and lighting systems were developed out of the need for comfort in their households. Before the advent of buildings based on scientific research, house construction and design were based on traditions that went back many centuries, accumulated knowledge evolved into distinct house formations relative to the local climate. Where there were extreme outside, the people had to find means of creating and providing some comfort for the human beings within a reasonable range. During the cold seasons, it was necessary to find means of producing heat and retaining it. In the hot climates, it called for the removal of heat from the housing. In Italy and the countries near the Mediterranean, natural lighting was called for; thus, the buildings were constructed with low sun angles. Even with energy conserving features, the provision of appropriate cooling, heating, lighting, and adequate ventilation was difficult and time consuming for the homeowner. Thus, the principal aim of this paper is to discuss heating and lighting in the eighteenth-century European households.

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ISBN 10

3668735778

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9783668735774

The Impact of new Communication Technology on Unemployment and the increased Gender Inequality

Media, Power and Ethics

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Impact of new Communication Technology on Unemployment and the increased Gender Inequality

Media, Power and Ethics

By: Caroline Mutuku

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Communications - Ethics in the Media, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Currently, there is a renewed concern regarding the technological advancement that is feared that it may displace much of workforce and consequently create widespread unemployment, human hardship, and social disruption. Some economists have advanced the argument that government must act to avert the loss of jobs that are likely to be replaced by technology. Opposition to technology stems from a lack of understanding of the economic usefulness of technology. The contribution of technology to economic development can only be realized if the new technology is diffused and applied. Diffusion results from the individual’s decisions in exploitation of the new technology. The paper will discuss the impact of new communication technology on unemployment and the increased gender inequality and women portrayal in the media.

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3668736960

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9783668736962

Existence of Sweatshops in America

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Existence of Sweatshops in America

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Sweatshops are regarded to as low-wage industries, which are concerned with cloth production and flower processing and, they are found in the principal cities. These industries are usually characterized by workforce exploitation, unsafe working conditions and arbitrary discipline. In addition, sweatshops restrict their workers membership to labor unions. In regard to the United States Department of labor, sweatshops are those garment factories, which violate two or more labor laws. In general, sweatshops are widespread in the world, especially in highly industrialized countries, which require intensive labor in production. However, it is worth noting that they are also found in some developing countries. Globally, most sweatshops are found in China, Latin America and Asia. In the United States, sweatshops have been identified to be scattered in some of the largest cities such as Chicago, New York and Los Angeles. Historically, sweatshops are believed to have emerged during the Industrial Revolution, in which middlemen introduced a subcontracting system to earn profit through exploiting workers. There was a characteristic margin between the total amount of the contract and the net amount paid to workers. In this system, workers worked under unsanitary conditions for excessive hours and yet they received low wages: thus, the characteristic marginal returns were said to be ‘sweated’. Recently, the issue of sweatshops, in the U.S emerged in 1995 when labor officials discovered slave-sweatshops in Los Angeles and Honduras, in which immigrants and young girls were forced to work for excessive hours, under unsanitary conditions. Consequently, Wal-Mart, Gap and Nike clothing industries were charged for using sweatshop labor. These incidences exposed the exploitation of workers, in the sweatshops leading an unprecedented outcry from the public. Therefore, this research will give a comprehensive overview of the sweatshops issue.

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3668724547

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9783668724549

The consequences of the revolution in Iran in the 1970s

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The consequences of the revolution in Iran in the 1970s

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Region: Far East, grade: 2, , language: English, abstract: This research will discuss different ways, in which the Islamic Government has turned the country’s social and economic status into unprecedented cascade. The Iranian revolution of 1979 was believed to be a turning point of the country’s struggle for freedom and economic prosperity. Historically, Iran had experienced a series of power transition, especially during the 19th Century. In the early 19th Century, there was a remarkable power shift, which was characterized by a substantial change of leadership styles and developmental strategies. One of the power transitions, which occurred, in the 19th Century was the siege of the Kajar dynasty by Reza Khan, in 1921. Reza Khan overthrew the Kajar dynasty because; he was dissatisfied with the developmental strategies adopted by the Iranian leader. Moreover, the Iranian political regime exercised unprecedented social injustices, especially under the Islamic law. Therefore, Reza overthrew the Kajar dynasty with the principal objective of igniting economic development and social transformation under the wave of western modernization and civilization.

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3668745358

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9783668745353

Attempts to Correct the US Embargo Against Cuba

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Attempts to Correct the US Embargo Against Cuba

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: For half a century now, Cuba has been facing an economic, financial, and commercial embargo imposed by the United States. When Cuba nationalized foreign property and businesses (nationalization of American-owned oil refineries in Cuba) in the 1960s, the Unites States government imposed an economic sanction against Cuba by stopping sugar cane imports from the country. Moreover, the scope of the sanction has widened over the years comprising of economic, financial, and commercial sanctions. In 1960, the US came up with a policy to isolate the island nation through a number of economic and financial sanctions such as the trade embargo and financial transactions, freezing of Cuba government assets in the US, and prohibition of financial transactions with Cuba. International forums including the UN General Assembly and the International Community have continuously condemned the ongoing embargo against Cuba because it violates international law such as the human rights. The various US administrations have made attempts to correct the Cuba embargo, for instance the Clinton Administration (1998), to enhance direct flights to Cuba, streamlining of commercial sale of medicine, equipment, and medical supplies to Cuba and resumption of cash remittances by the US nationals in order to support their relatives in Cuba. In 1999, the Bush administration further implemented policies intended to help Cuba people. An example is the broadening of cash remittances to ensure that all the US residents can send cash to Cuba and loosening travel bans for a number of traveler categories such as sports activities, religious, and professional researchers. The Bush administration, on the other hand, also tightened the sanctions by isolating Cuba through a number of economic sanctions.

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3668750750

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9783668750753

Leadership of Richard Branson as an Historical Entrepreneur

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Leadership of Richard Branson as an Historical Entrepreneur

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Richard Branson has emerged to be one of the 21st century historical entrepreneurs owing to his leadership style and personal characteristics. In the past twenty years, Richard Branson has realized remarkable recognition in the business world in which he has expanded his investment in an array of ventures. His interest in business developed long ago during his elementary education when he dropped out of school and established a mail-order business. Later on, he transformed his mail-order business into a record label, in 1970s. It is quite surprising to learn that Branson adopted reliable business leadership approaches in his business leading to a rapid expansion (Dearlove, 2007). It was during its initial successes that Branson owned record stores, which bore the Virgin Records brand. In 1980s and 1990s, Branson extended his business venture into airlines in which he established the Virgin Atlantic Airways. In addition, he expanded his business further when he established a Virgin record label in the US. Another significant advancement of Branson’s investment was the establishment of a space tourism company named Virgin Galactic. His intention for establishing this company was for reaching orbital trips around the world owing to the remarkable growth of global tourism (Walenius & Westerstål, 2010). Currently, Branson owns the Virgin Group which is valued at $5 billion. Virgin Group consists of over 200 different companies including cellular phone companies, airlines and record labels.

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3668732973

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9783668732971

Internet has Brought Forth a New More Egalitarian Economic System

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Internet has Brought Forth a New More Egalitarian Economic System

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Industrial Economics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Over the past few decades, internet has become the center of interest in virtually all aspects of mankind. Discovery of internet computer technology has currently emerged as the key factor of influence. It has brought a great change to human social nature, health and economics. In fact, internet technology has been adopted in all fields of economics due to its reliability and efficiency. As such, internet has gained a wide spread popularity at the moment. Some of the areas where internet has been applied effectively include: production of manufactured products, global trade and marketing through the so called e-commerce, Information Technology Management of many international corporations as well as local production companies, and social networking. In addition, internet has also been applied in other sectors which contribute significantly to the economy of any particular country. Healthcare is one of those sectors in which adoption of internet has led to great advancement with regard to quality service provision and efficient access to medical information by both patients as well as the concerned health professionals.

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3668755078

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9783668755079

International Trade Agreements and Agriculture

By: Caroline Mutuku

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International Trade Agreements and Agriculture

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: The Canadian economy relies heavily on international trade especially exports; thus, agriculture and agri-food sectors play significant roles in the growth and development of the Canadian economy. Remarkably, the Canadian agricultural industry has achieved a competitive edge in the regional and global markets. This phenomenon is attributable to a number of factors including strong trade partnerships, high-quality and safe agricultural products, and its geographic proximity to the United States. In the past four decades, agricultural productivity have increased significantly due to the development of large farms, increased food processing and well-established distribution firms. However, it is evident that international trade liberalization has boosted agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is apparent that free trade agreements bear significant benefits to the Canadian agricultural industry. Some of the major benefits of the free trade agreements to the Canadian agricultural industry are the increase of agricultural exports, tariff elimination, opening of new markets, expansion of the agricultural industry, and the creation of employment opportunities for Canadians in the agricultural sector. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on the benefits of free trade agreements on the Canadian Agricultural industry.

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3668745919

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9783668745919

Financial Disadvantages for Women after Divorce

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Financial Disadvantages for Women after Divorce

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.7, , language: English, abstract: Many divorced women face more financial difficulties than men. Often, women are making some lifestyle changes in order to supplement and secure their incomes after a divorce. Some may decide to work long hours or take a second job after divorce. Those who may not have had jobs before the divorce are likely to get one. Many divorced women experience some difficulties in getting employment, or remain trapped in low-wage jobs, and could end up doing two jobs in order to survive. While women experience a decline in their financial status after a divorce, it is evident that there is more to financial well-being than just financial income. Most women who experience financial decline are likely to feel poor; therefore, it is important to consider the factors that could mitigate the financial outcomes if the divorced women are to be assisted.

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3668749868

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9783668749863

Dynamics in the Human Services Demonstrates Multiculturalism in the United States

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Dynamics in the Human Services Demonstrates Multiculturalism in the United States

By: Caroline Mutuku

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Caring for persons in need is an old-age practice. This implies that the precepts of human services date as old as human history. In the United States, the field of human services has become one of the most principal fields. This field has experienced an immense evolution since its origins to present and this is attributable to political approaches and organizational influence. It is apparent that philosophical and ideological perspectives have defined the human services field throughout history. Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive discussion of the most relevant aspects of human services.

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3668745897

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9783668745896

Blood Diamonds in Africa

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Blood Diamonds in Africa

By: Caroline Mutuku

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Industrial Economics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: In 2012, CNN broadcasted an analysis on how diamonds fuel conflicts in Africa. The story rose out of the trial of Charles Taylor, a former President of Liberia, at the International Court for crimes against humanity committed in Sierra Leone. The civil war in Sierra Leone was funded by the proceeds from the illegal sales of the alluvial diamonds found in Sierra Leone. The abundant natural resource was used to kill and main the people it should have benefited. The RUF rebel forces as well as the government forces committed horrendous atrocities against the people of Sierra Leone most of whom still live with the scars inflicted by the rebels. The gross human rights violation involved the amputations of arms, legs, noses and ears if the victim was suspected of corroborating with the government. The Liberian government was also culpable in the human rights violation for having supported the rebels with arms and logistics.

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3668724385

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9783668724389

How Brazil Benefited From Its 'Decolonization Stage'

By: Caroline Mutuku

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How Brazil Benefited From Its 'Decolonization Stage'

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1.3, , language: English, abstract: It is believed that the Portugal rule in Latin America, primarily Brazil, established sustainable social, political and economic structures which enabled Brazil to achieve regional prominence. In most colonies such as Guatemala which was ruled by the Spaniards, colonial administration caused social fragmentation of the indigenous communities because their political structures were based on social hierarchies. As a result, decolonization was characterized with poverty and social discrimination leading to ethnic tensions and perennial civil wars. In contrast, Portugal established a diverse version of administration in Brazil in which a centralized administration enhanced the unification of the colony. That, in turn, favored social and economic growth. It is believed that the monarchy republic contributed to Brazilian political sovereignty during the decolonization stage. Therefore, this paper will discuss the colonial benefits to Brazil which led to its decolonization stage. It will provide a comprehensive overview of Brazil’s expansion in the colonial era, political changes and economic advances towards decolonization. Brazil’s progress is attributable to its decolonization, which set altruistic economic and political systems. Its economic foundation is rooted to the colonial economy, whereas its political and social structure reflects exceptional autonomy from the other Latin American countries. It is believed that the Portugal colonization in Brazil opened the country to the international market for its economic expansion, leading to a rapid economic growth and development during the colonial era. Despite the favorable impact of Brazil’s decolonization which has propelled the country to great heights, especially in regard to the global economy, historical events, which occurred prior to the decolonization stage, had a significant impact to the country’s rapid growth and development.

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3668752311

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9783668752313

Why Africa Has Lagged Behind Other Continents and Regions in Development

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Why Africa Has Lagged Behind Other Continents and Regions in Development

By: Caroline Mutuku

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1.3, , language: English, abstract: It is apparent that countries exhibit differences in wealth. This is some nations are considered as rich, whereas other are said to be poor. From an economic lens, it seems easier for someone to distinguish rich countries from poor ones based on the quantity of resources that are available to a given society. However, it is relatively difficult to identify in-depth information about income distribution among social groups, resources utilization and the trends of production and consumption within a given country or region (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2012). These parameters can only be determined through the use of a ‘development gauge.’ Therefore, this paper will provide a precise description of ‘development’ and attempt to explain why Africa has lagged behind other continents and regions in development.

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3668746214

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9783668746213

The Future of Human Resource Management

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Future of Human Resource Management

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: The transformation of human resource practices has been impacted by different factors including globalization, compensation and benefits package, and diversity initiatives. For instance, in the global competition, firms are seeking for a talented pool of excellent workers to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. Compensation and benefits package is another factor that has an impact on the future performance of human resource practices. This is because compensation and benefits package are designed to attract, retain, and motivate employees for competitive advantage. Human resource management is, therefore, moving away from a base-pay-system towards a pay-for-performance system in order to encourage and motivate employees without having to jeopardize their basic financial security. It is also evident that diversity initiatives in human resource are getting wider attention owing to the impact of globalization and increase in job market. Organizations have invested resources on diversity initiatives including workplace programs and benefits such as flexible work arrangement, corporate sponsored employee affinity groups, and diversity management staffs. Various organizations have implemented various initiatives including diversity and equity in the workplace in order to enhance the performance of the firm.

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3668699909

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9783668699908

Significance of understanding Human Resource Management from the Diversity Perspective

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Significance of understanding Human Resource Management from the Diversity Perspective

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: For more than a hundred years, human resource management, as a practice and discipline in people management in an organization, has evolved in definition and in scope. The most popular definition of human resource management is that provided by Storey and Armstrong. The duo define human resource management as “a distinctive approach to employment management seeking to accomplish competitive advantage through strategic deployment of highly capable and committed labour using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel technique” (Itika 2011, p. 12). Human resource management can further be defined as a management practice and a strategic approach towards employee management in ways that would result in attainment of organizational goals, objectives and mission. According to these definitions, human resource management uses tools that attracts, motivates, develops and retains the effective function of the management of people. His may not be easy as people are workplaces are made up of several differences that are visible or invisible, through age, marital status, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, personality and culture amongst others. Diversity in workplaces has resulted in the discriminations of certain individuals (OECD 2012). For instance, gender inequality is vice that cut across the globe, religion and ethnic segregation separates individuals in Middle East workplaces. In China, rural migrants are looked down upon by the urbanites and are mistreated in whatever kind of jobs they are allocated. Xenophobic incidences have widely been reported in South African workplaces, while the United States is blamed for racial discrimination.

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3668735476

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9783668735477

How to Prevent Conflict Among Family Members in a Family-held Business

By: Caroline Mutuku

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How to Prevent Conflict Among Family Members in a Family-held Business

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Management of family held business presents enormous challenges, owing to the presence of conflicts among family members. This hinders progress of the business and cause family tension, which may lead to adverse consequences. In most cases, disputes over family businesses are addressed through litigation. However, courts do not provide opportunities for healing and reconciliation. If that is the case, then the principal question we should ask is ‘how can we prevent conflict among family members in a family held business using management approaches?’ To discuss these issues, two cases will be presented in which the impact of disputes among family members will be substantiated as reported by Ray Folberg. These cases are the case of real estate in the Silicon Valley and the case of seaside villa in southern California.

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3668733457

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9783668733459

Information Sharing Mechanisms Prior to the September 11 Attack. Evaluation of Effectiveness and Subsequent Reforms

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Information Sharing Mechanisms Prior to the September 11 Attack. Evaluation of Effectiveness and Subsequent Reforms

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: September 11, 2001, a terrorist attack on the U.S cities occurred to the Americans and the world at large. This attack was regarded as one of the most disastrous failure of the U.S. intelligence, which caused 3,000 deaths. This failure was attributable to the unprecedented ineffectiveness of information sharing mechanisms. Therefore, this case study will give an evaluation of the effectiveness of information sharing regarding the 9/11 attack and the subsequent reforms.

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3668753229

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9783668753228

Analysis of Enron’s Unethical Entrepreneurial Practices Leading to its Collapse

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Analysis of Enron’s Unethical Entrepreneurial Practices Leading to its Collapse

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Before 2000, Enron was famous in the business world. It was known as an innovative company, a technological powerhouse, and a major corporation with no fear. It was founded in 1985 as a natural gas pipeline company. The company emerged as a pioneer in the deregulated energy market rapidly, and within fifteen years, the enterprise had built various businesses in international energy-asset construction and energy trading. From1990 to1998, Enron’s stocks appreciated by three hundred and eleven percent; however, the value of the stocks began to increase rapidly such that, by the end of 2000, Enron stocks were priced at eighty-three dollars, with a market capitalization in excess of sixty billion dollars. The company was rated in the Fortune magazine surveys of the most admired companies as the most innovative company. It, however, surprised many people with its spectacular fall within a year, and its image damaged forever. Its stocks price plummeted almost to zero.

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ISBN 10

3668714967

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9783668714960

The Value of Stakeholders in Organizations: Some Stakeholders Are More Important Than Others

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Value of Stakeholders in Organizations: Some Stakeholders Are More Important Than Others

By: Caroline Mutuku

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Every organization works in a social framework with a definite purpose, and thus, it has to relate to a number of stakeholders. These stakeholders have various interests in the organization, and similarly the organization also has varying degree of interest in the different stakeholders. Ordinarily, the purpose of the organization defines its relationship with a stakeholder and such relationships are the reflections of its interests. Most organizations attach importance to its stakeholders based on the amount of gain the organization derives from the respective stakeholder or the liability the organization has to a particular stakeholder. Thus, business organizations attach utmost importance to stockholders, or the owners since these people are the investors in the firm and the company bears a liability of returning the profits to these people. On the other hand, customers also form an important stakeholder for business firms since they bring in revenue for the firm that helps it in fulfilling its liabilities and objectives. In reality, non-profit organizations have a different type of objective. They work for a cause; the stakeholders who are directly related to the cause form the most important stakeholders. For example, any organization, which works for education of poor children, defines all poor children it serves as its important stakeholder. The patrons who donate to such organization are also referred to as important since they provide the means for achieving the objectives of the organization. Therefore, this persuasive essay will provide a comprehensive discussion about the assertion that some stakeholders are more important than others.

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3668748683

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9783668748682

Is Evidence-Based Practice Appropriate In Education?

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Is Evidence-Based Practice Appropriate In Education?

By: Caroline Mutuku

Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Over the past few decades, educational transformation seems to have assumed a new dimension with evidence-based practice being at the core of this transformation. Currently, different countries have designed educational policies to incline the educational profession into evidence-based approach as it has been in the field of medicine. However, this issue encompasses immense controversy among policy makers and educators, as well as within educational research community. This controversy has emerged due to matters related to the significance of educational research in several aspects. First, educational research has been observed to be inadequate in developing a reliable educational knowledge that can be used by educational institutions and governments to develop appropriate educational policy. Secondly, educational research has been reported to be noncumulative and fragmented with numerous methodological faults. Thirdly, evidence-based practice in education is claimed to exhibit political dimensions. Finally, educational research encompasses ambiguity in definition. These are the issues in evidence-based practice that compromise its relevance and quality. On the other hand, it is apparent that there is a culture gulf between the precepts of research and the teaching profession. In this research paper, I will carry out a comprehensive literature review to answer the question; is evidence-based practice appropriate in education? To accomplish this, this research will present issues raised by evidence-based education. In addition, it will provide a critical analysis of the key models involved to demonstrate the culture gulf between the teaching profession and evidence-based practice.

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3668752338

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9783668752337

Venturing a Long-Term Forecast of Energy Supply and Demand around the World in 2050

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Venturing a Long-Term Forecast of Energy Supply and Demand around the World in 2050

By: Caroline Mutuku

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: A secure, affordable and reliable energy supply remains to be highly significant to economic stability, as well as development in the world. Notably, the challenges posed by climate change and the elevating energy demands alongside the erosion of energy security of the developing societies have amounted to high challenges for energy policy makers. It is evident that the current global energy system sits at the nexus of different dilemmas, which include the development dilemma that refers to prosperity versus poverty, the industrialization dilemma of growth versus the environment and the trust dilemma referring to globalization versus security. Therefore, this paper describes the long-term forecast of energy supply and demand in the world, the future of the primary energy supply such as oil, gas, coal, nuclear and sustainable energy, alongside outlining the future of energy demands in the BRICs and OECD countries. Over the years, strains have always been evident in the global energy system, but nowadays, it has been noted that these tensions are becoming more severe. The modern energy system has several lethargies due to its complexity along with scale. Therefore, it is evident that the extensive timescales that are required for planning as well as constructing new energy infrastructure imply that the tensions within this system may not be resolved quickly or easily. In this sense, major changes in the global energy system are expected to be apparent after a significant number of years. Experts have described different scenarios to identify such changes, considering the plausible relationships between distinct possibilities and perspectives. Remarkably, these scenarios have helped in the preparation, shaping and thriving in a reality that is expected to unfold eventually. For example, the use of scramble and blueprint scenarios can be a major step in the development of the global energy system in fifty years to come, although they are both challenging outlooks.

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3668752192

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9783668752191

China’s Economic Transformation Into Capitalism In 1990s

By: Caroline Mutuku

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China’s Economic Transformation Into Capitalism In 1990s

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: The history of the transformation of China from socialist to a capitalist economy remains a tale to most economic analysts, yet reality has it that the country has come out of the woods to harness its economic dividend. It is interesting to narrate the trends of leadership change in China which has made it one of the world’s fast developing economies. No one would have imagined China could break free from the cords of socialism and join the capitalist global economy. This is why Coase and Wang remarks, “No one foresaw that the “socialist modernization” that the post-Mao Chinese government launched would in 30 years turn into what scholars today have called China’s great economic transformation”. Surprisingly, this transformation has already occurred, and this phenomenon is attributable to a series of economic reforms that have occurred over the last three decades. It is argued that China became capitalist in 1990s; the controversy over China’s transformation lies on the border between socialism and capitalism. This controversy is reflected whenever policymakers attempt to answer the question, “Did China become capitalist in 1990s?” Therefore, this paper will provide a comprehensive overview of the transformation of China into a free market economy. It will evaluate how socialist modernization in the mid 1970s led to the attainment of capitalist characteristics in 1990s.

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3668743207

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9783668743205

Inefficiency of Monetary Policies in the U.S and U.K to Address Recent Financial Developments

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Inefficiency of Monetary Policies in the U.S and U.K to Address Recent Financial Developments

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: Monetary policy refers to operations of regulatory authorities or central banks aimed at formulating the size as well as the rate of growth of the money supply. Usually, each country establishes a statutory financial institution with legal mandates to develop monetary policy as well as formulating appropriate monetary implementation strategies. The major role of any monetary authority is to control the country’s money supply. The country’s monetary authority is in charge of promoting economic growth and stability. As such, it deals with interest rates matters with the principal objective of establishing stable commodity prices as well as maintaining low rates of unemployment. However, it is important to note that monetary policy is different from the fiscal policy. Monetary policy controls the country’s supply of money whereas fiscal policy deals with taxation, money borrowing as well as government expenditure .

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GRIN Verlag

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ISBN 10

3668746478

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9783668746473

Positive Impact of Adopting Information Technology in Enhancing Organizational Behavior of Emirates Airline

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Positive Impact of Adopting Information Technology in Enhancing Organizational Behavior of Emirates Airline

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.5, , language: English, abstract: Emirates Airline is one of the leading airlines in United Arab Emirates, and it is a global airline that operates in 80 countries and 142 cities from its hub in Dubai to other destinations across the globe. The core activities of the airline is the provision of commercial air transportation services both passengers and cargo across its destinations in the world. The Emirates operates the largest fleets of Boeing 777 aircraft and Airbus A380 in the world. Emirates continuous growth has been linked with its vision/mission of striving to go further in all aspects of its operations combined with its organizational behavior and information technology which ensures that all the needs of its stakeholders for instance, employee, customers, shareholders, and the society are met.

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3668712786

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9783668712782

Turkish Slaves in Delhi Sultanate

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Turkish Slaves in Delhi Sultanate

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2017 in the subject History - Asia, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: After the Mu’izz al-Din Ghuris Indian campaign and the consolidation of the conquered territory under his subordinates in the last decade of the twelfth century, the Turkish bandagan occupied many positions of influence and power in North India. Thus, when there emerged a politically paramount sultanate of Delhi under IItutmish, all the strategically important positions were given to the monarch’s senior slaves or the elite bandagan-I khass. By the end of IItutmish rule, the influence of the Turkish slave soldiers on the political structure of the sultanate administration was disproportionate to their social status (Al-Sahli, 2013). Although the Turkish slave soldiers had undergone traumatic alienation and been introduced to the Islamic faith as well as the decorum of the court as part of their training, their Turkish heritage remained unchanged. To a large extent, the early Delhi sultans, who were of Turkish origins created in their slaves the Turkish identity in order to create new bonds and identities through the process of divesting the slaves from their old relations. Scholars have noted that the sultans deliberately gave their slaves Turkish names rather than Arabic ones which would have been in tandem with the Islamic faith which they professed (Kumar, 2009). A shared Turkish ethnicity was used to reinforce the bonds between the slave soldiers and the sultan; however, it did not imply that they alienate the non-Turkish slaves. Thus, the slave soldiers were an integral part of the reproduction and sustenance of the authority of the Delhi sultanate.

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3668712964

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9783668712966

Islamic and Western Banking Paradigms

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Islamic and Western Banking Paradigms

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.9, , language: English, abstract: In retrospection, the history of banking in this context can be of paramount significance to understand the broad paradigm of banking, its relation to the history of money which gradually became the medium of exchange in the modern world. Banking transactions preceded the invention of money in the ancient world. In those ancient times, agrarian revolution is known to have led to production of agricultural produce owing to tilling of land using iron implements invented during the iron-age. Trade flourished as people exchanged various goods for other goods. Consequently, surplus and inadequate production saw the emergence of such practices as deposits and loans. For instance, loans acquisition dates back to the 2nd century BC IN Mesopotamia. Moreover, banking transactions such as deposits of grains, cattle and later the precious metals such as gold are documented to have been practiced as basic tools of trade. Gold and other precious metals gradually emerged as the medium of trade, in the form of easy-to-carry plates. Palaces and temples are known to have served as ancient banks where gold could be stored for matters of safety. Temple priests and monks issued loans to merchants. Later on, laws to govern banking operations were laid down as banking practices became wide spread. The merchant banks invented by Italian grain merchants were the first banks in the middle Ages. Afterwards, civilization over generations led to two distinct banking systems partially based on religion: the Islamic and western (conventional) banking systems. Variant banking systems in operation today can be accrued to matters of religious doctrines with Islamic banking showing a distinct paradigm owing to the strict sense of Islamic law from the conventional western banking in common practice. A comprehensive comparison is therefore mandatory if a clear distinction based on the fundamental similarities and differences between Islamic banking and western banking paradigms are to be unearthed.

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3668747547

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9783668747548

Should men and women receive different monthly benefits because women live longer than men?

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Should men and women receive different monthly benefits because women live longer than men?

By: Caroline Mutuku

Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1.6, , language: English, abstract: The question, ‘Should men and women receive different monthly benefits because women live longer than men?’ requires a comprehensive answer. Therefore, this research paper will attempt to answer the question. In the past two decades, social security issues have been raising concern among the US population. Consequently, pension plans have changed remarkably to influence retirement benefits, especially with regard to gender. Ordinarily, employment patterns of men and women differ in several aspects. First of all, more men are in conventional employment compared to women. This implies that, men’s income is higher than that of women. In regard to saving money for retirement, men exhibit consistent saving plan, whereas women experience challenges in saving some income for their retirement. On the other hand, women have high social and health needs compared to men, especially in old age when they rely solely on monthly retirement benefits. It has been found out that some gender related inequalities subject women to financial consequences during their working life and even after retirement. However, the recent changes in the US pension plan from the traditional system to 401k plans seem to have placed women at the gaining end. In addition, policy changes in other retirement aspects such as access to healthcare and social care. For instance, the current healthcare reforms, precisely the Affordable Care Act has brought enormous benefits to women compared to men. Another aspect, which seems to influence compensation of retirees, is the life expectancy issue. It is obvious that, women experience long life expectancy than men. Despite all these inequalities between men and women, monthly benefits are provided equally, and this appears to be a significant bias in the compensation plan.

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3668739080

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9783668739086

Evaluation of ISO 9000 Registration Practices. A Case Study of Sports Goods Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Evaluation of ISO 9000 Registration Practices. A Case Study of Sports Goods Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

Submitted Assignment from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Industrial Management, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: ISO 9000 is currently becoming a license to compete globally with its generic standards which are applicable in all industrial operations globally. Many have described the ISO 9000 as a one size fits all standards because of their universality to apply in all industries. Despite its applicability in all industries, there are concerns on ISO 9000 quality management system adoption especially in the developing economies which is slow, and one of the cited reasons for its slow adoption is lack of awareness and also initiatives to apply it. Currently, most of the businesses and manufacturing companies have taken a great initiative to register for ISO 9000 or in industry-specific version including ISO 9000:2000, AS 9100, QS 9000 or ISO 14000. According to the Geneva-based international organization for standardization (ISO), all ISO 9000:1914 companies need to re-certify under the current standards ISO 9000:2000. On that note, Pakistan who is a member of ISO is taking the necessary measures to upgrade its standards to meet the current ISO 9000:2000 standards (Hayat, 2003). ISO 9000 is beneficial to organizations because it acts as a tool or strategy to enhance their performance in the global market as they certify the standards on quality management when producing their goods and services in the market both domestically and internationally. The certification with ISO standards, therefore, becomes a prerequisite for the firm’s survival in the market thus increasing its use in most of the firms in Pakistan and across the globe. On that note, the article takes a critical analysis on ISO 9000 different practices including the use of ISO 9000 in international markets, top management support, consultancy, role of training, critical success factors, the next step after ISO 9000 has been certified, cost of certification, impacts of ISO 9000, the benefits to be gained, some of the problems faced before, during and after the adoption process, its current status, its future prospects, and some of the general practices as evident in Pakistan sports industry. The article has intensively identified several case studies which explain the current status of ISO 9000 and its existing practices in the sports industry.

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GRIN Verlag

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3668735417

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9783668735415

Urbanization in Developing Countries

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Urbanization in Developing Countries

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Urbanization is defined as the influx and increase of the number of people who live in the cities and major towns in the country, and it is caused by movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. The movement of people from rural to urban centers occurs mainly due to increased population pressure and limited resources available for a large population in the rural areas. Global change can be mostly associated to urban drift, and it contributes mostly to the people moving to the cities and towns. Most people move to urban centers in search of jobs and better living standards which are associated with urban areas. Various arguments have been advanced by scholars on whether urbanization is sustainable or unsustainable. In order to understand the sustainability of urbanization it is good to consider economic, social, political, cultural and environmental effects of urbanization. The increase in urbanization occurred during the industrialization period which took place in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. During this period, large masses of people moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment in the industries, but this phenomenon is now being witnessed in developing countries where industrialization is assuming upward trends. This paper will provide an overview of urbanization in developing countries, especially regarding its sustainability.

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GRIN Verlag

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3668748802

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9783668748804

The Application of Balanced Scorecard in Hospitality Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Application of Balanced Scorecard in Hospitality Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This essay will focus on the use of BSC in the hospitality industry, and our case study the Hilton Hotels worldwide. The essay will show how BSC has been used in Hilton Hotel to measure the company performance. It will also discuss how the management compensation plan has been linked with the BSC. The increase in competition in the hospitality industry for instance, in the hotel sector has attracted interest in quality improvement and implementation of performance measurement systems in these organizations so as to achieve a competitive advantage in the global market. A good example of the performance measurement system is the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to translate the strategic goals of the company for instance, research and development into performance measures. Continuous quality improvement in the hospitality industry is essential and it has been used by managers to measure their performance in four different perspectives, customer, financial, internal business process, and learning and innovation. BSC is important to managers because it helps them achieve their strategic goals in one area without having to hurt the other area. On that note, BSC has been used by managers to overcome strategic management problems because BSC is strategy-driven hence important in the implementation of a business strategy.

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GRIN Verlag

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3668711631

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9783668711631

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1.8, , language: English, abstract: In the contemporary world, there is no business without communication. To most entrepreneurs in the 21st century, social media use in business is seemingly the "next big thing". The emergence of an online technology that allows reaching of big crowds without necessarily meeting them has presented a temporary yet essential fad that ought to be appropriately made use of while it is still in the spotlight. To this group of entrepreneurs, reaching out the virtual market has presented itself as a stepping-stone to, not only establish their brands, but also to make it earn acceptance in the market. Others have even gone further to establish online shops where customers can easily order and wait for their products to be delivered without having to necessarily visit the product stores. Unfortunately, however, there exists a population to which social media marketing is a buzzword without any practical advantage and steep. They envision it to be a complicated learning curve that further makes their business life unexpectedly complex. With regards to the different approaches to social media, this paper will look at both the negative and the positive aspects of using social media as a tool for running business operations.

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3668632049

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9783668632042

Global Outsourcing of Jobs. Pros and Cons

By: Caroline Mutuku

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Global Outsourcing of Jobs. Pros and Cons

By: Caroline Mutuku

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Global outsourcing of jobs is one of the most debated topics in management studies over the years because of the increasing concerns on economics perspective, technological perspective, organizational perspective, political perspective, and strategic perspective. Research shows that the labour market abroad has been increasing over the years thus posing an economic challenge at home, and this is the reason why most of the firms both large and small outsource jobs for instance, professional services in the less expensive labour markets abroad. Most of the leading firms across the globe outsource most of the jobs for instance, professional services so as to achieve a competitive advantage. However, most of these firms are faced with the need to examine the long-term impacts on the business and the society (both pros and cons of global outsourcing of jobs) for competitive advantages. From an economic perspective, it is argued that cost consideration is the most prominent decision making factor in any organization as most of the managers aim at minimizing the cost of operation so as to achieve a competitive edge in the global market because the goods and services are made competitive in the global market. However, there are those who argue that global outsourcing of jobs results into permanent job loss home, and this has an impact on the society where these firms operate. That said, global outsourcing of jobs needs to be analyzed in details in order to examine the benefits and costs associated with it before making outsourcing options. The research paper will, therefore, analyze some of the pros and cons of global outsourcing of jobs which can be used by managers as they make their outsourcing options for competitive advantage in the global market.

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3668743029

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9783668743021

General Contribution of Finance in Firm

By: Martin Guantai Kanake, Dr. John Kuria, Caroline M. Kimathi, Margaret Kibera

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General Contribution of Finance in Firm

By: Martin Guantai Kanake, Dr. John Kuria, Caroline M. Kimathi, Margaret Kibera

TOPICS IN THE BOOK The Impact Assessment of the Micro Finance to Financial Inclusion and Business Growth: A Study of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Igembe South (Kenya) Effect of Vat Incentives on the Performance of EPZ Firms in Kenya Financial Distress and Profitability of Tier Three Commercial Banks in Kenya Effect of Financial Risk Management on Financial Performance of Firms Listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange

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116

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AJPO Journals USA LLC

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9914745369

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9789914745368

How Managers accomplish Domination over Colleagues while delegating Responsibility

By: Caroline Mutuku

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How Managers accomplish Domination over Colleagues while delegating Responsibility

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Research on dominance (control) versus submissiveness (agency) dimension of social relationships in organizations illustrate that most of the individuals prefer coordinating with each other when one of these individuals is dominant while the other is submissive in a task-oriented context. On that note, it is surprising that submissive individuals prefer working with dominant partners compared to submissive partners. A dominant individual in a task-oriented context directs submissive individuals hence assisting groups to achieve their goals. Power is, therefore, the core dimension of hierarchical differentiation. Research shows that hierarchical rank in any organization predicts motivational, cognitive, and behavioral variables such as job satisfaction and goal setting. However, the way power holders including managers make decisions, approach goals, and how they process information helps them increase their domination over colleagues and control over resources. It is, therefore, important to understand how dominion by managers affects task performance.

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3668715963

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9783668715967

The Application of Balanced Scorecard in Hospitality Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

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The Application of Balanced Scorecard in Hospitality Industry

By: Caroline Mutuku

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3668711631

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9783668711631

US Priorities after the End of the Cold War

By: Caroline Mutuku

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US Priorities after the End of the Cold War

By: Caroline Mutuku

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1.2, , language: English, abstract: After the end of the Cold War, the American policymakers embarked on the creation of a new United States grand strategy, even though they substantially failed in this endeavour. The main reasons behind this failure may be attributed to the challenges posed by domestic as well as international circumstances, coupled with conceptual limitations. Notably, though there remained some basic agreement on US foreign policy between the mainstream forces in the Republican and Democratic parties, it remains evident that the administrations of Clinton and Bush placed varied emphasis at distinct times on varied nations, regions, international issues and organizations, and even on missile defence. Initially, the Republicans extensively criticized Clinton for paying too much attention to China and Russia at the traditional allies’ expense including South Korea and Japan. However, just after a few months in office, especially after the 9/11 incidence, Bush, who had largely neglected China and Russia, came to recognize the significance of good relations of these two nations. Arguably, there was minimal variance in significance that was attached to the G8. As a result, these two Presidents-Clinton and Bush seemed to enjoy this yearly constrained session of the leading industrial nations in the world. Remarkably, this essay will trace the efforts geared at formulating strategies or policy priorities in the administrations of Bill Clinton and those of George H. W. Bush, alongside analysing their shortcomings.

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3668753504

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9783668753501

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