By canvassing a range of international scientific disputes, including the EC-Biotech and EC-Hormones disputes in the WTO, the case concerning Pulp Mills and the Gabcíkovo–Nagymaros case in the International Court of Justice, and the Mox Plant and Land Reclamation cases dealt with under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Caroline Foster examines how the precautionary principle can be accommodated within the rules about proof and evidence and advises on the boundary emerging between the roles of experts and tribunals. A new form of reassessment proceedings for use in exceptional cases is proposed. Breaking new ground, this book seeks to advance international adjudicatory practice by contextualising developments in the taking of expert evidence and analysing the justification of and potential techniques for a precautionary reversal of the burden of proof, as well as methods for dealing with important scientific discoveries subsequent to judgements and awards.
The occurrence in some criminal cases of "cultural defenses" on behalf of "minority" defendants has stirred much debate. This book is the first to illuminate how "cultural evidence" — i.e., "evidence" regarding ethnicity — is actually negotiated by attorneys, expert/lay witnesses, and defendants in criminal trials. Caroline Braunmühl demonstrates that this has occurred, overwhelmingly, in ways shaped by colonialist and patriarchal discourses common in the Western world. She argues that the controversy regarding the legitimacy of a "cultural defense" has tended to obscure this fact, and has been biased against minorities as well as all women from its inception, in the very terms in which the question for debate has been framed. This study also breaks new ground by analyzing the strategies, and the failures, in which colonialist and patriarchal constructions of cultural evidence are resisted or — more commonly — colluded in by opposing attorneys, witnesses, and defendants themselves. The constructions at hand emerge as contradictory and unstable, belying the notion that cultural evidence is a matter of objective "information" about another culture, rather than — as Braunmühl argues — of discourses that are inevitably normatively charged. Colonial Discourse and Gender in US Criminal Courts moves the debate about cultural defenses onto an entirely new plane, one based upon the understanding that only in-depth empirical analyses informed by critical, rigorous theoretical reflection can do justice to the irreducibly political character of any discussion of "cultural evidence," and of its presentation in court.
Learning Law is an accessible and engaging introduction to Australian law for students considering a career in the legal profession. This text teaches students how to deal with legislation and cases, focusing on core topics and contextualisation. This second edition has been thoroughly updated and revised, with significant changes including: six new chapters – First Peoples and the law, research, the ethical lawyer, statutory interpretation, lawyers and clients, becoming a lawyer – more coverage of parliaments and courts, new Living Law boxes that showcase the diverse career paths available to law graduates and new Critical Perspective boxes to engage students with critical analysis. Written in a conversational style, Learning Law will leave students feeling more knowledgeable about, and confident in, their interactions with Australian legal institutions and legal professionals. This text is an essential resource that law students will refer to throughout their studies and in the early stages of their career.
Parliamentary elections are the foundation of the democratic State, providing legitimacy to government and an opportunity for citizens to participate in the democratic process. But despite the crucial role of elections in government and society, the law governing them is fragmented, both conceptually and in terms of the legal framework. This book examines each stage of the electoral process from the perspective of the candidate seeking to become an MP: eligibility and qualification, the candidate selection process, nominations, disputed elections and then, lastly, disqualification or exit from the House of Commons. Each stage of the process is considered in light of developments in political practice and human rights jurisprudence, and an argument is made for the rethinking and reform of the law of parliamentary candidacy and membership. The book takes into account the reforms ushered in by the parliamentary expenses scandal of 2009, and also looks to the new electoral era that may eventuate under the Liberal Democrat-Conservative Coalition Government.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this convenient volume provides comprehensive analysis of the legislation and rules that determine civil procedure and practice in Nigeria. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the book’s clear explanation of distinct terminology and application of rules. The structure follows the classical chapters of a handbook on civil procedure: beginning with the judicial organization of the courts, jurisdiction issues, a discussion of the various actions and claims, and then moving to a review of the proceedings as such. These general chapters are followed by a discussion of the incidents during proceedings, the legal aid and legal costs, and the regulation of evidence. There are chapters on seizure for security and enforcement of judgments, and a final section on alternative dispute resolution. Facts are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Succinct, scholarly, and practical, this book will prove a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Nigeria will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its comparative value as a contribution to the study of civil procedure in the international context.
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook on CasebookConnect, including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities, plus an outline tool and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. The First Amendment: Cases and Theory, Fourth Edition is a comprehensive and up to date First Amendment casebook that covers freedom of speech, freedom of association, and religious liberties. The First Amendment: Cases and Theory, Fourth Edition, uses the case method to elucidate theory and doctrine. In an area rife with multi-factor tests, mastery of First Amendment theory and doctrine requires more than rote memorization of three- and four-part tests; it requires a firm foundation in the underlying theories and purposes that animate the Supreme Court's decisions. No less important, the casebook also includes Theory Applied Problems at the end of each major section. These Theory Applied Problems provide an easy and convenient means to assess students' mastery of the relevant theories and precedents. The editors also have included carefully targeted coverage of how other constitutional democracies, such as Canada and Germany, have reached very different conclusions regarding the scope and meaning of expressive freedom. All major contemporary free expression and religious liberty controversies receive coverage, with helpful notes to answer student questions and deepen their understanding of the subject areas. The First Amendment: Cases and Theory is a highly teachable casebook suitable for a standard three-hour survey of the First Amendment, but also for more focused courses on the Speech, Press, Assembly Clauses, and the Religion Clauses. New to the 4th Edition: Revised chapters on basic free speech doctrines including "low value" speech, content neutrality, symbolic conduct, and freedom of association Addition of recent major Supreme Court decisions on free expression, free exercise of religion, and the Establishment Clause Consideration of how social media affects freedom of expression Professors and students will benefit from: Completely revised and updated coverage - including coverage of the Supreme Court's major First Amendment decisions since publication of the Third Edition Comprehensive coverage of contemporary major free speech and religious freedom controversies that are likely to generate future landmark Supreme Court precedents in the years to come Suitable for adoption in comprehensive First Amendment survey courses as well as more narrowly focused courses on the Speech, Press, and Assembly Clauses or the Religion Clauses The perspective of Tim Zick, a noted expert on freedom of expression, as a new casebook coauthor Covers cutting edge free speech controversies such as sexting, revenge porn, racist trademarks, government speech, and student speech rights in the age of the internet Places doctrinal developments into a coherent historical narrative that shows the evolving nature of First Amendment doctrine Includes targeted coverage of free speech rules in foreign jurisdictions that have considered, but rejected, the U.S. approach in important areas such as libel, hate speech, national security, and sexually explicit speech Reorganized and updated coverage of foundational free speech and association doctrines Completely reorganized and updated coverage of the Religion Clauses Includes up-to-date coverage of the growing conflicts over religious exemptions to anti-discrimination laws for individuals, churches, and businesses. Includes dedicated coverage of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and state RFRAs Presents the "Lemon," "endorsement," "coercion," and "history and tradition" tests for Establishment Clause challenges Separation of church and state cases in multiple areas from vouchers to creationism in schools to government sponsored Latin crosses to legislative prayers. Provides comprehensive coverage of the First Amendment in a casebook that can still be taught cover-to-cover in a standard three-hour survey course format without requiring the instructor to make selective coverage decisions
Complete Criminal Law provides students with choice extracts, supported by clear author commentary and useful learning features. The explanations and examples in this textbook have been crafted to help students hone their understanding of criminal law. The Complete titles are ambitious in their scope; they have been carefully developed with teachers to offer law students more than just a presentation of the key concepts. Instead they offer a complete package. Only by building on the foundations of the subject, by showing how the law works, demonstrating its application through extracts from cases and judgments, and by giving students the tools and the confidence to think critically about the law will they gain a complete understanding. Online Resources This book is accompanied by free-to-acess online resources for both students and lecturers. - Annual updates - Links to relevant websites - Answer guidance on problem questions and 'thinking points' from the text - Extra exam style questions with answers guidance - Test bank of 200 multiple choice questions - Additional information on drugs offences
Can the police strip-search a woman who has been arrested for a minor traffic violation? Can a magazine publish an embarrassing photo of you without your permission? Does your boss have the right to read your email? Can a company monitor its employees' off-the-job lifestyles--and fire those who drink, smoke, or live with a partner of the same sex? Although the word privacy does not appear in the Constitution, most of us believe that we have an inalienable right to be left alone. Yet in arenas that range from the battlefield of abortion to the information highway, privacy is under siege. In this eye-opening and sometimes hair-raising book, Alderman and Kennedy survey hundreds of recent cases in which ordinary citizens have come up against the intrusions of government, businesses, the news media, and their own neighbors. At once shocking and instructive, up-to-date and rich in historical perspective, The Right to Private is an invaluable guide to one of the most charged issues of our time. "Anyone hoping to understand the sometimes precarious state of privacy in modern America should start by reading this book."--Washington Post Book World "Skillfully weaves together unfamiliar, dramatic case histories...a book with impressive breadth."--Time
The fourth edition of this popular text has been expanded to accommodate social workers’ continuing need for a thorough grounding in the statutory framework of local authority practice and the wider legal context of social work in the statutory and voluntary sectors. The separate chapter on social work law in Scotland addresses continuing developments in relation to devolved government and new legislation. Since 1996, the pace of change has been remorseless. Part IV of the Family Law Act has been implemented; youth justice in England and Wales has been substantially reformed; the Human Rights Act 1998 impacts on areas of social work practice; and social security law has been significantly amended. The Adoption and Children Act 2002 will both radically reform the law relating to the adoption of children and significantly amend the Children Act 1989. All these important changes, central to social work practice, are addressed in detail.
As women continue to gain more prominence as active participants in the American political and electoral process as voters, candidates, and officeholders, it becomes even more important to understand how gender shapes political power and the distribution of resources within our society. There are many areas of research in a variety of disciplines focusing on women, gender, and feminism, and many of them intersect with a discussion of women in American politics. Our goal in writing this book is to present these topics in an interesting, lively, and timely way through an analysis of contemporary political gender-related issues. We hope to have provided just enough of an historical context to get students interested in the evolution of women in American political life, and enough theory and analysis to inspire them to seek more information and knowledge about gender justice today. The study of women and U.S. politics, as well as the role gender plays in the broader political context, has emerged as a powerful voice within the discipline of Political Science in the last few decades. As such, we hope that readers find this text a useful addition to the ongoing dialogue while instructors find it to be a useful pedagogical tool for their courses on women/gender and politics"--
This book allows readers to develop a critical understanding of the inter-American human rights system, as well as the dynamics of rights abuse and state response to violations in the Americas. The inter-American human rights system consists of two bodies, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The system has been and continues to be essential for the defense and protection of human rights in the Western hemisphere.
...the book fully justifies its title and will earn a well-thumbed place on the bookshelves, not only of children's lawyers, but also of children's guardians and intermediaries who need to understand how the court can, or cannot, assist the vulnerable to give evidence..." Seen and Heard Are you prepared to protect the vulnerable in court? This book guides you through the rights of witnesses and the duties of advocates in family and criminal proceedings. Explaining the legal structure currently in place to assist vulnerable individuals, this title covers every stage of proceedings, including the investigation/pre-proceeding, and post-proceedings, whilst also looking at anonymity and protective orders. In addition, it discusses the sanctions available to the court if proper consideration and sufficient protection has not been given to vulnerable people at each stage. Covering legislation, regulation and authorities which govern these situations, it offers best practice regarding the examination of those who have difficulty understanding their case, by reason of age, circumstance or emotional and psychological difficulties. Practical help is provided through: Step-by-step guidance at each stage Helpful suggestions as to how to approach the hearing at each stage of proceedings Links to the useful guidance regularly referred to within proceedings including the Advocates Gateway
Over recent years, there has been increasing interest in the relationship between China and Japan, particularly as a way of understanding contemporary political, economic and security developments within the whole East Asia region. Caroline Rose presents a thorough, balanced and objective examination of both sides of the relationship. This will be of great interest to academics and policy-makers in the UK and US, as well as to professionals working in Chinese and Japanese communities.
What is international law really about? This set of lessons explains the basic workings ofinternational law at a level high school students can easily comprehend. Through classroomactivities, students learn about the history of international law, how international laws are formulated, problems with enforcing them, and the process of taking a case before an international tribunal. Human rights law, crimes of war, environmental law, and business law are also addressed. In addition students learn about the role of the UN and regional organizations, the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and special tribunals. Lessons are standards based.
New Zealand’s Resource Management Act was the first and most extensive attempt to institute sustainability at a national level, covering all resources from land to water. This book provides a comprehensive account of the challenges of implementing sustainability. It offers a practitioner’s insight into the RMA and spells out the lessons that can be applied to planning systems of other countries.
This volume examines the law and system of control which govern immigration and asylum in the UK. It begins with the historical and legal context, explains who is subject to immigration control, and describes the legal and administrative structure of the system.
Lawyering Skills and the Legal Process bridges the gap between academic and practical law for students undertaking skills-based and clinical legal education courses at university. It develops oral and written communication, group working, problem solving and conflict resolution skills in a range of legal contexts: client interviewing, drafting, managing cases, legal negotiation and advocacy. The book is designed specifically to help students to practise and develop skills that will be essential in a range of occupations; develop a deeper understanding of the English legal process and the lawyer's role in that process; enhance their understanding of the relationship between legal skills and ethics; and understand how they learn and how they can make their learning more effective. This book provides a stimulating, accessible and challenging approach to understanding the problems and uncertainties of practising law that goes beyond the standard approaches to lawyers' skills.
The Law of Evidence in Ireland explores the development of a particular Irish dimension to evidence scholarship, grounded in the constitutional concept of fairness and influenced by the case law of the ECHR. The phenomenon and impact of the non jury Special Criminal Court are considered, as are legislative changes targeting organised crime and sexual offences, as well as developments facilitating forensic testing as part of criminal investigation and evidence, under the Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence and DNA Database System) Act 2014. Now in its fourth edition, this text has been updated with new sections including: - A look at judicial consideration of fairness in the pre-trial process in light of a changing societal context and delivery on the accused's right to fair trial, as reflected in analysis of Supreme Court decisions such as JC and Dwyer - The developing concept of transnational fairness in facing the challenge of cooperation in combating crime and instruments such as the European Arrest Warrant reflected in cases such as Celmer - The changing approach of Irish courts to traditional rules including those relating to expert witness testimony, evidence of bad character and prior misconduct, as well as assertions of new headings of privilege The text is of interest to all those working in the Irish legal system, the criminal legal system in particular, as well as to policy makers and those studying more general issues related to matters of trial, adjudication and fact-finding in various contexts.
Succession, Wills and Probate is an ideal textbook for those taking an undergraduate course in this surprisingly vibrant subject, and also provides a clear and comprehensive introduction for professionals. Against an account of the main social and political themes of succession law, the book gives detailed explanations of core topics such as alternatives to wills and the making, altering and revocation of wills. It also explains personal representatives and how they should deal with a deceased person's estate and interpret and implement the will. Gifts may fail, estates may be insolvent or a person may die intestate, without a will at all. Increasingly relatives and others seek to challenge the will, for example on the grounds of the testator's capacity or under the law of family provision. This third edition is edited, updated and revised to take account of new legislation and case law across all the relevant issues, including a new final chapter dealing with the potentially contentious issues that are becoming more central to professional work in the field of succession.
Navigate the extensive jurisdiction and powers of the Court of Protection. The Court of Protection affects an ever increasing number of people, among whom are some of the most vulnerable members of society. They need the best support and protection that the law and legal profession can provide. A Practitioner's Guide to the Court of Protection is written by practitioners whose individual and combined experience provide an invaluable guide to the law and practical application. The new Fourth Edition covers both the property and affairs and the welfare parts of the Court's jurisdiction, with new and expanded chapters covering: - The Court of Protection Rules 2017 - Case management pathways - Welfare and Deprivation of Liberty - Private international law - The practical application of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 - Lasting and Enduring Powers of Attorney - Case law, practice and procedure of the Court of Protection - Latest guidance and practice notes from the Office of the Public Guardian It is essential reading for anyone involved in Court of Protection practice including private client practitioners, mental health practitioners, family law practitioners, deputies, local authorities, accountants, Independent Mental Capacity Advocates, Welfare Accredited Legal Representatives, and advocates.
This work deals with the crime of genocide and with the social and collective memory of this crime. The volume shows that genocide fails to be adequately remembered due to the inherent defects of the law of genocide itself. The book thus links the social phenomenon to the legal theory (the legal norms) as well as to the legal practice (the trials).
Courts with the right to constitutional review exert considerable power in a political system. However, especially for Kelsenian constitutional courts there are hardly any large-N studies. This is mainly due to a lack of data. For the German Federal Constitutional Court, this gap has been closed by building a novel database, the development of which is depicted in this book. Employing data from this database, the occurrence of separate opinions in general and their different types in particular are analyzed. The book introduces a new, universal theory that reconciles and expands existing explanations. In a second step, the theory is applied to the German Federal Constitutional Court. It can be proven that one factor that has been neglected so far plays a decisive role: The judges' behavior depends on the profession they pursue after their time in office. Moreover, the study shows that - contrary to the common literature - it is not mainly the topic that determines a case's conflict potential but rather the number of issues a decision has to address.
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