How inflation and deflation fears shape American democracy. Many foundational moments in American economic history—the establishment of paper money, wartime price controls, the rise of the modern Federal Reserve—occurred during financial panics as prices either inflated or deflated sharply. The government’s decisions in these moments, intended to control price fluctuations, have produced both lasting effects and some of the most contentious debates in the nation’s history. A sweeping history of the United States’ economy and politics, Shock Values reveals how the American state has been shaped by a massive, ever-evolving effort to insulate its economy from the real and perceived dangers of price fluctuations. Carola Binder narrates how the pains of rising and falling prices have brought lasting changes for every generation of Americans. And with each brush with price instability, the United States has been reinvented—not as a more perfect union, but as a reflection of its most recent failures. Shock Values tells the untold story of prices and price stabilization in the United States. Expansive and enlightening, Binder recounts the interest-group politics, legal battles, and economic ideas that have shaped a nation from the dawn of the republic to the present.
Since February 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic has strained health systems worldwide. This book explores the factors determining the ability of health systems to cope with and recover from a crisis, and therefore their level of resilience.
Discusses syntax and word order changes in Middle English dialects, with an emphasis on the shift from sentences where the object precedes the verb to those where the verb comes first, and considers pronouns and literary style.
Today's programmers don't develop software systems from scratch. instead, they spend their time fixing, extending, modifying, and enhancing existing software. Legacy systems often turn into an unwieldy mess that becomes increasingly difficult to modify, and with architecture that continually accumulates technical debt. Carola Lilienthal has analyzed more than 300 software systems written in Java, C#, C++, PHP, ABAP, and TypeScript and, together with her teams, has successfully refactored them. This book condenses her experience with monolithic systems, architectural and design patterns, layered architectures, domain-driven design, and microservices. With more than 200 color images from real-world systems, good and sub-optimal sample solutions are presented in a comprehensible and thorough way, while recommendations and suggestions based on practical projects allow the reader to directly apply the author's knowledge to their daily work. "Throughout the book, Dr. Lilienthal has provided sound advice on diagnosing, understanding, disentangling, and ultimately preventing the issues that make software systems brittle and subject to breakage. In addition to the technical examples that you'd expect in a book on software architecture, she takes the time to dive into the behavioral and human aspects that impact sustainability and, in my experience, are inextricably linked to the health of a codebase. She also expertly zooms out, exploring architecture concepts such as domains and layers, and then zooms in to the class level where your typical developer works day-to-day. This holistic approach is crucial for implementing long-lasting change." From the Foreword of Andrea Goulet CEO, Corgibytes, Founder, Legacy Code Rocks
This book examines the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes under Hitler, illustrating the cooperation between scientists and National Socialists in service of autarky, racial hygiene, war, and genocide.
Members of racial groups are protected under international law against genocide, persecution, and apartheid. But what is race – and why was this contentious term not discussed when drafting the Statute of the International Criminal Court? Although the law uses this term, is it legitimate to talk about race today, let alone convict anyone for committing a crime against a racial group? This book is the first comprehensive study of the concept of race in international criminal law. It explores the theoretical underpinnings for the crimes of genocide, apartheid, and persecution, and analyses all the relevant legal instruments, case law, and scholarship. It exposes how the international criminal tribunals have largely circumvented the topic of race, and how incoherent jurisprudence has resulted in inconsistent protection. The book provides important new interpretations of a problematic concept by subjecting it to a multifaceted and interdisciplinary analysis. The study argues that race in international criminal law should be constructed according to the perpetrator's perception of the victims’ ostensible racial otherness. The perpetrator’s imagination as manifested through his behaviour defines the victims’ racial group membership. It will be of interest to students and practitioners of international criminal law, as well as those studying genocide, apartheid, and race in domestic and international law.
Today's globalised society highly depends on reliable infrastructure systems like transportation and telecommunication. This doctoral dissertation presents a methodology to identify critical road infrastructures. Critical road sections are those whose failure would entail large costs to society. The dissertation also accounts for aspects like multiple road disruptions and probabilities of failure. Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany serves as a case study area.
A Main Selection for Crafter's Choice Book Club Elegant, artistic, inspiring, magical--all terms used to describe Magenta, a unique company in Quebec, Canada, whose glorious papercrafting products and work are sought after and admired by papercrafters. An inspiring combination of inventive ideas, tips, and techniques on creating memorable projects, offering more than fifty imaginative scrapbook pages, album covers, cards, invitations, stationery, picture frames, Christmas tree ornaments, decorative boxes, all with distinctive treatment--Magenta Style: lavish, rich color, texture, and embellishments. Each main project offers a technique and variations--a change in the color palette, or a different composition using the same materials or techniques, or a smaller type of project (card vs. frame or album cover) using the same materials or techniques. Learn the ‘Magenta' way to use rubber stamps, stickers, sumptuous embellishments, colored pencils, inks, or decorative paper and how to get the most from a variety of materials, even how to adapt the projects to use materials from other sources. Known for their meticulous attention to detail and imaginative projects, this is the first book to showcase the unique and always elegant Magenta Style Paper Magic, from Nathalie Metivier and Leslie Conron Carola.
How inflation and deflation fears shape American democracy. Many foundational moments in American economic history—the establishment of paper money, wartime price controls, the rise of the modern Federal Reserve—occurred during financial panics as prices either inflated or deflated sharply. The government’s decisions in these moments, intended to control price fluctuations, have produced both lasting effects and some of the most contentious debates in the nation’s history. A sweeping history of the United States’ economy and politics, Shock Values reveals how the American state has been shaped by a massive, ever-evolving effort to insulate its economy from the real and perceived dangers of price fluctuations. Carola Binder narrates how the pains of rising and falling prices have brought lasting changes for every generation of Americans. And with each brush with price instability, the United States has been reinvented—not as a more perfect union, but as a reflection of its most recent failures. Shock Values tells the untold story of prices and price stabilization in the United States. Expansive and enlightening, Binder recounts the interest-group politics, legal battles, and economic ideas that have shaped a nation from the dawn of the republic to the present.
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