The bulk of contemporary economics assumes rather than explains differences between people or groups of people. Yet, many of these differences are produced by society or they imply differing opportunities and outcomes. This book argues that economists should concern themselves with the explanation of the social causes and effects of such differences. D’Ippoliti introduces the concept of diversity to summarise all differences that are of social origin and that a theory or model seeks to explain. This contrasts with the traditional concept of heterogeneity that instead refers to differences that are deemed to be exogenous of economic theory. In approaching this, the book ranges from the fields of methodology and history of economics to applied empirical work, as well as gender diversity which is considered in depth. The analysis of the thinking of two major economists of the past, John Stuart Mill and Gustav Schmoller, demonstrates how gender diversity exemplifies some of the fundamental issues in economics, such as the division of labour, society’s capacity to reproduce itself, and the role of social institutions and their impact on individual and collective behaviour. The book maintains that growth of GDP and of the services sector cannot be trusted to automatically bring about greater inclusion of women in the labour market. Active policy interventions are needed, spanning from the removal of discrimination to the provision of public services and the establishment of fair competition in the market, along with an improved division of social and political power between the sexes. This work will be of interest to researchers and students focusing on the history of economic thought, labour economics, social policy and gender studies.
The 20th century has finished, the century when surgery took huge steps forward thanks to progress in technology. Now we have entered the "century of biotechnologies", which will not only generate progress in surgery, but also lead to a real "cultural revolution" that will completely change approaches to solving different problems in medicine. The aim of this book is to bring surgeons closer to biotechnologies and to overcome the cultural gap dividing them from these new approaches. Biotechnologies are already proposed and used at different levels in surgical practice: in diagnostic technique, enabling practitioners to identify diseases at an early stage and follow their molecular modification over time; and in tissue engineering, where the use of "smart scaffolds" offers a possible answer to increasing demand for biocompatible tissues and organs in transplantation surgery. This volume focuses on the emerging field of stem cells, analyzing both their role as possible players in originating and perpetuating cancer – "cancer stem cells" – and, conversely, their extraordinary therapeutical potential. An additional section is dedicated to the evaluation and application of derived molecular factors that can enhance the physiological processes that are fundamentally important in surgery, such as hemostasis and wound healing. Surgeons have always been technologists, in the sense that since surgery began they have always needed technology, beginning with a scalpel and surgical instruments. They have always cooperated with technologists. However, in the new century, the first one of the millennium, a rapid increase in knowledge that is outside the realm of the surgeon’s traditional technological training is imposing itself – hence the aim of this book. It is now urgent to encourage surgeons to embrace this knowledge (biotechnology) with confidence. By its very nature, biotechnology is completely different from the technologies used so far, because it escapes the senses of sight and touch, which up to now have been the essence of the surgeon’s work. The cellular and molecular dimensions of biotechnologies are still far removed from most of the recent advances in modern surgical techniques. A common language between surgeons and biotechnologists will create further, revolutionary, progress in surgical sciences in the twenty-first century.
The history of cinema, and notably that of post-war Italian cinema, can only be understood adequately in the context of other contiguous cultural disciplines. World literature, including that of France, Germany, and Russia, played a key role in the development of post-war Italian film and the cinematic technique it has come to embody. Moving away from the usual modes of defining this period—a trajectory that begins with neorealism and ends with Bertolucci—author Carlo Testa offers proof that coming to terms with literary texts is an essential step toward understanding the motion pictures they influenced. The means of recreating literature for the screen has changed drastically over the last half-century, as has the impact of different national traditions on Italian cinema. Testa's work is the first to explicitly and deliberately link postwar Italian cinema to general intellectual concerns such as the relationship between literary authors and cinematic auteurs. Moreover, his analysis of the impact of French, German, and Russian cultures on Italy brings forth a new reading of Italian cinema, a new paradigm for exploring complex issues of authorship, culture, and art.
The advances in wireless communication technologies and the proliferation of mobile devices have enabled the realization of intelligent environments for people to com- nicate with each other, interact with information-processing devices, and receive a wide range of mobile wireless services through various types of networks and systems everywhere, anytime. This «Internet of Things» will dramatically modify our lives allowing progress in various domains such as health, security, and ITS (intelligent transportation systems). A key enabler of this pervasive and ubiquitous connectivity environment is the - vancement of software technology in various communication sectors, ranging from communication middleware and operating systems to networking protocols and app- cations. The international conference series on Mobile Wireless Middleware, Oper- ing Systems, and Applications (MOBILWARE) is dedicated to addressing emerging topics and challenges in various mobile wireless software-related areas. The scope of the conference includes the design, implementation, deployment, and evaluation of middleware, operating systems, and applications for computing and communications in mobile wireless systems. MOBILWARE 2009 was the second edition of this conference, which was made possible thanks to the sponsorship of ICST and Create-Net and most importantly the hard work of the TPC and reviewers.
The proliferation of powerful but cheap devices, together with the availability of a plethora of wireless technologies, has pushed for the spread of the Wireless Internet of Things (WIoT), which is typically much more heterogeneous, dynamic, and general-purpose if compared with the traditional IoT. The WIoT is characterized by the dynamic interaction of traditional infrastructure-side devices, e.g., sensors and actuators, provided by municipalities in Smart City infrastructures, and other portable and more opportunistic ones, such as mobile smartphones, opportunistically integrated to dynamically extend and enhance the WIoT environment. A key enabler of this vision is the advancement of software and middleware technologies in various mobile-related sectors, ranging from the effective synergic management of wireless communications to mobility/adaptivity support in operating systems and differentiated integration and management of devices with heterogeneous capabilities in middleware, from horizontal support to crowdsourcing in different application domains to dynamic offloading to cloud resources, only to mention a few. The book presents state-of-the-art contributions in the articulated WIoT area by providing novel insights about the development and adoption of middleware solutions to enable the WIoT vision in a wide spectrum of heterogeneous scenarios, ranging from industrial environments to educational devices. The presented solutions provide readers with differentiated point of views, by demonstrating how the WIoT vision can be applied to several aspects of our daily life in a pervasive manner.
Software systems for wireless and mobile communications are a key component in pervasive computing and are crucial for the materialization of easy-to-use and intel- gent services that people can use ubiquitously. As indicated by its acronym (MOBILe Wireless MiddleWARE, Operating Systems, and Applications), these are the type of systems that form the topic of the MOBILWARE conferencing series. In particular, the goal of MOBILWARE is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to disseminate and discuss recent advances in software systems for wireless and mobile communications, ranging from work on communication middleware and operating systems to networking protocols and applications. For its second edition, held in Berlin in April 2009, the MOBILWARE Organizing Committee decided to add a full day of workshops on topics related to the main c- ference. Our goals were threefold: 1. Put together a high-quality workshop program consisting of a few focused wo- shops that would provide ample time for discussion, thus enabling presenters to quickly advance their work and workshop attendees to quickly get an idea of - going work in selected research areas. 2. Provide a more complete picture of ongoing work by not only including technical workshops, but also workshops on business and user aspects. We expected that this multi-viewpoint approach would be an added value as technology, business m- els, and user experiences are usually interrelated. 3. Create a breeding ground for submissions for MOBILWARE 2010 and beyond.
In the year of the bicentenary of the death of Carlo Goldoni, one of Italy’s most brilliant dramatists, two of his greatest comedies are brought to life in Ranjit Bolt’s vibrant translations. The Venetian Twins is a classic tale of mistaken identity and the ensuing confusion. The play was given its premiere at the Royal Shakespeare Company in a production directed by Michael Bogdanov which enjoyed huge success in Stratford and London. Mirandolina is one of Goldoni’s best known works and this translation was produced at the Royal Lyceum, Edinburgh.
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