Carl F. Cranor's Books

Legally Poisoned

How the Law Puts Us at Risk from Toxicants

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Legally Poisoned

How the Law Puts Us at Risk from Toxicants

By: Carl F. Cranor

Take a random walk through your life and youÕll find it is awash in industrial, often toxic, chemicals. Sip water from a plastic bottle and ingest bisphenol A. Prepare dinner in a non-stick frying pan or wear a layer of Gore-Tex only to be exposed to perfluorinated compounds. Hang curtains, clip your baby into a car seat, watch televisionÑall are manufactured with brominated flame-retardants. Cosmetic ingredients, industrial chemicals, pesticides, and other compounds enter our bodies and remain briefly or permanently. Far too many suspected toxic hazards are unleashed every day that affect the development and function of our brain, immune system, reproductive organs, or hormones. But no public health law requires product testing of most chemical compounds before they enter the market. If products are deemed dangerous, toxicants must be forcibly reduced or removedÑbut only after harm has been done. In this scientifically rigorous legal analysis, Carl Cranor argues that just as pharmaceuticals and pesticides cannot be sold without pre-market testing, other chemical products should be subject to the same safety measures. Cranor shows, in terrifying detail, what risks we run, and that it is entirely possible to design a less dangerous commercial world.

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Page Count

328

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674072219

ISBN 13

9780674072213

Toxic Torts

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Toxic Torts

By: Carl F. Cranor

Toxic Torts, 2nd edition shows how the American justice system underserves the public in its treatment of scientific evidence.

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Page Count

431

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107151961

ISBN 13

9781107151963

Tragic Failures

How and why We are Harmed by Toxic Chemicals

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Tragic Failures

How and why We are Harmed by Toxic Chemicals

By: Carl F. Cranor

A world awash in little understood chemicals tragically harms adults and children alike. Laws keep health agencies in the dark about toxicants, slow, well motivated research hampers protections, and strenuous vested opposition exacerbates the harm. How science is used in the tort law can facilitate or frustrate redress of harm. This book recommends better approaches.

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Page Count

265

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190635754

ISBN 13

9780190635756

Regulating Toxic Substances

A Philosophy of Science and the Law

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Regulating Toxic Substances

A Philosophy of Science and the Law

By: Carl F. Cranor

The proliferation of chemical substances in commerce poses scientific and philosophical problems. The scientific challenge is to develop data, methodologies, and techniques for identifying and assessing toxic substances before they cause harm to human beings and the environment. The philosophical problem is how much scientific information we should demand for this task consistent with other social goals we might have. In this book, Cranor utilizes material from ethics, philosophy of law, epidemiology, tort law, regulatory law, and risk assessment, to argue that the scientific evidential standards used in tort law and administrative law to control toxics ought to be evaluated with the purposes of the law in mind. Demanding too much for this purpose will slow the evaluation and lead to an excess of toxic substances left unidentified and unassessed, thus leaving the public at risk. Demanding too little may impose other costs. An appropriate balance between these social concerns must be found. Justice requires we use evidentiary standards more appropriate to the legal institutions in question and resist the temptation to demand the most intensive scientific evaluation of each substance subject to legal action.

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Page Count

273

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

019534491X

ISBN 13

9780195344912

Toxic Torts

Science, Law and the Possibility of Justice

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Toxic Torts

Science, Law and the Possibility of Justice

By: Carl F. Cranor

The relationship between science, law and justice has become a pressing issue with US Supreme Court decisions beginning with Daubert v. Merrell-Dow Pharmaceutical. How courts review scientific testimony and its foundation before trial can substantially affect the possibility of justice for persons wrongfully injured by exposure to toxic substances. If courts do not review scientific testimony, they will deny one of the parties the possibility of justice. Even if courts review evidence well, the fact and perception of greater judicial scrutiny increases litigation costs and attorney screening of clients. Mistaken review of scientific evidence can decrease citizen access to the law, increase unfortunate incentives for firms not to test their products, lower deterrence for wrongful conduct and harmful products, and decrease the possibility of justice for citizens injured by toxic substances. This book introduces these issues, reveals the relationships that pose problems, and shows how justice can be denied.

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Page Count

371

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1139458787

ISBN 13

9781139458788

Regulating Toxic Substances

A Philosophy of Science and the Law

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Regulating Toxic Substances

A Philosophy of Science and the Law

By: Carl F. Cranor

This treatise on the legal assessment of risks regarding toxic chemicals addresses the standards of evidence in legal proceedings and the regulatory decisions covering these chemicals.

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Page Count

278

Publisher

Environmental Ethics and Scien

Published Date

ISBN 10

019507436X

ISBN 13

9780195074369

Tragic Failures

How and Why We are Harmed by Toxic Chemicals

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Tragic Failures

How and Why We are Harmed by Toxic Chemicals

By: Carl F. Cranor

The world is awash in chemicals created by fellow citizens, but we know little to nothing about them. Understanding whether even the most prevalent ones are toxic would take decades. Many people have tragically suffered serious diseases and premature death, including children during development. Why has this occurred? Many factors contribute, but two important ones are the laws permitting this and the manner in which science has been used to identify and assess whether or not products are toxic. Both are the outcome of legislative, corporate, and judicial choices. Congress created laws that in fact keep public health officials and the wider population in the dark about the toxicity of virtually all substances other than prescription drugs and pesticides. Facing considerable ignorance about toxic substances, impartially motivated scientists seeking to protect the public health are constrained by the natural pace of studies to reveal toxic effects. Corporate pressures on public health officials and scientific obstruction substantially heighten the barriers to protecting the public. When people have suffered serious as well as life-threatening diseases likely traceable to toxic substances, judicial errors barring relevant science in the personal injury (tort) law can and have frustrated redress of injustices. Under both public health law and the tort law, there are possibilities for improved approaches, provided public leaders make different and better choices. This book describes these issues and suggests how we could be better protected from myriad toxic substances in our midst.

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Page Count

265

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190635770

ISBN 13

9780190635770

Legally Poisoned

How the Law Puts Us at Risk from Toxicants

By: Carl F. Cranor

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Legally Poisoned

How the Law Puts Us at Risk from Toxicants

By: Carl F. Cranor

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N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

328

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674072219

ISBN 13

9780674072213

Book's by Carl F. Cranor

Legally Poisoned

Legally Poisoned

Toxic Torts

Toxic Torts

Tragic Failures

Tragic Failures

Regulating Toxic Substances

Regulating Toxic Substances

Toxic Torts

Toxic Torts

Regulating Toxic Substances

Regulating Toxic Substances

Tragic Failures

Tragic Failures

Legally Poisoned

Legally Poisoned

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