In the tradition of Vedic Knowledge, Consciousness is not a dimension consequent to the peculiar phylogenetic development of the human being, nor is it a configuration that emerges in relation to the organization of the Central Nervous System, but it is considered, on the contrary, a basic dimension of nature. It is an original nucleus at the base of existence, “a vast and unlimited unified field that originates and pervades every phenomenon expressed in nature.” (Maharishi Maesh Yogi, 1966) Experience teaches us that the Self has already existed for a long time and is more ancient than the ego, which represents the secret spiritus rector or guiding spirit of our destiny. The Self, as such, does not become conscious eo ipso (on its own), but it has always been taught, if it is taught at all, by a tradition, by knowledge… Therefore, like every other archetype, it cannot be located, confined within the area of ego consciousness, but it behaves as if it were an atmosphere surrounding man without well-defined spatial or temporal limits… (C.G. Jung) Within the vision of the mind in Vedic Science, the author highlights the importance of crucial preconceptional quantum factors that make up the “olographic memory”, that morphogenetic field which, at the level of DNA, determines temperamental phenotypical expression, and the existential project of the individual within a well-defined flow of consciousness.
This book analyses the determinants behind the openings in party leader selection rules (leaders' selectorate) in 10 Western European countries and more than 55 parties between the mid-1980s and the mid-2010s. Presenting a novel and revealing theoretical and empirical framework, it tackles the impact of party change and the personalisation of politics, specifically using data coming from the first expert survey on the personalisation of politics in Western Europe; the PoPES. A quantitative analysis is paired with more in-depth explorations of two Italian parties (the Italian Communist Party - Democratic Party of the Left; the Northern League) and the (missed) opening of their leader selectorate. This book highlights the critical importance of studying party leader selection rules against the backdrop of allegedly declining parties and rising party leaders and concludes by placing its findings in a broader discussion about the future of Western European party leaders. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political parties and party systems, leadership, political elites, elections, democracy, and more widely of Western European politics and comparative politics.
Having made documentary films screened at the most prestigious film festivals in the West, Chinese documentary filmmaker Wang Bing presents a unique case of independent filmmaking. In The Cinema of Wang Bing, Bruno Lessard examines the documentarian’s most important films, focusing on the two obsessions at the heart of his oeuvre—the legacy of Maoist China in the present and the transformation of labor since China’s entry into the market economy—and how the crucial figures of survivor and worker are represented on screen. Bruno Lessard argues that Wang Bing is a minjian (grassroots) intellectual whose films document the impact of Mao’s Great Leap Forward on Chinese collective memory and register the repercussions of China’s turn to neoliberalism on workers in the post-Reform era. Bringing together Chinese documentary studies and China studies, the author shows how Wang Bing’s practice reflects the minjian ethos when documenting the survivors of the Great Famine and those who have not benefitted from China’s neoliberal policies—from laid-off workers to migrant workers. The films discussed include some of Wang Bing’s most celebrated works such as West of the Tracks and Dead Souls, as well as neglected documentaries such as Coal Money and Bitter Money. “Bruno Lessard analyzes Wang Bing’s documentary masterpieces through the twin lens of history and labor. Incisively framing them as a sustained critical intervention in how China understands itself through the legacy of Maoism and Deng Xiaoping’s neoliberal reform project, The Cinema of Wang Bing makes me want to watch the films again.” —Chris Berry, King’s College London “Professor Lessard offers an original and comprehensive study of Wang Bing’s contribution to Chinese documentary as a mode of observation and reflection on some of the most crucial periods of China’s recent and present history . . . I certainly felt that reading the films through a sociohistorical approach produced a more vibrant understanding of Wang Bing’s oeuvre.” —Cecília Mello, University of São Paulo
Processability Theory is Manfred Pienemann's highly cited psycholinguistic theory of Second Language Acquisition offering a transitional paradigm that accounts specifically for the development of grammar. This volume expands on PT's explicit (falsifiable) and universal definition of developmental stages, and proposes (a) fresh interpretations of earlier achievements; (b) explicit treatment of the development of syntax and its interface with discourse-pragmatic motivations and (c) numerous pointers for future studies.Part I of the volume introduces the editors' new approach to the theory. In part II it offers a finer-grained staging of L2 development with reference to three typologically different languages: English, Italian and Japanese. Part III explores languages (Russian, Serbian), issues (Spanish differential object marking, German V2 in declaratives vs questions), populations (L2 in autistic learners), and applications (L2 teaching through CALL) not previously treated in PT.
From cinema's beginnings filmmakers have turned to the past for their stories, so much so that in many ways our historical culture is shaped more in the movie theatre than in the classroom. Inside the Historical Film argues how and why film can enrich our understanding of the past. Bruno Ramirez discusses a wide range of films, from various historical and national contexts, pointing to the role that film-crafts play in translating historical events into cinematic language. He takes the reader through the process of conception, research, design, and production of several films that he researched and co-wrote, explaining the decisions that were made to best convey historical knowledge. The practice-based quality at the core of Ramirez's analysis is further enhanced by conversations with world-renowned film directors, including Denys Arcand, Constantin Costa-Gavras, Deepa Mehta, Renzo Rossellini, Paolo and Vittorio Taviani, and Margarethe von Trotta. Grounded in an appreciation for the interpretative value of making films and cinema's ability to reach large public audiences at personal and emotional levels, Inside the Historical Film seeks to understand historical films as both creative works and multi-layered representations of the past.
In the tradition of Vedic Knowledge, Consciousness is not a dimension consequent to the peculiar phylogenetic development of the human being, nor is it a configuration that emerges in relation to the organization of the Central Nervous System, but it is considered, on the contrary, a basic dimension of nature. It is an original nucleus at the base of existence, “a vast and unlimited unified field that originates and pervades every phenomenon expressed in nature.” (Maharishi Maesh Yogi, 1966) Experience teaches us that the Self has already existed for a long time and is more ancient than the ego, which represents the secret spiritus rector or guiding spirit of our destiny. The Self, as such, does not become conscious eo ipso (on its own), but it has always been taught, if it is taught at all, by a tradition, by knowledge… Therefore, like every other archetype, it cannot be located, confined within the area of ego consciousness, but it behaves as if it were an atmosphere surrounding man without well-defined spatial or temporal limits… (C.G. Jung) Within the vision of the mind in Vedic Science, the author highlights the importance of crucial preconceptional quantum factors that make up the “olographic memory”, that morphogenetic field which, at the level of DNA, determines temperamental phenotypical expression, and the existential project of the individual within a well-defined flow of consciousness.
At the end of the Second World War in 1945, which brought on a new Italian State, Italy's Foreign policy was first and foremost that of re-joining the new order of western alliances and playing a role in the re-building of a new Europe different from that which had brought war and conflict. The book "Italy and the European Union: A Rollercoaster Journey" seeks to bring to English language readers the manner in which Italy directed, approached and implemented its vision toward the new Europe. New visions and proposals emerged through champions such as Altiero Spinelli, Alcide De Gasperi, Robert Schuman and Jean Monnet. It was meant to be a new European journey, which would seek to put war and conflict behind it. Being an original member of the Coal and Steel Authority established in the early 1950s, Italy sought to become a player in the direction of European integration. However, it did so with significant distractions and hurdles-at times as a bystander and at other times as a prominent player. The presence of Franco-German leadership was in the first instance a vision but for Italy at times contentious. Equally, Italy was afflicted by its internal distractions and priorities, which were at times a threat to its stability and to its political institutions. At times Italy made significant contributions to the direction of the European journey much of which under the constant eye of ideological tensions in country. It was the country with the largest Communist Party in Western Europe within a bi-polar Cold War arrangement, which remained a constant source of suspicion and concern. From being a Europhile member state in the 1990s to one where Euroscepticism appears regularly, Italy remains ambivalent about its relationship with the European Union depending on the political party in government. This book seeks to provide the story on how and why these changing perceptions of the European Union occurred and what possible avenues awaits this country on its rollercoaster journey with the European Union"--
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