Since first emerging as an issue of concern in the late 1960s, fear of crime has become one of the most researched topics in contemporary criminology and receives considerable attention in a range of other disciplines including social ecology, social psychology and geography. Researchers looking the subject have consistently uncovered alarming characteristics, primarily relating to the behavioural responses that people adopt in relation to their fear of crime. This book reports on research conducted over the past eight years, in which efforts have been made to pioneer the combination of techniques from behavioural geography with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to map the fear of crime. The first part of the book outlines the history of research into fear of crime, with an emphasis on the many approaches that have been used to investigate the problem and the need for a spatially-explicit approach. The second part provides a technical break down of the GIS-based techniques used to map fear of crime and summarises key findings from two separate study sites. The authors describe collective avoidance behaviour in relation to disorder decline models such as the Broken Windows Thesis, the potential to integrate fear mapping with police-community partnerships and emerging avenues for further research. Issues discussed include fear of crime in relation to housing prices and disorder, the use of fear mapping as a means with which to monitor the impact of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and fear mapping in transit environments.
Outdoor Leadership, Third Edition With HKPropel Access, introduces students to a wide variety of theories and concepts that are integral to the understanding of outdoor leadership, and it demonstrates how these concepts come to life in the field. Written by a team of internationally recognized authors, the text introduces eight core competencies that are essential to outdoor leadership: Foundational knowledge Self-awareness and professional conduct Decision making and judgment Teaching and facilitation Environmental stewardship Program management Safety and risk management Technical ability The third edition of Outdoor Leadership effectively positions students to develop the knowledge and expertise required to excel as outdoor leaders. Along with updated references, learning activities, and chapter-opening vignettes, the third edition offers the following new features: New content on intersectionality and the importance of universal design A look at the contribution of outdoor recreation to the economy An examination of transformative learning and updated material on interpretive programming Expanded content on the importance of protecting ecological resources The text begins with the foundations of outdoor leadership, the historical and philosophical foundations of the profession, and the nature of outdoor leadership as a professional practice. Historical and contemporary theories of leadership and the practical application of these theories are examined, facilitating a discussion of the roles that decision making and judgment play in real life. The text then explores the role of teaching and facilitation in outdoor leadership. Topics such as natural resource management, environmental sustainability, and program management—including program administration, safety and risk management, expedition planning, and program evaluation—are addressed. Each chapter opens with a vignette that illustrates the practical application of outdoor leadership concepts so that students recognize the importance of the material. Throughout the text, students are introduced to various types of organizations and agencies in which outdoor leaders work. Learning activities and professional development exercises within the text encourage readers to engage in a process of self-reflection and to draw connections between theory and practice. Glossary flashcards and relevant forms are available via HKPropel. As students progress through the text, they will create a professional portfolio that demonstrates their competency and showcases their talents. Outdoor Leadership, Third Edition With HKPropel Access, is the definitive text for developing student leadership in outdoor and adventure settings. This useful resource will help aspiring outdoor leaders plan safe, enjoyable, and ecologically responsible expeditions; acquire and showcase their leadership abilities; and develop knowledge and expertise. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is included with this ebook.
The essays in this volume in honour of Martin Brett address issues relating to the compilation and transmission of canon law collections, the role of bishops in their dissemination, as well as the interpretation and use of law in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The studies are grouped thematically under the headings 'Bishops and Their Texts', and 'Texts and the Use of Canon Law'. These reflect important areas of contention in the historiographical literature and hence will further the debates regarding not simply the compilation and dissemination of canonical collections in the earlier middle ages, but also the development of the practical application of canon law within Europe, especially after c.1080. Individually, the contributors offer new viewpoints on key issues and questions relating to the creation of canonical texts, their transmission and use on both sides of the English Channel in the decades either side of the year 1100. Collectively, the essays explore the methods and motives of compilers, assess the use of law, find readers both in the compilation of texts and within their margins, and - perhaps most importantly - speculate where possible about the living communities in which these texts were compiled, copied and used.
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