Volume 3 addresses depth-perception mechanisms other than stereopsis. It starts by reviewing monocular cues to depth, including accommodation, vergence, perspective, interposition, shading, and motion parallax. Constancies, such as the ability to perceive the sizes and shapes of objects as they move are reviewed. The ways in which different depth cues interact are discussed. One chapter reviews information used to perceive motion in depth. Pathologies of depth perception, including stereoanomalies and albanism are reviewed. Visual depth-perception mechanisms through the animal kingdom are reviewed together with a discussion of the evolution of stereoscopic vision. The next chapter describes how visual depth perception guides movements of the hand and body. The next three chapters review non-visual mechanisms of depth perception, including auditory localization, echolocation in bats and marine mammals, the lateral-line system of fish, electrolocation, and heat-sensitive sense organs. The volume ends with a discussion of mechanisms used by animals to navigate.
The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world.Volume 1 starts with a review of the history of visual science from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century with special attention devoted to the discovery of the principles of perspective and stereoscopic vision. The first chapter also contains an account of early visual display systems, such as panoramas and peepshows, and the development of stereoscopes and stereophotography. A chapter on the psychophysical and analytic procedures used in investigations of depth perception is followed by a chapter on sensory coding and the geometry of visual space. An account of the structure and physiology of the primate visual system proceeds from the eye through the LGN to the visual cortex and higher visual centers. This is followed by a review of the evolution of visual systems and of the development of the mammalian visual system in the embryonic and post-natal periods, with an emphasis on experience-dependent neural plasticity. An account of the development of perceptual functions, especially depth perception, is followed by a review of the effects of early visual deprivation during the critical period of neural plasticity on amblyopia and other defects in depth perception. Volume 1 ends with accounts of the accommodation mechanism of the human eye and vergence eye movements.
Volume 2 addresses stereoscopic vision. It starts with the physiology of stereoscopic mechanisms. It then deals with binocular rivalry, binocular summation, and interocular transfer. A review of how images are brought into binocular register is followed by a review of stimulus tokens used to detect disparities. Cyclopean effects, such as cyclopean illusions, cyclopean motion, texture segregation, and binocular direction are reviewed. Factors that influence stereoacuity are discussed. Two chapters describe how stimuli in distinct depth planes produce contrast effects, and affect motion perception and whiteness perception. The Pulfrich stereomotion effect and perception of motion in depth are reviewed. The volume ends with a review of applications of stereoscopy.
The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world. Volume 2 addresses stereoscopic vision in cats and primates, including humans. It begins with an account of the physiology of stereoscopic mechanisms. It then deals with binocular rivalry, binocular summation, binocular masking, and the interocular transfer of visual effects, such as the motion aftereffect and visual learning. The geometry of the region in binocular space that creates fused images (the horopter) is discussed in some detail. Objects outside the horopter produce images with binocular disparities that are used for stereoscopic vision. Two chapters provide accounts of mechanisms that bring the images into binocular register and of stimulus tokens that are used to detect binocular disparities. Another chapter discusses cyclopean effects, such as cyclopean illusions, cyclopean motion, and binocular direction that are seen only with binocular vision. Stereoacuity is the smallest depth interval that can be detected. Methods of measuring stereoacuity and factors that influence it are discussed. Two chapters deal with the various types of binocular disparity and the role of each type in stereoscopic vision. Another chapter deals with visual effects, such as figure perception, motion perception, and whiteness perception that are affected by the relative distances of stimuli. The spatiotemporal aspects of stereoscopic vision, including the Pulfrich stereomotion effect are reviewed. The volume ends with an account of techniques used to create stereoscopic displays and of the applications of stereoscopy.
This book is a survey of knowledge about binocular vision, with an emphasis on its role in the perception of a three-dimensional world. The primary interest is biological vision. In each chapter, physiological, behavioral, and computational approaches are reviewed in some detail, discussed, and interrelated. The authors describe experiments required to answer specific questions and relates them to new terminologies and current theoretical schemes.
Sustainability is a key framework for analyzing biological systems—and turfgrass is no exception. It is part of a complex that encompasses turfgrass interactions with different environments and the suitability of different turfgrasses for specific environments. In addition to its biological role, turfgrass—in the form of lawns, green spaces, and playing surfaces—brings beneficial sociological effects to an increasingly urbanized society. This book presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and issues in the field of turfgrass research and management, including the genetics and breeding, the diseases and pests, and the ecology of turfgrasses, and will appeal to a broad spectrum of readers.
Brian J. Rogers analyses the psychological and philosophical aspects of perception, and argues that what we see is not what we perceive. He investigates recent insights gained from the use of imaging techniques, and the attempts to model perceptual processes in AI systems.
This volume comprises a side-by-side combination of image scans and corresponding transcriptions of a collection of early Fall Creek Township, Madison County, Indiana documents for the years 1830 through 1855 (i.e., January 11, 1830 through February 16, 1855). The documents include various school district free holder returns, children enumerations, election returns, bonds, petitions, and other related subject matter. The transcription-scan combinations presented herein were compiled from electrostatic photocopies personally acquired by the compilers directly from original documents held by Pendleton Public Library, Pendleton, Indiana.
32 high-res stereo-pairs for “crossed-eyes-viewing“ from the architecture of Berlin S3D Photography by Josef Plank & Siegfried Büker Introduction: „Not without reason, we have the ability to see stereo 3D (S3D). She made us better hunters, made us recognize predators earlier and escape from them. Why should not we use this heritage of hunter-gatherer times today at work, in leisure and entertainment, in short, wherever we visually experience the world?“ James Cameron, Director of “AVATAR” The playback possibilities of stereoscopic recordings (S3D-Content) have improved significantly due to developments in eBook software and display technologies in the 20th of the 21st century. With the standard ePub 3 and KF8 (Kindle Format 8) or also called azw3-Format, illustrated books can be published as electronic books in high quality. This is the first published application of a stereoscopic illustrated book, following research of the author. This version of "The architecture of Berlin in a stereoscopic view" is the version for "crossed-eyes-view". This viewing technique is explained below, along with other viewing techniques. The present version was designed in double page layout in DIN A4. On opening the double page, a DIN A3 image in landscape format is displayed, with the image for the right eye on the left side and the image for the left eye on the right side. The resolution of the images is adapted to the height of UHD displays with 2160p and the images are embedded as lossless .png files. This results in cinema quality in picture height of modern 4k digital cinema projectors. Due to the "book format" and the "crossed-eyes-viewing" the width is less than 4k, that is to say 2 x 1527 pixels = 3054 pixels. As color space, sRGB has been chosen so that the colors are reproduced more or less correctly even in consumer displays. The dynamic (contrast) should be more than 10 f-stops ≙ 2 to the 10th or more than 1:1000), if the display used, can meet this relatively simple requirement. These parameters leave the classic printed illustrated book behind. The quoted values call for a publication as an eBook.
One in seven American children is either overweight or obese. More than 10 million American children are overweight or obese and the numbers are growing. Kids are consuming too many calories, eating too much fast food, and not getting enough exercise. Such oversized kids are at risk for the early onset of adult diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and even strokes. Get a Healthy Weight for Your Child is designed to help parents prevent and treat childhood obesity using the best medical and scientific methods rather than potentially dangerous fad diets and exercise routines. This book will help parents to: Recognize if their child is overweight Realize the medical consequences of being overweight Understand the social, behavioral, and biological causes of being overweight Improve both their child's and family's eating habits, nutrition and overall physical fitness. The book features practical treatment and prevention with hands-on exercises and informative charts for: The stages of diagnosing overweight problems Treatment options Parental support and encouragement A step-by-step recovery map Helpful suggestions for family members, teachers, coaches, and friends.
Documents the story of the luxury liner that burned off the coast of New Jersey in 1934, revealing how the Morro Castle's captain died under mysterious circumstances seven hours before the ship caught fire and how many of the crew abandoned ship.
Brian J. Rogers analyses the psychological and philosophical aspects of perception, and argues that what we see is not what we perceive. He investigates recent insights gained from the use of imaging techniques, and the attempts to model perceptual processes in AI systems.
Brian J. Rogers analyses the psychological and philosophical aspects of perception, and argues that what we see is not what we perceive. He investigates recent insights gained from the use of imaging techniques, and the attempts to model perceptual processes in AI systems.
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